Improved Cyberbullying Detection Through Personal Profiles

Online social networks brought a new definition to relationships and communications. One may have hundreds of friends in cyberspace without even having seen their real faces. Along with this transition there is increasing evidence that bullying has transformed as well, from school yards to internet precincts – cyberbullying. Although bullying draws a lot of attention, due to its technical aspects, cyberbullying is not fully understood yet. State-of-the-art studies in cyberbullying detection have mainly focused on the sentiment of terms and the content of conversations, while largely ignoring the involved actors and their interactions. A funny chat between teenage friends, just because of having foul words, can be flagged as bullying while a tenacious intruder with subtle but hurtful comments sneaks out. We hypothesize that incorporation of the potential victim’s profile and their characteristics, into cyberbullying detection improves the discrimination capacity of the procedure. This study outlines a framework for this faceted approach. Our study demonstrated that deploying gender-specific and age-specific features improve the cyberbullying detection accuracy for the MySpace dataset, compared to the conventional approaches. Analysis showed that authors’ information can be leveraged to discriminate between harassing posts and the bullying ones. The main limitation of our experiment was the limited size of the dataset. A larger and more diverse dataset should be developed for future work in cyberbullying detection. Other features which may differentiate writing styles, such as profession, and educational level can also be investigated in this matter. In future stages this approach will be extended by considering the behaviour of actors across social networks, and how they react to a potentially cyberbullying incident. A second line of future research will be to address the various use scenarios for the detection of bullying as well as the corresponding detection approaches that may be required in each of the different types of cyber contexts

Scope of negation detection in sentiment analysis

An important part of information-gathering behaviour has always been to find out what other people think and whether they have favourable (positive) or unfavourable (negative) opinions about the subject. This survey studies the role of negation in an opinion-oriented information-seeking system. We investigate the problem of determining the polarity of sentiments in movie reviews when negation words, such as not and hardly occur in the sentences. We examine how different negation scopes (window sizes) affect the classification accuracy. We used term frequencies to evaluate the discrimination capacity of our system with different window sizes. The results show that there is no significant difference in classification accuracy when different window sizes have been applied. However, negation detection helped to identify more opinion or sentiment carrying expressions. We conclude that traditional negation detection methods are inadequate for the task of sentiment analysis in this domain and that progress is to be made by exploiting information about how opinions are expressed implicitly

Synthesis of iron-doped TiO2 for degradation of reactive Orange16

In this study the optimum conditions for preparing the iron-doped TiO(2) nanoparticles were investigated. Samples were synthesized by sol–gel impregnation method. Three effective parameters were optimized using Taguchi method, consisted of: (i) atomic ratios of Fe to Ti; (ii) sintering temperature; (iii) sintering time. The characterization of samples was determined using X-ray diffraction, BET- specific surface area, UV- Vis reflectance spectra (DRS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The XRD patterns of the samples indicated the existence of anatase crystal phase in structure. UV- Vis reflectance spectra showed an enhancement in light absorbance in the visible region (wavelength > 400 nm) for iron-doped samples. The photocatalytic activity of samples was investigated by the degradation of RO 16 (RO 16) dye under UV irradiation. The results illustrated that the photocatalytic activity of iron-doped TiO(2) was more than pure TiO(2), because of the smaller crystal size, grater BET surface area and higher light absorption ability

Characterization of cancer/testis antigen MAGE-A11 for immunotherapy of prostate cancer

Les antigènes testiculaires du cancer sont des cibles idéales pour l’immunothérapie du cancer car ce sont des protéines immunogéniques dont l’expression est restreinte aux cellules germinales et au cancer. Le but de cette étude est d’évaluer le potentiel de MAGE-A11, un antigène testiculaire du cancer, comme cible pour développer un vaccin contre le cancer de la prostate. Pour ce faire, l’anticorps monoclonal 5C4 qui a la capacité de reconnaître la présence de MAGE-A11 dans les tissus fixés et inclus en paraffine a été produit. De plus, l’expression de MAGE-A11 a été analysée sur plusieurs lignées de cellules cancéreuses. Il a été démontré que MAGE-A11 est exprimé dans plusieurs types de cancers notamment dans le cancer du côlon et du cerveau. Finalement, nous avons identifié trois épitopes du CMH classe II HLA-DR1 dans la protéine MAGE-A11 confirmant ainsi l’immunogénicité de cet antigène et son potentiel comme cible pour l’immunothérapie du cancer.Cancer/testis antigens are ideal targets for cancer immunotherapy because of their limited expression in normal tissues, aberrant expression in malignancies and their immunogenic properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of cancer/testis antigen, MAGE-A11, as an immunotherapeutic target for development of a prostate cancer vaccine. To accomplish this, we produced the monoclonal antibody 5C4 that is capable of recognizing MAGE-A11 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. We also investigated the expression of MAGE-A11 in a wide variety of cancer cell lines to determine the scope of its expression in cancer. It was shown that MAGE-A11 is widely expressed in malignancies. The highest MAGE-A11 expression was observed in colon cancer and astrocytoma brain tumors. Finally, we identified three naturally processed MHC class II HLA-DR1 epitopes in MAGE-A11 protein, thus confirming its immunogenicity and its potential as a target for cancer immunotherapy

Randomized control trials on Otago exercise program (OEP) to reduce falls among elderly community dwellers in Shahroud, Iran

Background: Fall is a worldwide health problem among elderly people and a known leading cause of disabilities. Fall prevention programs have been implemented in various forms. The Otago exercise program (OEP) is one of the most recent home-base exercise training program. Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of OEP to reduce falls among elderly people in Shahroud, IR Iran. Materials and Methods: This randomised control trial was conducted among the elderly community dwellers in Shahroud city of the Semnan province, IR Iran, with experience of falls in the last 12 months. Subjects of the study (n = 317) were recruited from elderly senior citizens at public health centers. Block systematic random sampling was applied to categorize the subjects in experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n = 160) received OEP for six months and was compared with the control group (n = 157) who received general health training. This study was registered with the following ID, IRCT2014012016285N1. Results: The findings of the study showed that OEP improved physical performance (Berg-Balance-Score with P > 0.025, and Timed-Up-Go-Test with P > 0.017) and functional capacity (Arm-Curl-Test with P > 0.00 and Chair-Stand-Test with P > 0.01). In addition, OEP significantly reduced the incidence of falls (P ≤ 0.00) among senior citizens in the experimental group. Discussion: The OEP as a home-based exercise is effective for the reduction of the incidence of falls among senior citizens with a history of falls. The OEP can be recommended for elderly homebound people who do not have access to facilities