Multiplexing scheme for simplified entanglement-based large-alphabet quantum key distribution

We propose a practical quantum cryptographic scheme which combines high information capacity, such as provided by high-dimensional quantum entanglement, with the simplicity of a two-dimensional Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt (CHSH) Bell test for security verification. By applying a state combining entanglement in a two-dimensional degree of freedom, such as photon polarization, with high-dimensional correlations in another degree of freedom, such as photon orbital angular momentum (OAM) or path, the scheme provides a considerably simplified route towards security verification in quantum key distribution (QKD) aimed at exploiting high-dimensional quantum systems for increased secure key rates. It also benefits from security against collective attacks and is feasible using currently available technologies.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Comparative growth and survival of fry of Clarias gariepinus (B), Clarias anguillaris (L), Heterobranchus bidorsalis (G), Heteroclarias, Clariabranchus and Clarias hybrids under outdoor nursery management system

Hybrids of Clariid catfishes; C. gariepinus (Netherlands), C. anguillaris, H. bidorsalis and their parental species were monitored for 8 weeks in 2 x 2 x 1m outdoor concrete tanks. The fry were fed NIFFR diet (40% crude protein) twice daily, 7 days of the week. Growth and survival records were taken weekly. The male HEB X female CLG hybrid showed an overall highest performance in growth rate while the lowest was recorded in male CLA X female CLG hybrid. The male HEB X female CLG hybrid grew at a faster rate than its reciprocal hybrid. In view or their growth rate, it is possible that the growth and survival rates or H. bidorsalis especially at the fry to fingerling stage could be improved through hybridization. The hybrid have potential as commercial food fis

UTILIZATION OF TRADITIONAL COMMUNICATION MEDIA (TCM) FOR INNOVATION DISSEMINATION IN OBAFEMI OWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF OGUN STATE

The study examined various traditional communication media (TCM) used by rural farmers as sources of information to improve their production in Obafemi Owode Local Government Area of Ogun State. Data were drawn from a sample of one hundred and twenty (120) randomly selected farmers using a structure interview schedule. The obtained data were described with frequency and analyzed using chi-square test. The results indicated that majority (62.8%) of farmers commonly received innovations through TCM such as discussion groups, market places, agriculture-based festivals, visits, cooperative society, traditional meetings, community elders, village squares, and relations. and found them effective. A significant relationship was established between farmers’ perceptions of effectiveness TCM and effectiveness of TCM .The variables that had significant relationship with TCM was socio-cultural lifestyles of farmers (χ2 = 49.9, α =0.05) and farmers’ level of education (χ2=95.58, α =0.05) Based on the findings, it is pertinent to direct deliberate efforts towards the integration of traditional media of communication into the innovation delivery system for rural farmers.Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

Growth performance of Heteroclarias fed maggot meal at varying inclusion levels

70-day growth trial was conducted with Heteroclarias: Heterobranchus bidorsalis X Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 0.64~c0.006g) fed diets based on various inclusion levels of Maggot Meal. The fishmeal in the control diet was replaced with maggot meals at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% levels to supply 40% crude protein in the final diets. The trails were conducted in glass tanks (60cmx30cmx30cm). Evaluation of growth parameters and nutrient utilization of the fish was based on weight gains, protein intake, protein efficiency ratio, net protein utilization, feed conversion efficiency and carcass analysis. Best growth and feed conversion efficiency were obtained with the 75% dietary inclusion of maggot meal. There was no significant differences (P>0.055) between the group of fish on 50% and 75% dietary inclusion maggot meal in growth performance and protein efficiency ratio but, there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the NPU (Net Protein Utilization) and protein gain between the control diet and those fed on maggot meals. There was no marked variation in the survival rate of fish on all diet

Extruded flakes from pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum)-carrot (Daucus carota) blended flours-production, nutritional and sensory attributes

Open Access JournalMillet flour (M) and carrot flour(C) were produced and blended in the ratios 100M:0C, 95M:5C, 90M:10C, 85M:15C and 80M:20C respectively to produce extruded flakes. The composite flours were subjected to analysis of the proximate and mineral composition, as well as functional and pasting properties. Extruded flakes were analyzed for proximate composition, total carotenoids, colour and sensory evaluation. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the proximate, functional and pasting properties but there were significant differences (p 0.05) affected by extrusion cooking. In terms of the lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), 100% millet flakes had the least values of 50.09, 0.076 and 10.39 respectively. Sample with 85M:15C had the overall acceptance score of 7.25. In terms of colour and taste, the sample with 90M:10C had the highest scores of 8.50 and 6.50 respectively. Sample with 85M: 15C was most preferred in terms of crunchiness. The results indicate that pearl millet and carrot are rich in different nutrient when blended in the right proportions to make composite flour, it would produce nutrient-dense food product rich in protein, vitamin Aand minerals

