Effects of Raw Ethanolic Seed Extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum on Heamatological and Histopathological Parameters in Swiss Albino Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei

Study was carried out to determine the heamatological and histopathological effects of raw ethanolic seed extract of Tetracarpidium conophorum in swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei (NK65). Standard methods were employed to determine the heamatological, histopathological indices and biochemical assay. The experimental mice were acclimatized for seven days before the commencement of treatment. Mice were grouped into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F) of four mice each. The mice in group B were treated with a standard antimalarial drug (chloroquine as positive control) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight, while mice in groups D, E and F was administered with increasing dosages (200, 400, 600 mg/kg body weight) of seed extracts for four consecutive days respectively. Group C (Normal control) served as mice that was not infected and treated. Heamatological analysis revealed an increase in Packed Cell Volume, Red Blood Cells, Heamoglobin and Platelet values of all mice in groups D, E and F (mice administered different concentrations of the extract). Mice in group B (chloroquine treated group) have the highest value. Mice in group A (negative control) exhibited lowest values of Heamoglobin, Platelet, Red blood cells, and Packed Cell Volume. There was significant increase in the levels of Alanine Transaminase and Aspartate Transaminase in group A (infected and not treated) compared to mice in groups C, D, and E. Restorative effects of seed extract was observed on the liver and kidney of mice at dose levels (400 and 600 mg/kg) used, but the seed extract at the dose of 600 mg/kg was observed to have adverse effects on the liver of the mice. This study therefore shows that Tetracarpidium conophorum was able to boost the formation of heamatological indices and was not toxic to the organs (liver and kidney) in mice

Konsep Agama Suku Wana Tentang Kematian, Implikasinya Bagi Misi Kristen di Wana

Wana, one of the tribes in Central Sulawesi, has a custom of demolishing houses and moving when one of the inhabitants dies. This custom is an expression of their fear of death. In theory, cultural activities around death are always associated with religious concepts. This study aims to explore the religious ideas behind their habits. The research method used was an ethnographic study using an interview as data collection techniques. Informants are 8 (eight) original Wana people. Data is analyzed through reduction, display, and conclusions/verification. The results show that the custom is related to the religious concept they professed regarding death. According to the Wana, death is related to Pue, the end of everything, and caused by evil spirits. The Purpose of dismantling the house and moving after death is to avoid the influence of evil spirits against the living. For Christian mission activities that want to contribute to the development in Wana, the results show that religious concept needs to be transformed through a contextual approach

Influence of poultry composted manure on soil organic carbon and selected soil properties under Tomato cultivation

Soil quality improvements provide an environment for plant nutrient uptake that impacts the development and yield of the crop. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of applied poultry composted organic manure (PCOM) on selected soil physical attributes and soil organic carbon content (SOC) under two tomatoes (UC82B and BESKE) varieties planted in succession. Three rates 0, 10 and 20 t ha-1 of compost were applied to two tomato varieties. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design (split-plot layout). The soil physical parameters considered are - bulk density, aggregate stability, total porosity and SOC. It was observed that application of PCOM increased SOC, total porosity, aggregate stability and decreased the bulk density in the cropped tomato area. The SOC was highest in 10 t ha-1 of PCOM. Application of 10 t ha-1 compost is adequate to improve carbon content and soil physical properties for a fragile soil

Screening nuclear field fluctuations in quantum dots for indistinguishable photon generation

A semiconductor quantum dot can generate highly coherent and indistinguishable single photons. However, intrinsic semiconductor dephasing mechanisms can reduce the visibility of two-photon interference. For an electron in a quantum dot, a fundamental dephasing process is the hyperfine interaction with the nuclear spin bath. Here we directly probe the consequence of the fluctuating nuclear spins on the elastic and inelastic scattered photon spectra from a resident electron in a single dot. We find the nuclear spin fluctuations lead to detuned Raman scattered photons which are distinguishable from both the elastic and incoherent components of the resonance fluorescence. This significantly reduces two-photon interference visibility. However, we demonstrate successful screening of the nuclear spin noise which enables the generation of coherent single photons that exhibit high visibility two-photon interference.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures + Supplementary Informatio

