Kesalahan Tatabahasa dan Tanda Bacaan Pelajar-pelajar Melayu di Peringkat Sekolah Menengah Bawah Daerah Brunei/Muara dan Daerah Tutong: Satu Perbandingan

Penyelidikan ini cuba mendapatkan data tentang kesalahan tatabahasa dan tanda bacaan yang dilakukan oleh pelajar-pelajar Melayu yang belajar di Tingkatan Dua, iaitu dua buah sekolah menengah dari daerah Tutong, dan dua buah sekolah menengah dari daerah Brunei/Muara. Dua bentuk ujian telah di kemukakan kepada sampel, iaitu ujian menulis karangan dan ujian objektif pelbagai pilihan. Kedua-dua ujian tersebut bertujuan untuk mencari kesal ahan dalam aspek penggunaan imbuhan, penggunaan perkataan, pembentukan ayat dan penggunaan tanda bacaan. Setelah semua data diproses dan dianalisis, penyelidikan ini telah menghasilkan dapatan-dapatan dan rumusan-rumusan seperti yang berikut: (i) Dalam 200 buah karangan yang jumlah perkataannya lebih kurang 30,000 patah, didapati sampel tel ah melakukan kesalahan sebanyak 1,736. Purata kesalahan bagi setiap sampel adalah 8.68. Sementara dalam ujian objektif pelbagai pili han yang mempunyai sebanyak 10,000 soalan semuanya, didapati sampel telah melakukan kesalahan sebanyak 2,030. Purata kesalahan seti ap sampel bagi ujian ini adalah sebanyak 10.15. Jumlah kesal ahan bagi setiap sam pel untuk keduadua ujian adal ah sebanyak 18.83 kali, atau sebanyak 9.4 bagi setiap sampel untuk satu jenis ujian, (ii) Dalam ujian karangan aspek yang paling tinggi kekerapan kesalahannya dilakukan sampel ialah pembentukan ayat, iaitu sebanyak 624 atau 35.94%. Sementara dalam ujian objektif pelbagai pilihan pula didapati kesalahan aspek tanda baeaan yang paling tinggi kekerapannya, iaitu sebanyak 787 atau 38.77%

The Wall Street Journal investment dartboard: Market responses to recommendations of returning winners versus new contenders: Working paper series--98-03

We extend previous tests that examine the price and volume effects for stocks recommended in the Wall Street Journal's Investment Dartboard column. We split the sample into those stocks chosen by returning winners of previous contests and new contenders. Our results indicate that investors place greater price pressure on the stocks chosen by the "winners" compared to the "contenders." The wealth increase for both the "winners" and "contenders" is temporary, and returns to near the pre-event level by the twentieth day after the announcement. This finding is consistent price pressure being due to naive buying rather than new information being revealed. The relative trading volume shows that investors placed greater emphasis on the "winners" recommendations versus the recommendations of the "contenders." Finally, we show that the amount of price pressure observed increases with the success of the winner in the previous contest

Pembelajaran bahasa Arab Di Universiti Malaysia Sabah: persepsi pelajar bukan Islam

Kertas kerja ini disediakan untuk melihat dan meneliti pelajar-pelajar bukan Islam terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Arab di Pusat Penataran Ilmu dan Bahasa, UMS. Mereka terdiri dari pelbagai etnik serta kaum seperti China, India, Kadazandusun, Sino kadazan, Iban, Kayan, Melanau, Rungus dan sebagainya. Mereka langsung tidak mempunyai asas bahasa Arab sebelum memasuki UMS sama ada di peringkat sekolah rendah mahupun sekolah menengah. Mereka dianggap sebagai pelajar minoriti mempelajari bahasa Arab, kerana majoriti pelajar yang mempelajari bahasa adalah pelajar Islam yang sudah menjadi kelaziman di mana-mana institusi pengajian tinggi di Malaysia

Coupled ‘storm-flood’ depositional model: application to the Miocene–Modern Baram Delta Province, north-west Borneo

