Evidence Based Complementary Intervention for Insomnia

Increasing scientific evidence point to a non-pharmacological complementary treatment for insomnia: white noise. Its presentation has been shown to induce sleep in human neonates and adults, probably by reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of ambient sound. White noise may be a simple, safe, cost-effective alternative to hypnotic medication in many psychiatric disorders, especially acute stress disorder and PTSD

Does "Fight or Flight" Need Updating?

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Pengelolaan Pembelajaran Teknik Pemesinan Di SMK Warga Surakarta (Etnografi Mikro)

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui model kurikulum dan silabus yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran teknik pemesinan, (2) Untuk mengetahui tujuan pembelajaran teknik pemesinan, (3) Untuk mengetahui teknik-teknik yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran teknik pemesinan, (4) Untuk mengetahui peran guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran teknik pemesinan, (5) Untuk mengetahui media peralatan yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran teknik pemesinan, (6) Untuk mengetahui model evaluasi yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran teknik pemesinan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain penelitian etnografi. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di SMK Warga Surakarta. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen. Analisis data menggunakan metode analisis etnografi. Hasil penelitiannya adalah: (1) model kurikulum dan silabus yang digunakan adalah Kurikulum Tingkat satuan pendidikan (KTSP) yang mengacu pada Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan dan mengacu pada Standar Kopetensi Kerja Nasional (SKKN), (2) tujuan pembelajaran teknik pemesinan adalah untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang merupakan tenaga terdidik, terlatih, dan terampil yang memenuhi kompetensi yang dipersyaratkan oleh dunia kerja dalam bidang teknik yang relevan, (3) teknik-teknik yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran teknik pemesinan adalah ceramah, Tanya jawab, diskusi, pemberian tugas, demonstrasi, latihan dan praktek, (4) peran guru dalam pembelajaran teknik pemesinan adalah sebagai sumber belajar, sebagai fasilitator, sebagai pengelola pembelajaran, sebagai demonstrator, sebagai pembimbing, sebagai motivator dan juga sebagai evaluator dalam meningkatkan keberhasilan program belajar mengajar baik dalam kegiatan pengajaran teori maupun kegiatan praktikum di laboratorium. Peran siswa dalam pembelajaran yaitu mendengarkan, mencatat, mengerjakan, mempraktekan, bertanya dan menjawab pertanyaan yang diberikan oleh guru pada saat proses belajar mengajar baik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran teori maupun kegiatan pembelajaran praktikum, (5) media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran adalah multi media, media gambar, OHP proyektor, media cetak, dan berbagai peralatan mesin dan bahan lain yang ada di laboratorium, (6) evaluasi dalam pembelajaran: formatif dan sumatif

Reevaluating the Management of Chronic Temporomandibular Pain Are We Treating PTSD with Debridement and Lavage?

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The human fear-circuitry and fear-induced fainting in healthy individuals The paleolithic-threat hypothesis

The Paleolithic-Threat hypothesis reviewed here posits that habitual efferent fainting can be traced back to fear-induced allelic polymorphisms that were selected into some genomes of anatomically, mitochondrially, and neurally modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens) in the Mid-Paleolithic because of the survival advantage they conferred during periods of inescapable threat. We posit that during Mid-Paleolithic warfare an encounter with “a stranger holding a sharp object” was consistently associated with threat to life. A heritable hard- wired or firm-wired (prepotentiated) predisposition to abruptly increase vagal tone and collapse flaccidly rather than freeze or attempt to flee or fight in response to an approaching sharp object, a minor injury, or the sight of blood, polymorphism for the hemodynamically “paradoxical” flaccid- immobility in response to these stimuli may have increased some non-combatants’ chances of survival. This is consistent with the unusual age and sex pattern of fear-induced fainting. The Paleolithic-Threat hypothesis also predicts a link to various hypo-androgenic states (e.g. low dehydroxyepiandrosterone-sulfate. We offer five predictions testable via epidemiological, clinical, and ethological/primatological methods. The Paleolithic-Threat hypothesis has implications for research in the aftermath of man-made disasters, such as terrorism against civilians, a traumatic event in which this hypothesis predicts epidemics of fear-induced faintin

Multilocus sequence typing of Cronobacter sakazakii and Cronobacter malonaticus reveals stable clonal structures with clinical significance which do not correlate with biotypes

Background: The Cronobacter genus (Enterobacter sakazakii) has come to prominence due to its association with infant infections, and the ingestion of contaminated reconstituted infant formula. C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus are closely related, and are defined according their biotype. Due to the ubiquitous nature of the organism, and the high severity of infection for the immunocompromised, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme has been developed for the fast and reliable identification and discrimination of C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus strains. It was applied to 60 strains of C. sakazakii and 16 strains of C. malonaticus, including the index strains used to define the biotypes. The strains were from clinical and non-clinical sources between 1951 and 2008 in USA, Canada, Europe, New Zealand and the Far East. Results: This scheme uses 7 loci; atpD, fusA, glnS, gltB, gyrB, infB, and pps. There were 12 sequence types (ST) identified in C. sakazakii, and 3 in C. malonaticus. A third (22/60) of C. sakazakii strains were in ST4, which had almost equal numbers of clinical and infant formula isolates from 1951 to 2008. ST8 may represent a particularly virulent grouping of C. sakazakii as 7/8 strains were clinical in origin which had been isolated between 1977 - 2006, from four countries. C. malonaticus divided into three STs. The previous Cronobacter biotyping scheme did not clearly correspond with STs nor with species. Conclusion: In conclusion, MLST is a more robust means of identifying and discriminating between C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus than biotyping. The MLST database for these organisms is available online at http://pubmlst.org/cronobacter

Towards an expert system for enantioseparations: induction of rules using machine learning

A commercially available machine induction tool was used in an attempt to automate the acquisition of the knowledge needed for an expert system for enantioseparations by High Performance Liquid Chromatography using Pirkle-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs). Various rule-sets were induced that recommended particular CSP chiral selectors based on the structural features of an enantiomer pair. The results suggest that the accuracy of the optimal rule-set is 63% + or - 3% which is more than ten times greater than the accuracy that would have resulted from a random choice

Geo-Informatics 2: Remote Sensing

Exam paper for second semester: Geo-Informatics 2: Remote Sensin

A review of expert systems for chromatography

Expert systems for chromatography are reviewed. A taxonomy is proposed that allows present (and future) expert systems in this area to be classified and facilitates an understanding of their inter-relationship. All the systems are described focusing on the reasons for their development, what their purpose was and how they were to be used. The engineering methods, knowledge representations, tools and architectures used for the systems are compared and contrasted in a discussion covering all the stages of the development life cycle of expert systems. The review reveals that too often developers of expert systems for chromatography do not justify their decisions on engineering matters and that the literature suggests that many ideas advocated by knowledge engineers are not being used