Cantharanthus Roseus Leaf Extract Accelerates Healing Of Wound Wistar Rat

Cantharantus roseus (C. roseus) is a medical plant that has been used to treat various diseases. This study was carried to determine C. roseus leaf extract able to acclerate wound healing in Wistar rat. Full skin-tickness round wounds were created on the back of the rats. Wound healing was evaluated after treated with 15% of a mixture of leaf extract of C. roseus and vaseline. The rats were divided into two groups, each group consist of 16 rats. Wound healing was assesed in five and fifteen days after treatment by measuring wound area, wound closure, and counting the new capillary vessel number (angiogenesis). The result of the study indicated that extract of C. roseus leaf accelerates the wound healing in Wistar rat. Coverage rate of wound is faster on treated group than control group (p<0.05). Wound closure and angiogenesis in early wound healing were higher in treated group than control group (p<0.05). These results suggested that the first phase of wound healing was shortened, and the proliferative and maturation phases were advanced by methanol extract of C. roseus leaf. Therefore, it can be concluded that C. roseus could be potential to help in topical management of wound healing

Coherent Parton Showers with Local Recoils

We outline a new formalism for dipole-type parton showers which maintain exact energy-momentum conservation at each step of the evolution. Particular emphasis is put on the coherence properties, the level at which recoil effects do enter and the role of transverse momentum generation from initial state radiation. The formulated algorithm is shown to correctly incorporate coherence for soft gluon radiation. Furthermore, it is well suited for easing matching to next-to-leading order calculations.Comment: 24 pages, 3 figure

Molecular epidemiology of pneumococci obtained from Gambian children aged 2-29 months with invasive pneumococcal disease during a trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

BACKGROUND: The study describes the molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in Gambian children METHODS: One hundred and thirty-two S. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from children aged 2-29 months during the course of a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine trial conducted in The Gambia of which 131 were characterized by serotyping, antibiotic susceptibility, BOX-PCR and MLST. RESULTS: Twenty-nine different serotypes were identified; serotypes 14, 19A, 12F, 5, 23F, and 1 were common and accounted for 58.3% of all serotypes overall. MLST analysis showed 72 sequence types (STs) of which 46 are novel. eBURST analysis using the stringent 6/7 identical loci definition, grouped the isolates into 17 clonal complexes and 32 singletons. The population structure of the 8 serotype 1 isolates obtained from 4 vaccinated and 2 unvaccinated children were the same (ST 618) except that one (ST3336) of the isolates from an unvaccinated child had a novel ST which is a single locus variant of ST 618. CONCLUSION: We provide the first background data on the genetic structure of S. pneumoniae causing IPD prior to PC7V use in The Gambia. This data will be important for assessing the impact of PC7V in post-vaccine surveillance from The Gambia

Determinants of entrepreneurial propensity of Nigerian undergraduates: an empirical assessment

The specific factors that influence the entrepreneurial inclination of students were studied with a view to designing appropriate policies on entrepreneurship within tertiary institutions. The sample for the study consisted of 7,560 students from a total of 25 tertiary institutions with 83% response rate. While we found that entrepreneurial interest among Nigerian students is quite high, the expression of this interest in practice is rather low. The main factors found to significantly explain entrepreneurial interest are parents‟ educational qualifications, family entrepreneurial history, family socio-demographics, students‟ entrepreneurial experience, and students‟ socio-demographics. Of the fourteen variables identified as being central in encouraging students‟ entrepreneurial interests, only five can be defined as necessary, though but not sufficient, conditions to stimulate interest: gender, number of children by father, position among mother's children, father's monthly income and entrepreneurial education. This has policy implications both for government and the institutions. The study is the first of its magnitude in Nigeria and provides baseline information for researchers and policy makers who need to better understand the dynamics of entrepreneurship among Nigerian youth.entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial interest; students; tertiary institutions; Nigeria