Accuracy in the estimation of children's food portion sizes against a food picture book by parents and early educators

Validated methodological aids for food quantification are needed for the accurate estimation of food consumption. Our objective was to assess the validity of an age-specific food picture book, which contains commonly eaten foods among Finnish children, for parents and early educators in estimating food portion sizes. The food picture book was developed to assist in portion size estimation when filling in food records in the Increased health and wellbeing in preschools (DAGIS) study. All ninety-five food pictures in the book, each containing three or four different portion sizes, were evaluated at real-time sessions. Altogether, seventy-three parents and 107 early educators or early education students participated. Each participant evaluated twenty-three or twenty-four portions by comparing presented pre-weighed food portions against the corresponding picture from the food picture book. Food portions were not consumed by participants. The total proportion of correct estimations varied from 36% (cottage cheese) to 100% (fish fingers). Among the food groups, nearly or over 90% of the estimations were correct for bread, pastries and main courses (piece products' such as meatballs and chicken nuggets). Soups, porridges, salads and grated and fresh vegetables were least correctly estimated (Peer reviewe

Like parent, like child? : Dietary resemblance in families

Background: Studies investigating dietary resemblance between parents and their children have gained mixed results, and the resemblance seems to vary across nutrients, foods, dietary-assessment tools used, and parent-child pairs. We investigated parent-child dietary resemblance using a novel approach in applying statistical analysis, which allowed the comparison of 'whole-diet' between parents and their children. Additionally, we sought to establish whether sociodemographic factors or family meals were associated with dietary resemblance and whether parent-child dietary resemblance was dependent on the parent providing food consumption data on behalf of the child (father or mother, "the respondent"). Methods: The DAGIS study investigated health behaviors among Finnish preschoolers using a cross-sectional design. One parent filled in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) measuring the child's food consumption outside preschool hours during the last week. In addition, we instructed both parents or legal guardians, should the child have two, to fill in a similar FFQ regarding their own food use. Parents also reported their educational level, the number of children living in the same household, and the number of family meals. As a measure of dietary resemblance between a parent and a child, we computed Spearman correlations ranging mostly from no resemblance (0) to complete resemblance (+1) between parent-child pairs over the 'whole-diet' (excluding preschool hours). These resemblance measures were further investigated using linear mixed models. Results: We obtained 665 father-child and 798 mother-child resemblance measures. Mother-child resemblance was on average 0.57 and stronger than father-child resemblance (0.50, p <0.0001), which was explained by a parent-respondent interaction: the diet of the child resembled more the diet of the parent who provided food consumption data for the child. In univariate models, father-and mother-reported number of family meals were positively associated with father-child and mother-child resemblances. Mother-reported number of family meals was positively associated with mother-child resemblance in a full model. Conclusions: The diet of the child seems to resemble more the diet of the parent responsible for the reporting of food consumption. Studies should report who provided the food consumption data for the child and take this into account in analyses, since reporter-bias can influence the results.Peer reviewe

HAMBATAN DAN UPAYA MAJELIS PENGAWAS DAERAH DALAM MELAKUKAN PENGAWASAN NOTARIS DI KOTA BANAJRMASIN

 Notaris merupakan pejabat umum yang mempunyai tugas dan kewajiban memberikan pelayanan dan konsultasi hukum kepada masyarakat yang membutuhkan. Bantuan hukum yang dapat diberikan oleh seorang notaris adalah dalam bentuk pembuatan akta otentik ataupun berbagai kewenangan lainnya yang telah diatur dalam peraturan perundang-undangan sehingga fungsi notaris sangat penting. Dalam menjalankan tugasnya, notaris di kota Banjarmasin diawasi oleh Majelis Pengawas Daerah Kota Banjarmasin. Saat ini banyak sekali notaris yang melakukan pelanggaran di berbagai daerah, hal tersebut tidak menutup kemungkinan juga terjadi di Kota Banjarmasin ditambah akibat pertumbuhan perekonomian di Kota Banjarmasin memberikan dampak yang signifikan pada kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap jasa notaris dalam pembuatan akta jual beli ataupun perjanjian lainnya. Penelitian ini mertupakan penelitian yuridis empiris, Pendekatan penelitian yuridis sosiologis dengan menggunakan data primer dengan melakukan wawancara, sekunder dengan melakukan studi kepustakaan. Hasil dan pembahasan menemukan bahwa terdapat beberapa hambatan yang terjadi di lapangan, mulai dari jarak, waktu hingga biaya dimana hal tersebut diselesaikan dengan upaya penjadwalan ulang pengawasan dan diperlukan sekretariat MPD di Kota Banjarmasin.Kata-Kunci: Hambatan, Upaya, Pengawasan, Notaris, Majelis PengawasDaerahNotaries are public officials who have the duty and obligation to provide legal services and consultations to people in need. Legal assistance that can be provided by a notary is in the form of making an authentic deed or various other authorities that have been regulated in laws and regulations so that the function of a notary is very important. In carrying out their duties, notaries in the city of Banjarmasin are supervised by the Regional Supervisory Council of the City of Banjarmasin. Currently, there are many notaries who commit violations in various regions, it is also possible that it will also occur in the City of Banjarmasin, plus the economic growth in the City of Banjarmasin has a significant impact on the community's need for notary services in making sale and purchase deeds or other agreements. This research is an empirical juridical research, a sociological juridical research approach using primary data by conducting interviews, secondary by conducting library research. The results and discussion found that there were several obstacles that occurred in the field, ranging from distance, time to cost where this was resolved by rescheduling the supervision and requiring an MPD secretariat in Banjarmasin City.Keywords: Obstacles, Efforts, Supervision, Notary, Regional Supervisory Counci

