A Review- Proposed Bidirectional Relaying for Improved Channel Estimation Error and Co-Channel Interference

Wireless Communication has gained a lot of interest as future generation requires higher data rates and more suitable transmission with adequate quality of service. Wireless communication suffers from various problems like Co-Channel Interference (CCI) and Channel Estimation Error (CEE). Cooperative communication is an efficient technique to deal with these types of problems by offering significant multiplexing and diversity gains without increasing power and bandwidth. Our proposed two way relaying helps to improve the overall system performance in wireless networks. Cooperative communications also deals with the various problems like fading and shadowing. It is further investigated that proposed two way relaying is spectrally efficient technique which provides a way to surmount half duplexing loss in one way relay channel

A comparison of salivary testosterone measurement using immunoassays and tandem mass spectrometry

Enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) are widely used to measure salivary testosterone. However, little is known about how accurately different EIAs assess testosterone, partially because estimates across various EIAs differ considerably. We compared testosterone concentrations across EIAs of three commonly used manufacturers (DRG International, Salimetrics, and IBL International) to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Relative to EIAs from Salimetrics and IBL International, EIAs supplied by DRG International provided the closest approximation to LC–MS/MS testosterone concentrations, followed closely by EIAs from Salimetrics, and then IBL. Additionally, EIAs tended to inflate estimates of lower testosterone concentrations in women. Examining our results and comparing them to existing data revealed that testosterone EIAs had decreased linear correspondence with LC–MS/MS in comparison to cortisol EIAs. Overall, this paper provides researchers with information to better measure testosterone in their research and more accurately compare testosterone measurements across different methods

Comparison of Preemptive and Post Operative Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block for Alleviating Pain and Post Operative Delirium in Elderly Patients with Proximal Femur Fracture Surgery

Background and Aim: Pain management is a challenging issue in elderly patients with hip fracture. Adequate pain relief before administrating spinal blockade will increase patient’s cooperation. This study was done to assess analgesic effect of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) for positioning for spinal anesthesia. Present Study was done with an aim to evaluate and compare the analgesic effect of Pre-emptive Fascia Iliaca Compartment block (FICB) and Post-operative Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block on the incidence of post-operative delirium in geriatric patients undergoing proximal femur fracture surgeries under spinal anaesthesia.Material and Methods: A Prospective, Randomised, single blind, comparative study recruiting 110 patients posted for proximal femur fracture surgery. The two groups were assigned randomly. Landmark guided FICB will be given 30 mins Prior to surgery with 23G 1 ½ Inch block needle with Inj. Ropivacaine (0.25%) 30ml. Spinal Anaesthesia would be performed with Inj.Bupivacine (0.5%) heavy. GROUP B (POST FICB Group): When effect of central neuroaxial block (S/A) reach up to level L1 and after shifting Patient in recovery room Landmark guided FICB is given with Inj. Ropivacaine (0.25%) 30 ml. Vitals were monitored before and after block, at the time of positioning for spinal anesthesia, intraoperative and postoperative periods.Results: At Completion of surgery, after regression of SAB to L1, after 30 minutes, 1 Hour, 6 Hour and 24 Hour of postoperative period there was a significant difference between VAS of Group A and Group B. The mean total duration of analgesia in Group A was 6.13 hr min after spinal anesthesia, whereas in Group B, mean total duration of analgesia was 5.38 hr. There was statistically significant difference in the total duration of analgesia in postoperative period between Group A and Group B.Conclusion: FICB effectively provides analgesia for positioning for spinal anesthesia to patients in hip and proximal femur surgeries. It also provides analgesia in postoperative period without having significant alteration in the hemodynamic profile of patients

Gel - A new drug dosage form for Ayurved medicines

Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana is the science dealing with processing of Ayurved medicines. Due to globalisation of Ayurved science it is need of time to convert our dosage form into palatable and convenient form towards the patient without compromising the effect of the medicines. So here an attempt was made to convert a medicine Rasakarpura Drava into new dosage form Rasakarpura Gel. It is also thought that other raw materials like Tuttha, Sphatika, Tankan etc; some water soluble formulations like Rasakarpura etc; and some water based dosage form like Arka, Hima, Phant etc. can be converted into gel form due to its water solubility and external skin absorbent nature. Is it possible

