Analysis of Population Dynamics of Terrorist Cells

Applied mathematics connects many different fields of science. This research focuses on the population dynamics of terrorist organizations, namely Al Qaeda, by creating a mathematical model, while still considering social science fields, such as psychology. By considering psychological interrelations of a terrorist cell and their contact with citizens, we design a model that is a four-dimensional system of nonlinear differential equations to better understand the way in which recruitment ensues within such organizations. Using the computer program Mathematica, we are able to manipulate multiple parameters simultaneously in order to observe the impact of certain recruitment techniques on the general population. This results in either the absorption of the human race by the terrorist organization, or more positively, a ceiling on the terrorist population. Other scientists, such as psychologists, can use this information to implement new strategies to combat terrorism from a new intellectual perspective

On the possibility of agreement of measurements on AES Proton with the data on sidereal-daily variation and with different models of origin of cosmic rays

Comparison of Proton satellite data, sidereal daily variation, and nuclear energy spectrum and composition with models of origin of cosmic ray

Analysis of possible effects caused by magnetic particles in space

Neutrino scalar magnetic charge and astrophysical effects in mathematical analysi

Eritrea's Nation and State-building: Re-assessing the impact of 'the struggle'

In the April 2003 issue of Atlantic Monthly, Robert Kaplan describes Eritrea as 'newly independent, sleepily calm and remarkably stable'. Electricity is said to fail infrequently, corruption is rare, theft and crime almost unheard of, reflecting, Kaplan claims, 'a surprisingly functional social order' Eritrea is said to have 'achieved a degree of non-coercive social discipline' by implication, unusual for Africa. The country's political culture is described as 'an almost Maoist degree of mobilization and an almost Albanian degree of xenophobia.' In this account, Eritrea is an exotic specimen, not quite African, atypical in almost all respects. But is Eritrea accurately reflected or understood in this account? Is Eritrea really as isolated and marginal as this suggests? Is its development agenda and state-building project that divergent from elsewhere? Kaplan hints that Eritrea's sense of nationhood - 'rare in a world of nation-states rent by tribalism and globalisation' - exists despite globalisation. But this is in complete contrast to current research which emphasizes that 'transnationalism does not necessarily operate in opposition to nationalism but can at times work to reinforce it'. In contrast, Kaplan's article takes as read the official account of Eritrean nationalism, emphasizing that it is a product not simply of its history, but also of its having been isolated and alienated from international and regional influences: 'we Eritreans are different from our neighbours'.

Samarkand complex setup for investigation of cosmic ray variation in the energy range of 7 10 (9) - 10 (15) eV

The Samarkand complex setup is aimed at the study of cosmic ray variations in a wide energy range from 7 billion eV (which corresponds to the geomagnetic threshold in the region of Samarkand) up to approx 10 to the 15th power to 10 to the 16th power eV. The setup consists of four 6-counter sections of neutron supermonitor with counters SNM-15 and 48 scintillator detectors (1 sq m each) placed under and above the supermonitor. The effective area of the setup for recording neutrons and muons is 24 sq m. The setup can register time variations of the following cosmic ray components: (1) the total neutron counting rate, (2) counting rates for neutrons of different multiplicity, (3) soft-muon fluxes, (4) hard-muon fluxes at various zenith and azimuth angles, (5) electron-photon component, (6) extensive air showers (EAS) induced by primary particles in a wide energy range and accompanied or not accompanied by muons and neutrons

Motivation

The ability of humans and animals to survive in a constantly changing environment is a testament to the power of biological processes. At any given instant in our lives, we are faced with an enormous number of sensory stimuli, and we can typically generate an equally large number of behaviors. How do we learn to ignore irrelevant information and suppress inappropriate behavior so that we may function in a complex environment? In this chapter we discuss motivation, the internal force that produces actions reflecting the interactions between our needs and the demands of our environment. We will first discuss what psychologists mean when they refer to motivation, and then review neural network theories that can expbin how motivation arises within biological nervous systems.Sloan Fellowship (BR-3122): Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F49620-92-J-0499, F49620-92-J-0334