Interleukin-1β and HMGB-1 in lame horses

Ledinflammation eller osteoartrit (OA) är en vanlig orsak till hälta hos häst. De metoder som idag används för att diagnosticera ledinflammation är förhållandevis ospecifika och allt för ofta diagnosticeras ledinflammation när skadan har blivit irreversibel med radiologiska skelettförändringar. Genom att mäta förekomsten av olika inflammationsmediatorer vid OA kan denna kunskap i framtiden förhoppningsvis utnyttjas för tidig diagnostik och utvärdering av behandling. Syftet med denna pilotstudie är att studera förekomsten av de två proinflammatoriska cytokinerna interleukin (IL)-1β och high mobility group box protein (HMGB)-1 i ledvätska och serum från halta hästar och korrelera dessa till kliniska fynd. Studien innefattar 14 hästar som vid klinikbesök uppvisat en initialhälta. Undersökning av hästarna inkluderade uppgifter om tidigare sjukdomshistoria, objektiv hältbedömning med hjälp av Lameness Locator, diagnostiska ledanestesier och i vissa fall röntgen. Ledvätska och blodprov togs i samband med ledanestesi. Serum och ledvätska analyserades med kommersiellt tillgängliga ELISA-analyser. ELISA-analyserna för båda cytokinerna visade resultat som kunde upprepas. Endast i 6 av 29 ledvätskeprov kunde mätbara nivåer av IL-1β detekteras. I serum påvisades mätbara IL-1β nivåer i 11 av 16 prov. Koncentrationen IL-1β var högre i serum än i ledvätskan från alla hästar i studien. HMGB-1 detekterades i 24 av 29 ledvätskeprov med den högsta koncentrationen på 53,57 ng/ml. I serum kunde HMGB-1 mätas i 8 av 16 prov men endast i 2 av proven var koncentrationen över 2 ng/ml. Denna pilotstudie visar att de inflammatoriska cytokinerna HMGB-1 och IL-1β kan mätas i ledvätska och serum hos häst. De testade ELISA-metoderna ger säkra resultat som kan upprepas. Inga slutsatser kan dras om varför koncentrationen av HMGB-1 och IL-1β varierar i serum och ledvätska hos de provtagna hästarna. För att få en bättre uppfattning om förekomst och koncentration av IL-1β och HMGB-1 i ledvätska och serum bör framtida studier inkludera fler hästar. Dessutom bör hästar med likartade ledproblem, känd duration av ledproblemen och tidigare behandlingar inkluderas och jämföras med en väl definierad och åldersmatchad frisk kontrollgrupp.Osteoarthritis (OA) is a well known cause of lameness in horses. The methods currently used to diagnose OA are relatively nonspecific and OA is often diagnosed when the joint damage has become irreversible with radiographic skeletal changes. The presence of different inflammatory cytokines in synovial fluid and serum could aid in diagnosing early OA prior to irreversible changes. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the presence of two proinflammatory cytokines; interleukin (IL)-1β and high mobility group box protein (HMGB)-1 in synovial fluid and serum from lame horses and correlate the concentration of the cytokines to clinical findings. The study includes 14 horses presented at the university hospital (UDS) with initial lameness. The study included details of the horses past medical history, objective lameness evaluation with the lameness locator system, intraarticular anesthesia and in some cases radiography. Synovial fluid and blood samples were obtained when the intraarticular anesthesia were performed. Serum and synovial fluid were analysed with commercially available ELISAassays. The ELISA assays used presented repeatable concentrations for the two cytokines. Only 6 of 29 synovial fluid samples presented measurable levels of IL-1β. However, in serum IL-1β levels were detected in 11 of 16 samples. The concentration of IL-1β was higher in serum than in synovial fluid from all horses in the study. HMGB-1 was detected in 24 of 29 synovial fluid samples with the highest concentration of 53,57 ng/ml. HMGB-1 in serum was detected in 8 of 16 samples, with a concentration higher than 2 ng/ml in only 2 samples. This pilot study shows that the inflammatory cytokines HMGB-1 and IL-1β can be measured in synovial fluid and serum from horses. The ELISA methods tested gave repeatable result. However, no correlations between clinical symptoms and concentrations of HMGB-1 and IL-1β in serum and synovial fluid could be detected. To be able to correlate the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in synovial fluids and serum from lame horses, with type of OA and joint destruction, a large horse population must be included. The horses must also be presented with similar joint problems; known duration of lameness and previous treatment regimes. The study must also include a well-defined and age-matched control group