A Match in Time Saves Nine: Deterministic Online Matching With Delays

We consider the problem of online Min-cost Perfect Matching with Delays (MPMD) introduced by Emek et al. (STOC 2016). In this problem, an even number of requests appear in a metric space at different times and the goal of an online algorithm is to match them in pairs. In contrast to traditional online matching problems, in MPMD all requests appear online and an algorithm can match any pair of requests, but such decision may be delayed (e.g., to find a better match). The cost is the sum of matching distances and the introduced delays. We present the first deterministic online algorithm for this problem. Its competitive ratio is $O(m^{\log_2 5.5})$ $= O(m^{2.46})$, where $2 m$ is the number of requests. This is polynomial in the number of metric space points if all requests are given at different points. In particular, the bound does not depend on other parameters of the metric, such as its aspect ratio. Unlike previous (randomized) solutions for the MPMD problem, our algorithm does not need to know the metric space in advance

Exploring the Impact of Teaching French as an Enrichment Program to Primary School Students of Municipal Corporation of Delhi for Academic Session 2023-24

Students of the Primary schools run by Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) lack resources to avail enrichment programs like learning foreign languages and cultures as they come from economically weaker part of the community. This lack motivated to design Josuman French Enrichment Program for MCD school students to teach French language in the mother tongue of the students following recent NEP 2020 regulations. The impact of the program was analyzed after teaching it in 80 schools of three MCD zones, East, South and Central Delhi for the complete academic year of 2023-24 to the interested students of 4th and 5th classes. The feedback from the school heads and class teachers was collected to analyze change in the affective attributes of the French program students. The weekly observational data and class exam results were collected from the French program teachers to analyze change in cognitive attributes of their students. The results of the study proved that students learnt to speak and write in French. There has been increase in the interest level and enthusiasm in learners. The impact of the French program has been so positive that more MCD schools have requested to include this enrichment program for their students

A Review on Algae Biodiesel: A Novel Source of Renewable Energy in India

No Abstrac

Comparative Analysis of GPSR and GPVR Protocol for Various Parameters in VANET with Power Control

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are deployed to make communication between vehicles possible using ad hoc wireless devices. Nowadays, these networks have become an emerging technology due to the variety of their applications in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). By creating a vehicular network, each vehicle can exchange information to inform drivers in other vehicles about the current status of the traffic flow or the existence of a dangerous situation. They can also be used to improve traffic management conditions such as route optimization, flow congestion control and to provide on-board infotainment such as Internet access, the location of free parking places, video streaming sharing, etc. GPSR protocol utilized for wireless sensor networks in base paper. First of all various parameters must be take care for whom our research would revolve and then finding the demerit of existing protocol. By analyzing the problem of existed protocol a new protocol need to be designed. In our dissertation work GPVR (Greedy Perimeter Vector Routing) protocol is designed. After that various parameters like throughput, end to end delay, packet loss ratio and energy would be compared of both protocols that is existed one and proposed one. In our research work GPSR protocol is enhanced by using position vector calculation and simple redundancy elimination. After analyzing results of both protocols, finally we came to the conclusion that proposed protocol that is GPVR performs better. This research work carried out in NS2 software because it is peril and menacing free, In simulation various possibility can be made regarding smash of vehicles, in rural and urban area. So computer simulation is very crucial in VANET research. VANET Simulation extended into two parts that is traffic simulation and Network simulatio

Comparative Evaluation of Rate of Canine Retraction, Root Parallelism, Canine Rotation and Anchorage Control between Micro-Osteoperforation and Low Level Laser Therapy : an in-vivo Study

Aim: To evaluate and compare the Rate of Canine Retraction, Root Parallelism, Canine Rotation and Anchorage control between Micro-Osteoperforation (MOP) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT). Material and Methods: Twenty-one Participants were selected and randomly divided into Group 1 (MOP Side) and Group 2 (LLLT Side). All participants had to undergo individual Canine Retraction. Participants underwent MOP on the one side and LLLT on the other side. Canines were individually retracted using closed coil NiTi (9 mm) springs at 150gms force. Study models were made at T0, 28th day (T1), 56th day (T2) and 84th day (T3). OPG was collected at T0 & T3. Different parameters like Amount of Canine Retraction, Canine Rotation, Anchorage Control and Root Parallelism were evaluated. Results: Mean retraction of 4.45±0.52 mm is seen in MOP side and 4.62±0.71 mm on the LLLT side. No significant difference is found in Anchorage Control (p=0.68) and Root Parallelism (p=0.171) between both groups. Higher incidences of disto-palatal Canine Rotation are seen in MOP Group (0.36±0.57), but is statistically not significant (p=0.01). Conclusion: There was statistically no significant difference found in rate of Canine Retraction, Root Parallelism, Anchorage Control and Canine Rotation between MOP and LLLT Group