Effects of the presence of Mymelachista Schumanni ants on the abundance and diversity of edaphic macro invertebrates within ’Devil’s Garden’s.

„Devil‟s gardens‟ are created by Myrmelachista schumanni ants, which nest in the hollow, swollen stems of Duroia hirsuta, and create these areas devoid of vegetation by poisoning all plants, with the exception their host plants, with formic acid. In this study I investigated if in addition to killing encroaching vegetation around their host plants, M. schumanni workers also compete or interfere with the abundance and diversity of edaphic macro invertebrates within „devil‟s gardens‟. The study was carried out at Tiputini Biodiversity Station in the province of Orellana, Ecuador, where twelve „devil‟s gardens‟ were located and soil samples were collected. The abundance and diversity of macro invertebrates of each sample was measured and compared between controls, soil within „devil‟s gardens‟, and soil outside „devil‟s gardens‟. The results of this study suggested that the presence of M. schumanni has no effects on the abundance nor on the diversity of edaphic macro invertebrates within „devil‟s gardens‟.Las "Chacras del diablo" son creadas por las hormigas Myrmelachista schumanni, que anidan en los troncos huecos y abultados de los árboles Duroia hirsuta, y crean estas áreas desprovistas de vegetación al inhibir el crecimiento de todas las plantas excepto sus plantas hospederas con ácido fórmico. En este estudio se investigó si, además de matar a la vegetación alrededor de sus plantas hospederas, las obreras M. schumanni también compiten o interfieren en la abundancia y diversidad de macroinvertebrados edáficos en las "Chacras del diablo". El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Estación Biológica Tiputini en la provincia del Napo, Ecuador, donde doce "chacras del diablo" fueron localizadas y se recogió muestras del suelo de cada una de ellas. La abundancia y diversidad de macroinvertebrados de cada muestra se midió y se comparó con los controles dentro y fuera de las chacras. De acuerdo con los resultados de este estudio, la presencia de M. schumanni no tiene efectos en la abundancia o en la diversidad de macroinvertebrados edáficos en las "chacras del diablo"

Mild solutions to the 3D-Boussinesq system with weakened initial temperature

In this research, the Cauchy problem of the 3D viscous Boussinesq system is studied considering an initial temperature with negative Sobolev regularity. Precisely, we construct local in time mild solutions to this system where the temperature term belongs to Sobolev spaces of negative order. Our main contribution is to show how the coupled structure of the Boussinesq system allows us to considerably weaken the regularity in the temperature term.Comment: 24 page

Existence of infinite-energy and discretely self-similar global weak solutions for 3D MHD equations

This paper deals with the existence of global weak solutions for 3D MHD equations when the initial data belong to the weighted spaces $L^2_{w_\gamma}$, with $w_\gamma(x)=(1+\vert x\vert)^{-\gamma}$ and $0 \leq \gamma \leq 2$. Moreover, we prove the existence of discretely self-similar solutions for 3D MHD equations for discretely self-similar initial data which are locally square integrable. Our methods are inspired of a recent work of P. Fern\'aidez-Dalgo and P.G. Lemarié-Rieusset for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations

Blow-up of dynamically restricted critical norms near a potential Navier–Stokes singularity

In this paper we develop new methods to obtain regularity criteria for the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations in terms of dynamically restricted endpoint critical norms: the critical Lebesgue norm in general or the critical weak Lebesgue norm in the axisymmetric case. This type of results is inspired in particular by a work of Neustupa (Arch Ration Mech Anal 214(2):525–544, 2014), which handles certain non endpoint critical norms. Our work enables to have a better understanding of the nonlocal effect of the pressure on the regularity of the solutions.</p

Weak solutions for Navier--Stokes equations with initial data in weighted L2L^2 spaces.

