Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

Planar passivated SCR with sensitive gate in a SIP3 (SOT82) plastic package intended for use in general purpose switching and phase control applications. These devices are intended to be interfaced directly to microcontrollers, logic integrated circuits and other low power gate trigger circuits. 2. Features and benefits • Sensitive gate • Planar passivated for voltage ruggedness and reliability • Direct triggering from low power drivers and logic IC

Quick reference data Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

1. General description Planar passivated four quadrant triac in a SOT223 surface-mountable plastic package intended for use in applications requiring high bidirectional transient and blocking voltage capability and high thermal cycling performance. 2. Features and benefits • High blocking voltage capability • High noise immunity suitable for noisy applications • Planar passivated for voltage ruggedness and reliability • Surface-mountable package • Triggering in all four quadrant

Velocity Correlations in Driven Two-Dimensional Granular Media

Simulations of volumetrically forced granular media in two dimensions produce s tates with nearly homogeneous density. In these states, long-range velocity correlations with a characteristic vortex structure develop; given sufficient time, the correlations fill the entire simulated area. These velocity correlations reduce the rate and violence of collisions, so that pressure is smaller for driven inelastic particles than for undriven elastic particles in the same thermodynamic state. As the simulation box size increases, the effects of veloc ity correlations on the pressure are enhanced rather than reduced.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, 21 reference

Fluctuations in granular gases

A driven granular material, e.g. a vibrated box full of sand, is a stationary system which may be very far from equilibrium. The standard equilibrium statistical mechanics is therefore inadequate to describe fluctuations in such a system. Here we present numerical and analytical results concerning energy and injected power fluctuations. In the first part we explain how the study of the probability density function (pdf) of the fluctuations of total energy is related to the characterization of velocity correlations. Two different regimes are addressed: the gas driven at the boundaries and the homogeneously driven gas. In a granular gas, due to non-Gaussianity of the velocity pdf or lack of homogeneity in hydrodynamics profiles, even in the absence of velocity correlations, the fluctuations of total energy are non-trivial and may lead to erroneous conclusions about the role of correlations. In the second part of the chapter we take into consideration the fluctuations of injected power in driven granular gas models. Recently, real and numerical experiments have been interpreted as evidence that the fluctuations of power injection seem to satisfy the Gallavotti-Cohen Fluctuation Relation. We will discuss an alternative interpretation of such results which invalidates the Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry. Moreover, starting from the Liouville equation and using techniques from large deviation theory, the general validity of a Fluctuation Relation for power injection in driven granular gases is questioned. Finally a functional is defined using the Lebowitz-Spohn approach for Markov processes applied to the linear inelastic Boltzmann equation relevant to describe the motion of a tracer particle. Such a functional results to be different from injected power and to satisfy a Fluctuation Relation.Comment: 40 pages, 18 figure

Block chain Technology Logistics in Supply Chain Management

The rise of blockchain technology has garnered considerable interest within the fields of supply chain management (SCM) and logistics. This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric review aimed at analytically and objectively uncovering the intellectual foundation of this research domain, highlighting key publications and influential scholars. Utilizing knowledge domain visualization techniques, the study offers deeper insights that extend beyond those of prior review studies focused on blockchain in logistics and SCM. The analysis is based on a dataset of 628 research articles sourced from Scopus and Web of Science, published between 2016 and 2020. Results from the bibliometric analysis reveal a sharp increase in blockchain-related publications starting in 2017, with leading contributions coming from researchers in the USA, China, and India. The study also identifies the top academic institutions driving research in this area. Network analysis shows that current literature is primarily centered around blockchain conceptualization, its potential to enhance supply chain sustainability, the drivers and barriers to its adoption, and its application in improving agility, trust, intellectual property protection, and food/perishable supply chains. Beyond mapping the existing literature, the paper highlights key research gaps and suggests actionable directions for future investigation. Overall, this study offers a timely and evidence-based overview of the knowledge structure in blockchain research within the logistics and SCM landscap

Living GenoChemetics by hyphenating synthetic biology and synthetic chemistry in vivo

Marrying synthetic biology with synthetic chemistry provides a powerful approach toward natural product diversification, combining the best of both worlds: expediency and synthetic capability of biogenic pathways and chemical diversity enabled by organic synthesis. Biosynthetic pathway engineering can be employed to insert a chemically orthogonal tag into a complex natural scaffold affording the possibility of site-selective modification without employing protecting group strategies. Here we show that, by installing a sufficiently reactive handle (e.g., a C–Br bond) and developing compatible mild aqueous chemistries, synchronous biosynthesis of the tagged metabolite and its subsequent chemical modification in living culture can be achieved. This approach can potentially enable many new applications: for example, assay of directed evolution of enzymes catalyzing halo-metabolite biosynthesis in living cells or generating and following the fate of tagged metabolites and biomolecules in living systems. We report synthetic biological access to new-to-nature bromo-metabolites and the concomitant biorthogonal cross-coupling of halo-metabolites in living culture

