Study of the synergistic effect of 2-methoxy-4-formylphenol and sodium molybdenum oxide on the corrosion inhibition of 3CR12 ferritic steel in dilute sulphuric acid

The synergistic effect of the corrosion inhibition properties of 2-methoxy-4-formylphenol and sodium molybdenum oxide on the electrochemical property of 3CR12 ferritic stainless steel in 2M H2SO4 acid solution was assessed through coupon analysis, potentiodynamic polarization technique, IR spectroscopy and micro-analytical technique. Experimental data showed the combined admixture effectively inhibited the steel corrosion at the concentrations analyzed with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 94.47% and 89.71% from coupon analysis and potentiodynamic polarization due to the electrochemical action and inhibition of the steel by the ionized molecules of the inhibiting compound which influenced the mechanism of the redox reactions responsible to corrosion and surface deterioration. Results from corrosion thermodynamic calculations showed chemisorption adsorption mechanism. Infrared spectroscopic images exposed the functional groups of the molecules involved for the corrosion inhibition reaction. Micro-analytical images showed sharp contrast in surface morphology between the inhibited and corroded test specimens under study. Cracks, intergranular and pitting corrosion in addition to severe surface deterioration was observed in the uninhibited samples. Inhibitor adsorption fits the Langmuir isotherm mode

UV radiation sensors with unitary and binary superficial barrier

Acces full text: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.312705UV radiation sensors with unitary and binary superficial barrier, made on the basis of GaP - SnO2 and GaAs - AlGaAs - SnO2 heterostructures, are presented in the paper. Technological and constructive factors, which permit to realize a high conversion efficiency and to exclude the influence of visible spectrum upon the photoanswer, are analyzed. It was established that the presence of an isotypical superficial potential barrier permits to suppress the photoanswer component formed by absorption of visible and infrared radiation in semiconductor structure bulk

Towards an understanding of induced-charge electrokinetics at large applied voltages in concentrated solutions

The venerable theory of electrokinetic phenomena rests on the hypothesis of a dilute solution of point-like ions in quasi-equilibrium with a weakly charged surface, whose potential relative to the bulk is of order the thermal voltage (kT/e ≈ 25 mV at room temperature). In nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena, such as AC or induced-charge electro-osmosis (ACEO, ICEO) and induced-charge electrophoresis (ICEP), several V ≈ 100 kT/e are applied to polarizable surfaces in microscopic geometries, and the resulting electric fields and induced surface charges are large enough to violate the assumptions of the classical theory. In this article, we review the experimental and theoretical literatures, highlight discrepancies between theory and experiment, introduce possible modifications of the theory, and analyze their consequences. We argue that, in response to a large applied voltage, the “compact layer” and “shear plane” effectively advance into the liquid, due to the crowding of counterions. Using simple continuum models, we predict two general trends at large voltages: (i) ionic crowding against a blocking surface expands the diffuse double layer and thus decreases its differential capacitance, and (ii) a charge-induced viscosity increase near the surface reduces the electro-osmotic mobility; each trend is enhanced by dielectric saturation. The first effect is able to predict high-frequency flow reversal in ACEO pumps, while the second may explain the decay of ICEO flow with increasing salt concentration. Through several colloidal examples, such as ICEP of an uncharged metal sphere in an asymmetric electrolyte, we show that nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena are generally ion-specific. Similar theoretical issues arise in nanofluidics (due to confinement) and ionic liquids (due to the lack of solvent), so the paper concludes with a general framework of modified electrokinetic equations for finite-sized ions.National Science Foundation (U.S.) (contract DMS-0707641

Ionic liquids at electrified interfaces

Until recently, “room-temperature” (<100–150 °C) liquid-state electrochemistry was mostly electrochemistry of diluted electrolytes(1)–(4) where dissolved salt ions were surrounded by a considerable amount of solvent molecules. Highly concentrated liquid electrolytes were mostly considered in the narrow (albeit important) niche of high-temperature electrochemistry of molten inorganic salts(5-9) and in the even narrower niche of “first-generation” room temperature ionic liquids, RTILs (such as chloro-aluminates and alkylammonium nitrates).(10-14) The situation has changed dramatically in the 2000s after the discovery of new moisture- and temperature-stable RTILs.(15, 16) These days, the “later generation” RTILs attracted wide attention within the electrochemical community.(17-31) Indeed, RTILs, as a class of compounds, possess a unique combination of properties (high charge density, electrochemical stability, low/negligible volatility, tunable polarity, etc.) that make them very attractive substances from fundamental and application points of view.(32-38) Most importantly, they can mix with each other in “cocktails” of one’s choice to acquire the desired properties (e.g., wider temperature range of the liquid phase(39, 40)) and can serve as almost “universal” solvents.(37, 41, 42) It is worth noting here one of the advantages of RTILs as compared to their high-temperature molten salt (HTMS)(43) “sister-systems”.(44) In RTILs the dissolved molecules are not imbedded in a harsh high temperature environment which could be destructive for many classes of fragile (organic) molecules

Thermoelectrical properties of nanoscale indium thin oxide-based thin films

The thermoelectrical properties of indium tin oxide-based nanoscale films deposited by spray pyrolysis method have been investigated. Different metal additives were used to modify the electronic properties of the base oxide. Rh doped films have demonstrated the highest value of power factor ~ 1.4.10-3 W/mK2 among the studied nanostructured films. Further optimization of film composition and a rise of operation temperature promise the sufficient improvement of thermoelectrical efficiency of given materials

Study of Antioxidant Properties of Agents from the Perspective of Their Action Mechanisms

The creation and analysis of a large variety of existing methods for the evaluation of integrated antioxidant properties are quite relevant in connection with a range of biological mechanisms of the antioxidants (AO) action. In this work, the existing methods are correlated with mechanisms of antioxidant action. It is shown that the results obtained by various methods are mainly incomparable. This can be connected with the implementation of various mechanisms of antioxidant action in methods. The analysis of the literature data presented in this review indicates the difficulty of creating a universal method and the feasibility of using integrated approaches based on the use of several methods that implement and combine various mechanisms of the chemical conversion of antioxidants. This review describes methods for studying the chelating ability of antioxidants, except for methods based on electron and hydrogen atom transfer reactions, which are currently not widely covered in modern literature. With the description of each mechanism, special attention is paid to electrochemical methods, as the interaction of active oxygen metabolites of radical and non-radical nature with antioxidants has an electron/proton/donor-acceptor nature, which corresponds to the nature of electrochemical methods and suggests that they can be used to study the interaction. © 2020 by the authors.This work was financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 20-13-00142)

Square-Wave Voltammetry of Electroinactive Surfactants

Under the influence of previously published and some new theoretical results, potential- dependent adsorption and desorption of model electroinactive surfactants Triton X-100 (T-X-100 or polyethylene glycol p-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl ether) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the static mercury drop electrode (SMDE) were studied by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Although (according to the theory) the resulting current – potential curve should consist of two highly separated peaks, only desorption signal could be seen on each experimentally obtained voltammogram, most probably because of the limitations concerning the available potential range. Different properties of the recorded peak are in good agreement with the theory indicating that square-wave voltammetry could be treated as a potential tool for tensammetric studies of electroinactive surface active substances