The Miocene to Modern Baram Delta Province is a highly efficient source to sink system that has accumulated 9 to 12 km of coastal-deltaic to shelf sediments over the past 15 Myr. Facies analysis based on ca 1 km of total vertical outcrop stratigraphy, combined with subsurface geology and sedimentary processes in the present-day Baram Delta Province, suggests a ‘storm-flood’ depositional model comprising two distinct periods: (i) fair-weather periods are dominated by alongshore sediment reworking and coastal sand accumulation; and (ii) monsoon-driven storm periods are characterised by increased wave energy and offshore-directed downwelling storm flow that occur simultaneously with peak fluvial discharge caused by storm-precipitation (‘storm-floods’). The modern equivalent environment has the following characteristics: (i) humid-tropical monsoonal climate; (ii) narrow (ca <100 km) and steep (ca 1°), densely vegetated, coastal plain; (iii) deep tropical weathering of a mudstone-dominated hinterland; (iv) multiple independent, small to moderate-sized (102 to 105 km2) drainage basins; (v) predominance of river-mouth bypassing; and (vi) supply-dominated shelf. The ancient, proximal part of this system (the onshore Belait Formation) is dominated by strongly cyclical sandier-upward successions (metre to decametre-scale) comprising (from bottom to top): (i) finely laminated mudstone with millimetre-scale silty laminae; (ii) heterolithic sandstone-mudstone alternations (centimetre to metre-scale); and (iii) sharp-based, swaley cross-stratified sandstone beds and bedsets (metre to decimetre-scale). Gutter casts (decimetre to metre-scale) are widespread, they are filled with swaley cross-stratified sandstone and their long-axes are oriented perpendicular to the palaeo-shoreline. The gutter casts and other associated waning-flow event beds suggest that erosion and deposition was controlled by high-energy, offshore-directed, oscillatory-dominated, sediment-laden combined flows within a shoreface to delta front setting. The presence of multiple river mouths and exceptionally high rates of accommodation creation (characteristic of the Neogene to Recent Baram Delta Province; up to 3000 m/Ma), in a ‘storm-flood’ dominated environment, resulted in a highly efficient and effective offshore-directed sediment transport system

Non-muslim consumers attitude and repurchase behaviour towards halal food: an application of buyer behaviour model

Halal food is widely recognised for its exceptional quality assurance and wholesomeness which attracts both Muslim and non-Muslim consumers. Previous studies have shed some light on the Muslim consumer attitude-behaviour interactions with halal products. However, studies of similar topic focusing on non-Muslim consumers as respondents are uncommon. Therefore, this study aims to examine the determinants of non-Muslim attitude and their repurchase intention on halal food product using the Buyer Behaviour Model. Data were collected through self-administered questionnaire survey involving 444 non-Muslim consumers. The structural equation analyses revealed that lifestyle, consumers past purchase experience, and religion adoption positively influenced the non-Muslim consumers’ attitude towards halal products. The findings also revealed a significant relationship between the attitude of non-Muslim consumer towards halal product and their repurchase intention of the halal product. Finally, several recommendations for future research consideration are presented in the final part of this paper

Toxicity of selected insecticides againts nymph of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius).

Bemisia tabaci is one of serious insect pests attacking vegetables and has been difficult to control using conventional insecticides. In the past 10 years, new insecticides have been introduced that provide a diversity of novel modes of action and routes of activity to effectively control whitefly. Consequently, intensive used of insecticides in vegetable cultivation has resulted in reduced susceptibility and develops resistance in agriculture industry. In controlling B. tabaci population, insecticides are the common method used by farmers. This study aimed to determine the most effective insecticide against B. tabaci by using LC50 value. This study was conducted at the Crop Protection Laboratory, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia with the controlled room temperature of 24.33±0.14℃ with dark and light ratio of 1:1 (12 hours: 12 hours) is an ideal condition for rearing the insect. The hypothesis of the study is to test if insecticides can control the nymph of whitefly. A total of 50 two-day-old nymphs were treated with insecticides using leaf-dip bioassay procedure. This experiment was replicated three times. The survival rates of the nymphs were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Data on toxicity was analyzed by a special Probit Programme-Single Line Analysis based on Finney (1971). There was a significant difference (df=8, F=85.84, P=0.000) in survival rate of nymph of B. tabaci to eight insecticides tested. Among the insecticides tested, dimethoate, chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin and diafenthiuron showed significantly higher survival rate of nymph compared to other treatments. When LC50 values were compared for diafenthiuron which is less potent (LC50=2.44), abamectin was found to be 3.44 times more potent than diafenthiuron, followed by esfenvalerate. acetamiprid, profenofos, chlorpyrifos + cypermethrin and dimethoate, and the least potent was deltamethrin. The toxicity of eight insecticides tested against nymphs was in the following orders: abamectin= esfenvalerate acetamiprid= profenofos chlorpyrifos+ cypermethrin dimethoate ±deltamethrin> diafenthiuron respectively. This study implies that a proper application of the insecticide is a key component to a successful control programme of insect pests

