Interview with Pogge

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Political Claustrophobia in Lars von Trier’s Europa and America Trilogies

This essay aims to trace the specific kind of political pessimism, that can be termed ‘political claustrophobia’ underlying the filmography of the Danish director Lars von Trier. Elements of this worldview are traced by analyzing two clusters of films categorized under Europa and America trilogies; namely, The Element of Crime, Epidemic, Europa, Dogville and Manderlay. Trier portrays a particularly bleak picture of the European civilization in the aftermath of the II World War. An equally claustrophobic outlook also characterizes his depiction of the life and relationships in American small towns during the 1930s. In both settings, attempts at reform and change are thwarted by entrenched social reality; leading the audience to the conclusion that there can be no political outside to the existing world

Deep sequencing of small RNAs identifies canonical and non-canonical miRNA and endogenous siRNAs in mammalian somatic tissues

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. They are characterized by specific maturation processes defined by canonical and non-canonical biogenic pathways. Analysis of ∼0.5 billion sequences from mouse data sets derived from different tissues, developmental stages and cell types, partly characterized by either ablation or mutation of the main proteins belonging to miRNA processor complexes, reveals 66 high-confidence new genomic loci coding for miRNAs that could be processed in a canonical or non-canonical manner. A proportion of the newly discovered miRNAs comprises mirtrons, for which we define a new sub-class. Notably, some of these newly discovered miRNAs are generated from untranslated and open reading frames of coding genes, and we experimentally validate these. We also show that many annotated miRNAs do not present miRNA-like features, as they are neither processed by known processing complexes nor loaded on AGO2; this indicates that the current miRNA miRBase database list should be refined and re-defined. Accordingly, a group of them map on ribosomal RNA molecules, whereas others cannot undergo genuine miRNA biogenesis. Notably, a group of annotated miRNAs are Dgcr8 independent and DICER dependent endogenous small interfering RNAs that derive from a unique hairpin formed from a short interspersed nuclear element

Effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on carcass quality, serum lipid variables and histopathological changes of broiler chickens infected with aflatoxin B1

Three dietary inclusion rates of CLA (0, 2 and 4 g/kg feed) and aflatoxin B1 (0, 200 and 300 μg/kg feed) were tested in a 3 x 3 factorial experimental design on a total of 99 Ross-308 male broiler chickens from 1 to 42 days of age. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on carcass characteristics, serum lipid variables and histopathological properties in broiler chickens receiving a diet containing aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Carcass yield, abdominal fat weight and abdominal fat percentage were not significantly influenced by dietary CLA, AFB1 or CLA + AFB1. Altered serum lipid measurements induced by AFB1 treatments included increased serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and decreased serum concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL). Serum HDL concentration was increased in birds supplemented with 2 and 4 g CLA/kg diet compared with the control group. However, CLA + AFB1 did not significantly affect these parameters compared to the groups that received AFB1 alone. Aflatoxin B1 administration induced degenerative changes in the liver tissue, but dietary CLA supplementation offered protection to the livers against these changes. Aflatoxin B1 residues were not detected in any breast tissues collected from the broiler carcasses. Our results suggest that CLA provided protection against the negative effects of liver damage induced by AFB1 in broiler chickens. Furthermore, dietary CLA supplementation increased serum HDL levels. Keywords: Aflatoxin B1; conjugated linoleic acid;carcass quality; hepatotoxicity; serum lipid variables South African Journal of Animal Sciences Vol. 35 (2) 2005: pp.109-11

PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, LEVERAGE, PERTUMBUHAN PENJUALAN, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP RETURN SAHAM (Studi pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2014-2018)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh profitabilitas, leverage, pertumbuhan penjualan dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap return saham. Dimana return saham merupakan acuan bagi para investor untuk melakukan investasi pada suatu perusahaan, karena investor selalu mengharapkan tingkat return yang sesuai atas setiap resiko yang dihadapinya. Semakin tinggi tingkat return saham yang diberikan perusahaan, semakin tinggi juga tingkat investasi pada perusahaan tersebut. Melalui penelitian ini akan dilakukan pengukuran pada rasio profitabilitas, leverage, pertumbuhan penjualan dan ukuran perusahaan. Selain itu penelitian ini akan mengevaluasi pengaruh variabel profitabilitas, leverage, pertumbuhan penjualan dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap return saham pada perusahaan manufaktur sub-sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara dokumentasi data yang bersumber pada laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit dan dipublikasikan melalui Bursa Efek Indonesia. Berdasarkan pengumpulan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, didapatkan jumlah sampel dari penelitian ini sebanyak 13 perusahaan manufaktur sub-sektor makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014-2018. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan software Eviews 9, secara simultan variabel independen yang terbagi atas profitabilitas, leverage, pertumbuhan penjualan dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap return saham. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian secara parsial, didapatkan hasil yang menunjukkan variabel profitabilitas tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham. kemudian variabel leverage tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap return saham. Sedangkan variabel pertumbuhan penjualan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap return saham. Dan variabel ukuran perusahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap return saham. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, untuk memperoleh return saham yang baik, sebuah perusahaan harus memperoleh laba yang tinggi yang nantinya bisa menjadikan nilai tambah bagi perusahaan itu sendiri dikarenakan kinerja perusahaan yang baik. Tingginya return saham disebabkan oleh naiknya harga saham yang terjadi akibat aktivitas perusahaan dan meningkatnya laba bersih perusahaan. Namun, tidak sedikit juga perusahaan yang mengalami peningkatan laba tetapi return sahamnya menurun. Kata Kunci : Leverage, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, Profitabilitas, Return saham, dan Ukuran Perusahaa

