Testicular shape and andrological aspects of young Nellore bulls under extensive farming

Aiming to determine the relationship between the frequency of testicular shape and the andrological aspects in young Nellore bulls, 18,676 animals were assessed. All andrological examinations were performed between the years 2000 and 2008. Animals were classified as able for breeding, able for breeding in natural mating system, unable for breeding and discarded. The testicular shape was classified as long, fairly long, oval-long, spherical-oval, and spherical. The analysis of Pearson correlations was performed for testicular shape with scrotal circumference, testicular volume, progressive motility, sperm vigor, major defects, minor defects and total defects. Testicles with oval shape prevailed (99.61%). It was obseved that 76.34; 66.34; 64.34; 58.33 and 50.00% of the animals were classified as sound for breeding for shapes long, fairly long, oval-long, spherical-oval, and spherical, respectively. Correlations between testicular shape with scrotal circumference, testicular volume, progressive motility, sperm vigor, major, minor and total defects were 0.26; 0.08; 0.00; 0.11; -0.02; 0.02 and -0.01, respectively. Testicular shape had no influence upon the andrological examination results. Testicles of long shape were prevalent within the population

Germinação das unidades de dispersão de gervão-roxo

Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de estudar a germinação das unidades de dispersão de gervão-roxo [Stachytarpheta cayennesis (L.C. Rich) Vahl], removidas de espigas que haviam sido armazenadas após terem sido colhidas em dois estádios de maturação. As unidades de dispersão foram removidas de espigas que se encontravam armazenadas por seis ou 18 meses e que haviam sido colhidas com a coloração verde ou palha. No primeiro experimento, as unidades de dispersão, incubadas no interior de caixas plásticas "tipo gerbox", foram distribuídas em folhas de papel germitest umedecidas com água destilada, sob temperatura de 20ºC(noite) e 30ºC (dia), na presença ou ausência de fotoperíodo de 12 horas, por 28 dias. No segundo experimento, as unidades de dispersão, incubadas no interior de caixas plásticas, foram distribuídas em folhas de papel germitest umedecidas com água destilada ou com solução de KNO3, sob temperatura de 20ºC(noite) e 30ºC (dia), na presença ou ausência de fotoperíodo de 12 horas, por 28 dias. A maior germinação foi obtida a partir de unidades de dispersão provenientes de espigas colhidas com a coloração palha e que se encontravam armazenadas por seis meses. A presença da luz, e o emprego de nitrato na ausência de luz, favoreceram a germinação das unidades de dispersão retiradas da parte apical e basal de espigas colhidas com a coloração verde ou palha e, armazenadas por seis ou 18 meses.Two experiments were carried out to study Stachytarphetas [Stachytarpheta cayennesis (L.C. Rich) Vahl] seeds (seedlike nutlets) germination. After harvesting, green and mature spikes were stored for 6-18 months. Seeds were removed from the spikes just after each storage period. In the first experiment, the seeds were incubated in plastic boxes with sheets of filter paper moistened with deionized water, set at 20º (night) and 30ºC (day), with or without a photoperiod of 12h, for 28 days. In the second experiment, those seeds were incubated in plastic boxes with sheets of filter paper moistened with deionized water or KNO3, set at 20º (night) and 30ºC (day), with or without a photoperiod of 12 h, during 28 days. The best germination was observed in seeds from mature spikes stored for 6 months. Light and nitrate favored the germination of seeds from proximal and distal position in the spikes previously stored for 6 or 18 months