Numerical Model and System for Prediction and Reduction of Indoor COVID-19 Infection Risk

Airborne aerosol transmission is a significant route of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses in indoor environments. The developed numerical model assesses the risk of a COVID-19 infection in a room based on the measurements of temperature, relative humidity, CO2 and particle concentration, as well as the number of people and occurrences of speech, coughing, and sneezing obtained through a dedicated low-cost sensor system [1]. As the model operates faster than real-time, it can dynamically feed this information back to the measurement system or building management system, and it can activate an air purifier with filtration and UV-C disinfection when the predicted infection risk is high. This solution enhances energy efficiency as (1) lower ventilation intensity is necessary in the cold season to reach the same safety level and (2) the purifier is activated only if the predicted infection risk is above a certain threshold.The model is integral and takes into account the average values of simulated variables. However, it considers the inhomogeneous vertical distribution of concentration of droplets and aerosol particles. The droplets expelled by a potentially infectious person at a certain height through breathing, speaking, coughing, and sneezing are characterized by the total amount of expelled liquid, droplet size distribution and virus particle concentration. The rate of droplet evaporation depends on the temperature and relative humidity. Droplets are redistributed within the room vertically through turbulent diffusion and gravitational force. If the final droplet diameter is less than 5 mm, these particles are considered airborne and can leave the room only by ventilation, filtration, or by sedimentation on surfaces through Brownian diffusion. As a person in the room inhales these droplets and aerosols, the risk of infection increases as the number of absorbed virions grows, with the probability of infection being 50% when 300 virions have been inhaled.The parameter studies using the model indicate that the coughing and sneezing events greatly increase the probability of infection in the room, therefore the identification of these events is crucial for the applied measurement system. A method for determining the unknown ventilation intensity by measuring the number of people and the CO2 concentration is proposed and tested

Like parent, like child? : Dietary resemblance in families

Abstract Background Studies investigating dietary resemblance between parents and their children have gained mixed results, and the resemblance seems to vary across nutrients, foods, dietary-assessment tools used, and parent-child pairs. We investigated parent-child dietary resemblance using a novel approach in applying statistical analysis, which allowed the comparison of ‘whole-diet’ between parents and their children. Additionally, we sought to establish whether sociodemographic factors or family meals were associated with dietary resemblance and whether parent-child dietary resemblance was dependent on the parent providing food consumption data on behalf of the child (father or mother, “the respondent”). Methods The DAGIS study investigated health behaviors among Finnish preschoolers using a cross-sectional design. One parent filled in a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) measuring the child’s food consumption outside preschool hours during the last week. In addition, we instructed both parents or legal guardians, should the child have two, to fill in a similar FFQ regarding their own food use. Parents also reported their educational level, the number of children living in the same household, and the number of family meals. As a measure of dietary resemblance between a parent and a child, we computed Spearman correlations ranging mostly from no resemblance (0) to complete resemblance (+ 1) between parent-child pairs over the ‘whole-diet’ (excluding preschool hours). These resemblance measures were further investigated using linear mixed models. Results We obtained 665 father-child and 798 mother-child resemblance measures. Mother-child resemblance was on average 0.57 and stronger than father-child resemblance (0.50, p < 0.0001), which was explained by a parent-respondent interaction: the diet of the child resembled more the diet of the parent who provided food consumption data for the child. In univariate models, father- and mother-reported number of family meals were positively associated with father-child and mother-child resemblances. Mother-reported number of family meals was positively associated with mother-child resemblance in a full model. Conclusions The diet of the child seems to resemble more the diet of the parent responsible for the reporting of food consumption. Studies should report who provided the food consumption data for the child and take this into account in analyses, since reporter-bias can influence the results