Effects of Raw Ethanolic Seed Extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum on Heamatological and Histopathological Parameters in Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei

Study was carried out to determine the heamatological and histopathological effects of raw ethanolic seed extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Standard methods were employed to determine the heamatological, histopathological indices and biochemical assay. The experimental mice were acclimatized for seven days before the commencement of treatment. Mice were grouped into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) of four mice each. The mice in group B were treated with a standard antimalarial drug (chloroquine as positive control) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, while mice in groups D, E and F was administered with increasing dosages (200, 400, 600 mg/kg body weight) of seed extracts for four consecutive days respectively. Group C (Normal control) served as mice that was not infected and treated. Heamatological analysis revealed an increase in Packed Cell Volume, Red Blood Cells, Heamoglobin and Platelet values of all mice in groups D, E and F (mice administered different concentrations of the extract). Mice in group B (chloroquine treated group) have the highest value. Mice in group A (negative control) exhibited lowest values of Heamoglobin, Platelet, Red blood cells, and Packed Cell Volume. There was significant increase in the levels of Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase in group A (infected and not treated) compared to mice in groups C, D, and E. Restorative effects of seed extract was observed on the liver and kidney of mice at dose levels (400 and 600 mg/kg) used, but the seed extract at the dose of 600 mg/kg was observed to have adverse effects on the liver of the mice. This study therefore shows that Tetracarpidium conophorum was able to boost the formation of heamatological indices and was not toxic to the organs (liver and kidney) in mice

Language Use and Communication Artifacts in GSM Adverts in Nigeria

This is a sociolinguistic study of communication and language use in GSM adverts in Nigeria. The study was conducted to identify certain sociolinguistic strategies employed in GSM adverts in Nigeria. Our findings reveal that such strategies include: code choice, ethnography, semiotics and neologisms. The study has once again revealed that language choice especially in a multilingual community like Nigeria follows certain patterns and typology based on demographic, situational and attitudinal variants controlled by socio-cultural norms of communicative appropriateness

