ROLE OF PROBIOTICS IN SUSTAINABLE SHRIMP FARMING ALONG BALASORE COAST, ORISSA

The present study has been undertaken to know the role of probiotics in sustainable shrimp farming along the coastal Balasore of Orissa. The hydrological parameters like water temperature, pH, salinity, transparency and alkalinity were observed weekly where as hardness was observed every 20 days of culture (DOC) for a period of six month and dissolved oxygen was observed every day in the early morning and evening throughout the culture beginning from 30 days of culture. The highest water temperature was observed to be 30.3ºC and the lowest was 25.33ºC. The highest water pH was observed be 8.53 and the lowest was 7.26. The highest salinity was observed to be 24.66 ppm and lowest was 11.66 ppm. The highest transparency was observed to be 43 cm and lowest was 17 cm. Likewise, the highest carbonate was observed to be 57.33 ppm and lowest was 11.33 ppm. The highest bicarbonate alkalinity was observed being 285 ppm and lowest was 100 ppm. The hardness varied from 8443 ppm to 3533 ppm. The highest and lowest dissolved oxygen was observed to be 4.53 ppm and 3.53 ppm during culture period. Five different commercial brands of Probiotics of unique composition were used for different ponds during every month. Though bacterial load present inside the culture ponds throughout the culture period it does not show any problem due to application of probiotics which helped for suppression and maintaining of a clean and hygienic environment for sustainable shrimp culture. &nbsp

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEAF, FLOWER, AND BARK OF A MEDICINAL PLANT, CRATAEVA MAGNA (LOUR.) DC

ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this work was to perform preliminary screening of the phytoconstituents present in the leaf, flower, and bark of a valuablemedicinal plant, Crataeva magna (Lour.) DC.Methods: Phytochemical analysis of the leaf, flower, and bark extracts was done using various solvent by standard methods as described by Harborne(1973).Results: Six different extracts each for leaf, flower, and bark were screened. Saponins were present in all the extracts of leaf, flower, and bark, whereasnot a single extract showed the presence of steroids. Five extracts of flower and four extracts of leaf and bark indicated the prevalence of flavonoids.Similarly, four extracts of bark and three extracts of leaf and flower showed the incidence of tannins. Terpenoids occurred only in the aqueous extractsof leaf and flower, whereas alkaloids were found only in two and one extract(s) of leaf and bark, respectively. Phenolic compounds were not found inany of the bark extracts, but three and two extracts of leaf and flower showed their presence.Conclusion: The preliminary phytochemical analysis of this medicinal plant indicated that these plant parts can be exploited by scientists in generaland the pharmaceutical industries in particular for the designing of new drugs.Keywords: Bark, Crataeva magna, Flower, Leaf, Medicinal plant, Phytochemical analysis

Minimal TestCase Generation for Object-Oriented Software with State Charts

Today statecharts are a de facto standard in industry for modeling system behavior. Test data generation is one of the key issues in software testing. This paper proposes an reduction approach to test data generation for the state-based software testing. In this paper, first state transition graph is derived from state chart diagram. Then, all the required information are extracted from the state chart diagram. Then, test cases are generated. Lastly, a set of test cases are minimized by calculating the node coverage for each test case. It is also determined that which test cases are covered by other test cases. The advantage of our test generation technique is that it optimizes test coverage by minimizing time and cost. The present test data generation scheme generates test cases which satisfy transition path coverage criteria, path coverage criteria and action coverage criteria. A case study on Railway Ticket Vending Machine (RTVM) has been presented to illustrate our approach.Comment: 21 pages, 7 figures, 3-4 tables; International Journal of Software Engineering & Applications (IJSEA), Vol.3, No.4, July 2012. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1206.037

A note on comonotonicity and positivity of the control components of decoupled quadratic FBSDE

In this small note we are concerned with the solution of Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equations (FBSDE) with drivers that grow quadratically in the control component (quadratic growth FBSDE or qgFBSDE). The main theorem is a comparison result that allows comparing componentwise the signs of the control processes of two different qgFBSDE. As a byproduct one obtains conditions that allow establishing the positivity of the control process.Comment: accepted for publicatio

Seasonal variation of some physicochemical parameters of the Chilika lagoon (east coast of India) after opening the new mouth, near Sipakuda

206-208Some physicochemical parameters [temperature, transparency, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and nutrients, nitrate, phosphate and silicate] were studied during February 2001 to January 2002 at five locations in Chilika lagoon. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of the new mouth opened at Sipakuda in order to facilitate water exchange between the lagoon and the sea. High values of temperature 35.3ºC and salinity about 32 ppt were noticed near the mouth during the hot and dry premonsoon and postmonsoon periods respectively. The overall average salinity ranged from 0.32 – 32.0 ppt recorded at the northern sector (Kalupadaghat) and near the mouth. The maximum secchi disc value was 0.91 m only. Dissolved oxygen content and pH ranged from 3.9 to 13.9 ml/l and 6.4 to 9.8 respectively. The nutrient contents showed distinct seasonal and spatial variation. Higher phosphate value than the nitrate is a noteworthy feature during the present study period, which could be due to the addition of phosphate through the land drainage. Visible changes have been noticed in spatio-temporal variations of physico-chemical parameters as a result of the opening of new mouth

Assessment of Anthropogenically Stressed Ecosystem of Port Waters Using Macrobenthic Community-Biotic Indices

Macrobenthic community being used as marine health indictor vis-à-vis to anthropogenic disturbance since their characteristic of life cycle (reproductive mode, sedentary, energy transfer, sensitive-resistance species, indicator organism etc.). Therefore, the present study was chosen in Vizag port waters have been subject to a variety of anthropogenic pressure in the last two decades. The purpose of this study was to assess the ecological status of the port environment through biotic indices like AZTI 's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI) and Multivariate-AMBI Index (M-AMBI) which have been successfully validated geographically and anthropogenically stressed habitats. The result revealed that the inner harbor (IHC, Iron ore Q1 &amp; Iron ore Q7) stations are heavily disturbed while the outer harbor fall between undisturbed and moderately disturbed status. It was observed that the reduced tidal action inside the harbor determines the health status indicating that the Iron ore transporting areas are at high risk with respect to benthic population.</jats:p