Increased health and well-being in preschools (DAGIS) : rationale and design for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Effective interventions that target socioeconomic status (SES) differences to avoid the potential widening of inequalities in health are needed. Children at preschool age is a valuable intervention target since sedentary behaviors, physical activity (PA), dietary behaviors, and sleep habits, jointly called the energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs), are established in early childhood and tend to persist later in life. The interventions are most effective, when they focus on evidence-based factors. One potential factor associated with EBRBs and SES is children's stress regulation, which receives special attention in this study. Based on the socioecological approach, the combinations of multiple levels (e.g. individual, environmental, societal) of analysis and diverse methodologies (e.g. surveys, observations, biological measurements) are used to assess the healthfulness of environments (e.g. social, physical, learning, policy) in preschool and family settings. The intervention aimed to diminish SES differences in EBRBs is then conducted in the preschool setting. Methods/design: The DAGIS study is divided into two phases. The first phase comprises focus group interviews and a cross-sectional survey. Parents and preschool personnel in low SES neighborhoods participated in interviews about children's sedentary behaviors, dietary behaviors, and PA in 2014. In the cross-sectional survey beginning in autumn 2015, preschools will be recruited from a random sample of preschools in 3-5 municipalities in Southern Finland. A total of 800 children will wear an accelerometer for seven days. Children's hair and saliva samples will be taken. Parents and preschool personnel will complete questionnaires on EBRBs, social and physical environments and SES factors. The quality of preschool environment is also observed. In the second phase, an intervention targeting to narrowing SES differences in EBRBs is conducted. The effects of the intervention will be evaluated in randomised controlled trial. The implementation of the intervention will also be evaluated. Conclusion: If effective, this unique preschool-based study will be able to narrow the SES differences in preschool children's EBRBs. This study is anticipated to identify the most important modifiable factors in preschool and family environmental settings associated with children's EBRBs, especially in children from low SES backgrounds.Peer reviewe

Smithian platform-bearing gondolellid conodonts from Yiwagou Section, northwestern China and implications for their geographic distribution in the Early Triassic

Abundant platform-bearing gondolellid conodonts, including Scythogondolella mosheri (Kozur and Mostler), Sc. phryna Orchard and Zonneveld, and Sc. cf. milleri (Müller), have been discovered from the Yiwagou Section of Tewo, together with Novispathodus waageni waageni (Sweet) and Nv. w. eowaageni Zhao and Orchard. This is the first report of Smithian platform-bearing gondolellids from the Paleo-Tethys region. In addition, Eurygnathodus costatus Staesche, E. hamadai(Koike), Parafurnishius xuanhanensis Yang et al., and the genera Pachycladina Staesche, Parachirognathus Clark, and Hadrodontina Staesche have also been recovered from Dienerian to Smithian strata at Yiwagou Section. Three conodont zones are established, in ascending order: Eurygnathodus costatus-E. hamadai Assemblage Zone, Novispathodus waageni-Scythogondolella mosheri Assemblage Zone, and the Pachycladina-Parachirognathus Assemblage Zone. The platform-bearing gondolellids were globally distributed just after the end-Permian mass extinction, but the formerly abundant Clarkina Kozur disappeared in the late Griesbachian. Platform-bearing gondolellids dramatically decreased to a minimum of diversity and extent in the Dienerian before recovering in the Smithian. Scythogondolella Kozur, probably a thermophilic and eurythermic genus, lived in all latitudes at this time whereas other genera did not cope with Smithian high temperatures and so became restricted to the high-latitude regions. However, the maximum temperature in the late Smithian likely caused the extinction of almost all platform-bearing gondolellids. Finally, the group returned to equatorial regions and achieved global distribution again in the cooler conditions of the late Spathian. We conclude that temperature (and to a lesser extent oxygen levels) exerted a strong control on the geographical distribution and evolution of platform-bearing gondolellids in the Early Triassic

Aktivitet: Målinriktade armrörelser för barn i åldrarna 5-9 år. : En utvecklingsstudie

Startdatum: 02/11/2004; Slutdatum: 02/11/2004; Roll: Föreläsare; Typ: Föreläsning / muntligt bidra