Voice Message Recognition on Mail

The internet has become an important part of everyday life, but the visually impaired have difficulty using it. Computers have given them new opportunities, such as audio-based environments, screen readers, and voice based email systems. The goal is to create a voice based email system for those who are blind or visually impaired, allowing them to send and receive emails using computers. This system will use the latest features to provide an environment that is helpful for the visually challenged people to work without the need for external help. In This program is a voice-controlled email service that allows users to send and read emails using speech recognition and text to-speech technology. The program uses Python libraries such as smtplib, easyimap, speech_ recognition, and pyttsx3 to implement the functionality. The program begins with a welcome message and prompts the user to choose between sending an email, reading the inbox, or exiting the program. The user's spoken input is recognized using the speech recognition library, and the program responds with text-to speech feedback using the pyttsx3 library. If the user chooses to send an email, they are prompted to speak the body of the email, and the email is sent using the smtplib library. If the user chooses to read their inbox, they are prompted to speak the serial number of the email they wish to read, and the program uses the easyimap library to retrieve the email's details, which are then read out loud using textto-speech

Waiting for elective general surgery: impact on health related quality of life and psychosocial consequences

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Long waiting times for elective surgical treatment threaten timely care provision in several countries. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of waiting for elective general surgery on the quality of life and psychosocial health of patients.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A cross-sectional questionnaire study with postoperative follow-up was performed among patients on waiting lists for surgical treatment of varicose veins (n = 176), inguinal hernia (n = 201), and gallstones (n = 128) in 27 hospitals.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In each group the waiting period involved worse general health perceptions (GHPQ), more problems in quality of life (EuroQoL), and raised levels of anxiety (STAI) as compared to after surgery (all differences: p < 0.05). Quality of life was not affected in 19–36% of patients.</p> <p>Emotional reactions to waiting were most negative among patients with gallstones. Prior information about the duration of the wait reduced the negativity of these reactions (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Social activities were affected in 39% to 48% of the patients and 18%-23% of employed patients reported problems with work during the wait.</p> <p>Having waited a longer time was associated with worse quality of life among patients with inguinal hernia. Longer waited times also engendered more negative reactions to waiting among patients with inguinal hernia and gallstones (multilevel regression analysis, p < 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Waiting for general surgery mainly involves a prolonged period of decreased health and an affected psychological and social life of the patient in waiting. Variation in the severity of these consequences across patients indicates that the prioritisation of patients could reduce the overall burden of waiting. Early information about the duration of the delay could further promote a patient's acceptance of waiting.</p

Quantum Measurement Theory in Gravitational-Wave Detectors

The fast progress in improving the sensitivity of the gravitational-wave (GW) detectors, we all have witnessed in the recent years, has propelled the scientific community to the point, when quantum behaviour of such immense measurement devices as kilometer-long interferometers starts to matter. The time, when their sensitivity will be mainly limited by the quantum noise of light is round the corner, and finding the ways to reduce it will become a necessity. Therefore, the primary goal we pursued in this review was to familiarize a broad spectrum of readers with the theory of quantum measurements in the very form it finds application in the area of gravitational-wave detection. We focus on how quantum noise arises in gravitational-wave interferometers and what limitations it imposes on the achievable sensitivity. We start from the very basic concepts and gradually advance to the general linear quantum measurement theory and its application to the calculation of quantum noise in the contemporary and planned interferometric detectors of gravitational radiation of the first and second generation. Special attention is paid to the concept of Standard Quantum Limit and the methods of its surmounting.Comment: 147 pages, 46 figures, 1 table. Published in Living Reviews in Relativit

Block chain Technology: Overview, Working Model, Security, and Future Prospects

Blockchain technology has become a cornerstone of innovation across various industries, offering a decentralized solution to secure and transparent data management. This paper explores the key aspects of blockchain technology, including its working model, security features, and future applications. At its core, blockchain operates as a distributed ledger system, where transactions are recorded in blocks and linked in a chain, ensuring that each transaction is transparent, immutable, and verified by multiple nodes. Consensus algorithms like Proof of Work (PoW) and Proof of Stake (PoS) play a crucial role in validating transactions and maintaining the integrity of the system [1]. Security is a fundamental aspect of blockchain technology, with cryptographic techniques ensuring the confidentiality and authenticity of data. The decentralized nature of blockchain minimizes the risks of centralized control, such as hacking or fraud, as altering data on the blockchain requires consensus from the majority of network participants. Furthermore, blockchain’s immutability ensures that once a transaction is recorded, it cannot be altered or erased, providing an additional layer of security.Looking ahead, blockchain's potential continues to expand. Future developments are focused on enhancing scalability, integrating with emerging technologies like AI and IoT, and enabling decentralized applications such as smart contracts and decentralized finance (DeFi) [3]. With its promise of a secure, transparent, and efficient digital ecosystem, blockchain is poised to reshape various sectors globally