Tidal dynamics and mangrove carbon sequestration during the Oligo-Miocene in the South China Sea

Modern mangroves are among the most carbon-rich biomes on Earth, but their long-term (≥10 6 years) impact on the global carbon cycle is unknown. The extent, productivity and preservation of mangroves are controlled by the interplay of tectonics, global sea level and sedimentation, including tide, wave and fluvial processes. The impact of these processes on mangrove-bearing successions in the Oligo-Miocene of the South China Sea (SCS) is evaluated herein. Palaeogeographic reconstructions, palaeotidal modelling and facies analysis suggest that elevated tidal range and bed shear stress optimized mangrove development along tide-influenced tropical coastlines. Preservation of mangrove organic carbon (OC) was promoted by high tectonic subsidence and fluvial sediment supply. Lithospheric storage of OC in peripheral SCS basins potentially exceeded 4,000 Gt (equivalent to 2,000 p.p.m. of atmospheric CO2). These results highlight the crucial impact of tectonic and oceanographic processes on mangrove OC sequestration within the global carbon cycle on geological timescales

Formulation And Evaluation Of Antidiarrhoeal Activity Of Ethanolic Leaf Extract Of Prunus Avium And Cedrus Deodara In Swiss Albino Mice

Traditionally, the leaves of Prunus Avium and Cedrus Deodara have been used to treat diarrhoea. Its effectiveness hasn't been scientifically proven, though, thus far. This study looked at the antidiarrheal properties of Prunus Avium and Cedrus deodara leaf extracts in mouse models. In models of Swiss Albino mice, the antidiarrheal efficacy of ethanolic leaf extracts of Prunus Avium and Cedrus Deodara was investigated. The extract's effects at various dosages were contrasted with those of common medications and mouse groups used as negative controls. While the number of wet feces was significantly reduced by the extract at all tested dosages, a dose of 600 mg/kg of castor oil-induced diarrhoea showed a considerable reduction in the frequency of defecation. Additionally, at all tested doses, it demonstrated a noteworthy and dose-dependent decrease in the mouse model's intestinal content; the observed findings at 400 and 600 mg/kg were superior to those of loperamide, the standard medication. At any of the tested doses, a substantial antimotility impact was not seen, nevertheless. These findings indicate that the ethanolic leaf extracts of Cedrus deodara and Prunus avium exhibited antidiarrheal propertie

Effects of zinc and copper on male gametophytes off lowering plants

The Effect of Zinc and Copper on Male Gametophytes of FloweringPlants1) The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of heavy metals in the development of male gametophytes in flowering plants. Several experiments were conducted to find the best germination medium for the maximum percent germination and pollen tube growth of pollen. Temperature was also found to be an important factor influencing pollen tube growth.2) Three plant species were used in this study. They were Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi, Brassica rapa and Hippeastrum. The optimum germination medium for the pollen under study was found to be species-specific. 3) The best in vitro germination medium for the maximum percent germination and pollen tube growth for Kalanctioe fedtsclienl&lt;oi was 10% PEG and 10% sucrose, while for Brassica rapa dwf2 it was 15% PEG and 10% sucrose.4) A 5 C difference of germination temperature was shown to alter pollen tube growth length in two cultivars of Brassica rapa.5) Presence of zinc in the germinating medium led to reductions in both percent pollen germination and pollen tube length growth in Kalanctioe fedtsctienkoi at high concentrations of zinc. In contrast, Bnassica rapa dwf2 showed a greater reduction in percent pollen germination than in pollen tube length. 6) There was a large inhibitory effect of copper on both the percent pollen germination and pollen tube length of Brassica rapa dwf2.7) Cytoplasmic streaming was found to be a useful indicator of the possible toxicity of heavy metals. The movements of granules on the cytoplasm in the pollen tube slowed down when pollen was incubated in germination medium containing heavy metals. Thus this approach provides a sensitive assay for the effects of heavy metals such as zinc and copper upon male gametophytes.8) Brassica rapa dwf2 grown in water culture medium containing heavy metals showed a reduction in in vivo pollen tube growth. Thus, metal uptake by plants from the growing medium does result in metal reaching the male gametophyte and can in turn result in reduction of pollen tube germination and growth, thus potentially markedly affecting reproduction.