We show the existence of global weak solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations with initial velocity in the weighted spaces L 2 wγ , where w γ (x) = (1 + |x|) −γ and 0 < γ ≤ 2, using new energy controls. As application we give a new proof of the existence of global weak discretely self-similar solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations for discretely self-similar initial velocities which are locally square inte-grable

Rediseño y recuperación del sistema de retorno de condensado para el ahorro de energía de la empresa Ecuajugos

El presente estudio se basa en la campaña a nivel mundial del ahorro de energía y cuidado del medio ambiente para la empresa Nestlé-Ecuajugos, llegando a un acuerdo con Armstrong como proveedor de los equipos industriales de vapor. El punto principal del estudio es la inspección de las trampas de vapor y la recuperación de condensado de vapor, por medio de un aumento de los físicos de los sistemas de I estafa y la inspección de las trampas que usted / ellos tiran el condensado a la medio ambiente y no se recupera. Las trampas de vapor son inspeccionados por el método de ultrasonido (estetoscopio), que se puede verificar si las trampas están en estado abierto (vuelo de vapor), cubierto (calentamiento lento de los equipos de proceso), o en caso de fallo, cada tipo de trampa como los de volcado, termodinámica Pail, flotador y termostato y termostática, que son los más comunes en la industria, tienen diferentes sonidos de apertura y cierre, éstas se pueden identificar con el personal calificado y de mucha experiencia, de esta manera permitiendo un ahorro de energía desde el 20 al 25% de la energía de generación de vapor. De la misma manera, este estudio se trata de la recuperación de los condensados ​​que se vota en el medio ambiente, el / ella será capaz de llevar a cabo por medio de un sistema de recuperación de condensado por medio de un modelo de PT bomba mecánica 408 Armstrong, recuperando 3,900 libras / h de condensado lo que representa 20,31% de toda la planta, con sus respectivas dimensiones de las tuberías 40 y 80 horario, válvulas y accesorios, tanto para el suministro de vapor a la trampa de la bomba de condensada para que este / que tiene la capacidad de empujar el condensada uno hacia el tanque de condensado para la alimentación de las calderas, como el tubo de la de retorno de la condensada para la recuperación de la misma. Generalmente lo que permite tanto nos un ahorro considerable en la generación de vapor de como en la recuperación de condensado de vapor y de la protección del medio ambiente.The present study is based on the campaign to world level of the energy saving and care of the environment for the Company Nestlé-Ecuajugos, reaching an agreement with Armstrong like supplier of the industrial teams for steam. The main point of the study is the inspection of the traps for vapor and the recovery of condensed of vapor, by means of a physical rising the systems of I swindle and the inspection of the traps that you/they throw away the condensed one to the environment and it is not recovered. The traps for steam are inspected by the ultrasound method (stethoscope), which you can verify if the traps are in opened state (flight of vapor), Covered (slow heating of the process teams), or in if faulty, each trap type like those of Overturned, Thermodynamic Pail, Float and Thermostat and Thermostatic that are the more commons in the industry, they have different opening sounds and closing, these it can identify them with qualified personnel and of a lot of experience, this way allowing an energy saving from the 20 to 25% of energy of generation of steam. In the same way, this study is about the recovery of condensed that one votes to the environment, he/she will be able to be carried out by means of a recovery system of condensed by means of a model mechanical bomb PT 408 Armstrong, recovering 3,900 lb/h of condensed what represents 20,31% of the whole plant, with its respective dimensions of pipes 40 and 80 schedule, valves and accessories, so much for the supply of vapor to the pump trap of condensed so that this he/she has the capacity to push the condensed one toward the tank of condensed for feeding of the boilers, as the pipe of that of return of the condensed one for the recovery of the same one. Generally allowing so much us a considerable saving in generation of vapor as in recovery of condensed of vapor and the protection of the environment

Weighted energy estimates for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations and applications to axisymmetric solutions without swirl

We consider a family of weights which permit to generalize the Leray procedure to obtain weak suitable solutions of the 3D incom-pressible Navier-Stokes equations with initial data in weighted L 2 spaces. Our principal result concerns the existence of regular global solutions when the initial velocity is an axisymmetric vector field without swirl such that both the initial velocity and its vorticity belong to L 2 ((1 + r 2) -- $\gamma$ 2 dx), with r = x 2 1 + x 2 2 and $\gamma$ $\in$ (0, 2)