drei fMRT-Studien

Die vorliegende publikationsbasierte Promotion untersucht die neurobiologischen Grundlagen motivationaler und emotionaler Verarbeitungsprozesse bei Patienten mit Panikstörung (PS) mit und ohne Agoraphobie. Es soll eine Aussage darüber getroffen werden, ob Patienten mit PS Dysfunktionen in der Belohnungsverarbeitung aufweisen, die im Zusammenhang mit bestimmten Temperamentsmerkmalen stehen. Zum anderen soll untersucht werden, ob sich ihre Aktivierungsmuster bei emotionalen visuellen Reizen von Gesunden und anderen Diagnosegruppen unterscheiden. Außerdem ist es Ziel, für Patienten mit PS charakteristische funktionelle Aktivierungsmuster bei der Ankündigung Angstspezifischer Reize zu identifizieren. Es wurden Patienten mit Panikstörung sowie Kontrollgruppen mittels funktioneller Magnetresonanztomographie (fMRT), während der Darbietung affektiver Bilder und während der Durchführung eines Belohnungsparadigmas (Monetary Incentive Delay Task) untersucht. Bei dem Belohnungsparadigma wird den Teilnehmern in Aussicht gestellt, dass sie im nächsten Moment Geld gewinnen oder verlieren können. Währenddessen kann die Aktivierung im ventralen Striatum (VS) untersucht werden, einer Region des mesolimbischen Systems, welches eine zentrale Rolle im Belohnungssystem spielt. Zusätzlich wurde der Einfluss von den Temperamentdimensionen Schadensvermeidung und Neugierde-Verhalten (Das Temperament- und Charakter-Inventar, TCI) geprüft. Bei dem Experiment zur Emotionsinduktion wurden den Teilnehmern im Scanner positive und aversive Bilder dargeboten. Um Einblicke in die für Panikstörung mit und ohne Agoraphobie spezifische funktionelle Neuroanatomie zu gewinnen, wurde ein Experiment (Westphal-Paradigma) mit Agoraphobie-spezifischen Bildszenen durchgeführt, welche entweder angekündigt oder unangekündigt dargeboten wurden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Patienten mit PS, während der Erwartung eines Gewinns im Vergleich zu Gesunden eine verminderte Aktivität im ventralen VS aufweisen, während sie bei der Erwartung eines Verlusts stärkere Aktivierungen als die gesunden Kontrollprobanden zeigen. Dabei hatte auch eine spezifische Temperamentkomponente einen Einfluss: Patienten mit PS, die hohe Punktwerte in Schadensvermeidung aufweisen, hatten stärkere Aktivierungen im VS bei Verlust-Antizipation und niedrigere Aktivierungen bei Gewinn-Antizipation. Patienten mit PS unterschieden sich in ihrer Emotionsverarbeitung bei positiven oder aversiven Bildern nicht signifikant von gesunden Kontrollen oder Patienten mit anderen psychiatrischen Erkrankungen. Für die Angstbezogenen Bildinhalte zeigten sich Aktivierungen in rechter Insula, Precuneus (bilateral) und parahippocampalen Kortex. Die Aktivierung unterschied sich dabei in Abhängigkeit, ob eine agoraphobische Bildszene vorher angekündigt wurde oder nicht. Angekündigte Angst- Bilder evozierten eine verstärkte Amygdala-Aktivierung. Darüber hinaus zeigte sich während 3 der Antizipation eines folgenden Angstbildes eine signifikante Aktivierung in Insula und Amygdala. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass Diagnosebezogene neuronale Dysfunktionen bei Patienten mit Panikstörungen die Antizipationsverarbeitung betreffen. Eine mögliche Implikation für die psychotherapeutische Behandlung könnte eine stärkere Fokussierung auf die Erwartungsprozesse der Patienten sein.This dissertation investigates neurobiological correlates of motivational and emotional processing in patients with panic disorder (PD) with and without agoraphobia. A statement is to be made about potential dysfunctions in the reward system of patients with PD and related temperament characteristics. Besides we examined, whether their activation patterns in response to emotional visual stimuli differ from those of healthy controls and other diagnostic groups. Another aim is to identify characteristic functional activation patterns for PD-patients, while expecting anxiety-specific stimuli. Patients with PD and controls were examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging, during the presentation of affective images and during the performance of a reward paradigm (Monetary Incentive Delay Task). In the reward paradigm, participants were announced to win or lose money in the next moment, while activation in the ventral striatum, a region of the mesolimbic system that plays an important role in the reward system can be assessed. In addition, the influence of harm avoidance and novelty seeking (The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI)) was examined. In the experiment on emotional processing, the participants saw affectively positive and aversive images. In order to gain insights into the functional neuroanatomy specific for PD with agoraphobia, an experiment (Westphal paradigm) was performed, with agoraphobia-specific images, which were either announced before or not. The results show that patients with PD show decreased activity in the ventral striatum (VS) during the expectation of gain compared to healthy individuals, while patients with panic disorder show stronger activations than healthy control subjects during the expectation of loss. A specific temperament component also had an influence: Patients with PD scoring high at harm avoidance had stronger activations in the VS, while loss anticipation and lower activations while gain anticipation. Patients with PD did not differ significantly in their emotion processing from healthy controls or patients with other psychiatric diseases. A specific activation pattern was found for the agoraphobia-related images. The activation differed depending on whether an agoraphobic image scene was previously announced or not. While uncued images caused a stronger BOLD response in the right precuneus, an increased amygdala activation could be observed when an anxiety image was previously announced. In addition, a significant amygdala and Insula activation was already observed during the anticipation of a subsequent anxiety image. These results suggest that neuronal dysfunctions affects anticipation processing in patients with PD. A possible implication for psychotherapeutic treatment could be a stronger focus on patients' expectation processes

Experimental high-dimensional two-photon entanglement and violations of generalised Bell inequalities

Quantum entanglement plays a vital role in many quantum information and communication tasks. Entangled states of higher dimensional systems are of great interest due to the extended possibilities they provide. For example, they allow the realisation of new types of quantum information schemes that can offer higher information-density coding and greater resilience to errors than can be achieved with entangled two-dimensional systems. Closing the detection loophole in Bell test experiments is also more experimentally feasible when higher dimensional entangled systems are used. We have measured previously untested correlations between two photons to experimentally demonstrate high-dimensional entangled states. We obtain violations of Bell-type inequalities generalised to d-dimensional systems with up to d = 12. Furthermore, the violations are strong enough to indicate genuine 11-dimensional entanglement. Our experiments use photons entangled in orbital angular momentum (OAM), generated through spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC), and manipulated using computer controlled holograms