Bir insan hakları meselesi olarak küresel yoksulluk

Bu makale, siyaset felsefecisi Thomas Pogge tarafından geliştirilen ve yaratıcı argümanları kadar ilham verdiği tartışmalarla da küresel yoksulluk literatüründe yön çizici etki yaratan adalet kuramını konu etmektedir. Kurumların önceliği, bireyci-evrenselci ilke ve negatif ödev kavramı, bu yaklaşımın yapı taşlarını teşkil eden üç ana unsurdur. “Önlenebilir bir insan hakları ihlali olarak küresel yoksulluk” tezi de, yine bu unsurlar arasındaki özgün ilişkiler aracılığıyla kavranabilir. Makale, Pogge’nin uygulamaya dönük ilgisi ve kurumsal reform hedefi ile adalet ilkelerini yaygın kabul gören ilkelerle temellendirme çabası arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklığa kavuşturmayı amaçlar. Bu doğrultuda, Pogge’nin geniş bir uzlaşma zemini inşa etme çabası ve başvurdu- ğu argümanlar detaylarıyla ele alınacaktır

HERKESİN YALNIZLIĞI KENDİNE

Behçet Çelik’in “Diken Ucu” adlı yapıtında “yalnızlık” izleği neden-sonuç bağlamında nasıl ele alınmıştır

An endogenous small interfering RNA pathway in Drosophila

Drosophila endogenous small RNAs are categorized according to their mechanisms of biogenesis and the Argonaute protein to which they bind. MicroRNAs are a class of ubiquitously expressed RNAs of 22 nucleotides in length, which arise from structured precursors through the action of Drosha - Pasha and Dicer- 1-Loquacious complexes(1-7). These join Argonaute-1 to regulate gene expression(8,9). A second endogenous small RNA class, the Piwi-interacting RNAs, bind Piwi proteins and suppress transposons(10,11). Piwi- interacting RNAs are restricted to the gonad, and at least a subset of these arises by Piwi- catalysed cleavage of single-stranded RNAs12,13. Here we show that Drosophila generates a third small RNA class, endogenous small interfering RNAs, in both gonadal and somatic tissues. Production of these RNAs requires Dicer- 2, but a subset depends preferentially on Loquacious(1,4,5) rather than the canonical Dicer- 2 partner, R2D2 ( ref. 14). Endogenous small interfering RNAs arise both from convergent transcription units and from structured genomic loci in a tissue- specific fashion. They predominantly join Argonaute- 2 and have the capacity, as a class, to target both protein- coding genes and mobile elements. These observations expand the repertoire of small RNAs in Drosophila, adding a class that blurs distinctions based on known biogenesis mechanisms and functional roles

A phase-field model for fracture of unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites

This study presents a crack phase-field approach for anisotropic continua to model, in particular, fracture of fiber-reinforced matrix composites. Starting with the variational formulation of the multi-field problem of fracture in terms of the deformation and the crack phase fields, the governing equations feature the evolution of the anisotropic crack phase-field and the balance of linear momentum, presented for finite and small strains. A recently proposed energy-based anisotropic failure criterion is incorporated into the model with a constitutive threshold function regulating the crack initiation in regard to the matrix and the fibers in a superposed framework. Representative numerical examples are shown for the crack initiation and propagation in unidirectional fiber-reinforced polymer composites under Mode-I, Mode-II and mixed-mode bending. Model parameters are obtained by fitting to sets of experimental data. The associated finite element results are able to capture anisotropic crack initiation and growth in unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite laminates