In-work support : what is the role of in-work support in a successful transition to sustained employment? (TM Case Study Summary Theme Report)

This report focuses on the role that in-work support plays in helping employment programme beneficiaries move into sustained employment. It draws on finding from the Talent Match (TM) National Evaluation. TM is a Big Lottery Fund strategic programme investing £108 million in 21 Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) areas, which have experienced particularly high levels of youth unemployment. The focus of the programme is on developing holistic approaches to combating worklessness amongst long-term NEETs (i.e. young people who are not in education, employment or training). A key aspect of the programme is to bring young people closer to, and into employment. Part One of this report outlines what in-work support is and why it is important. Part Two presents findings from analysis of programme monitoring data on the provision of in-work support and insights from qualitative research in four TM partnerships and case studies of provision of in-work support. Part Three sets out the learning on in-work support emerging from this research

Scaling analysis of the magnetic monopole mass and condensate in the pure U(1) lattice gauge theory

We observe the power law scaling behavior of the monopole mass and condensate in the pure compact U(1) gauge theory with the Villain action. In the Coulomb phase the monopole mass scales with the exponent \nu_m=0.49(4). In the confinement phase the behavior of the monopole condensate is described with remarkable accuracy by the exponent \beta_{exp}=0.197(3). Possible implications of these phenomena for a construction of a strongly coupled continuum U(1) gauge theory are discussed.Comment: Added references [1

Mutual Zonated Interactions of Wnt and Hh Signaling Are Orchestrating the Metabolism of the Adult Liver in Mice and Human

The Hedgehog (Hh) and Wnt/β-Catenin (Wnt) cascades are morphogen pathways whose pronounced influence on adult liver metabolism has been identified in recent years. How both pathways communicate and control liver metabolic functions are largely unknown. Detecting core components of Wnt and Hh signaling and mathematical modeling showed that both pathways in healthy liver act largely complementary to each other in the pericentral (Wnt) and the periportal zone (Hh) and communicate mainly by mutual repression. The Wnt/Hh module inversely controls the spatiotemporal operation of various liver metabolic pathways, as revealed by transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses. Shifting the balance to Wnt (activation) or Hh (inhibition) causes pericentralization and periportalization of liver functions, respectively. Thus, homeostasis of the Wnt/Hh module is essential for maintaining proper liver metabolism and to avoid the development of certain metabolic diseases. With caution due to minor species-specific differences, these conclusions may hold for human liver as well

Giant crystal-electric-field effect and complex magnetic behavior in single-crystalline CeRh3Si2

Single-crystalline CeRh3Si2 was investigated by means of x-ray diffraction, magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, electrical resistivity, and specific heat measurements carried out in wide temperature and magnetic field ranges. Moreover, the electronic structure of the compound was studied at room temperature by cerium core-level x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The physical properties were analyzed in terms of crystalline electric field and compared with results of ab-initio band structure calculations performed within the density functional theory approach. The compound was found to crystallize in the orthorhombic unit cell of the ErRh3Si2 type (space group Imma -- No.74, Pearson symbol: oI24) with the lattice parameters: a = 7.1330(14) A, b = 9.7340(19) A, and c = 5.6040(11) A. Analysis of the magnetic and XPS data revealed the presence of well localized magnetic moments of trivalent cerium ions. All physical properties were found to be highly anisotropic over the whole temperature range studied, and influenced by exceptionally strong crystalline electric field with the overall splitting of the 4f1 ground multiplet exceeding 5700 K. Antiferromagnetic order of the cerium magnetic moments at TN = 4.70(1)K and their subsequent spin rearrangement at Tt = 4.48(1) K manifest themselves as distinct anomalies in the temperature characteristics of all investigated physical properties and exhibit complex evolution in an external magnetic field. A tentative magnetic B-T phase diagram, constructed for B parallel to the b-axis being the easy magnetization direction, shows very complex magnetic behavior of CeRh3Si2, similar to that recently reported for an isostructural compound CeIr3Si2. The electronic band structure calculations corroborated the antiferromagnetic ordering of the cerium magnetic moments and well reproduced the experimental XPS valence band spectrum.Comment: 32 pages, 12 figures, to appear in Physical Review

Bromoform emission over the Antarctic sea ice

Bromoform is one of the volatile organic compounds emitted from the ocean surface to the atmosphere, and it is believed to affect ozone depletion in the atmosphere through photochemical reactions. While estimates of air−sea flux of bromoform are well examined in open ocean areas, fluxes have rarely been estimated in ice-covered seas, and so far, no observations have been made to evaluate the bromoform flux between the sea ice surface and atmosphere. Here, we present the first direct measurements of the air−sea ice bromoform flux obtained from first-year sea ice off east Antarctica. Measurements were made in early austral spring (September to November 2012) as part of the Sea Ice Physics and Ecosystem Experiment II (SIPEX-2). Vertical profiles of bromoform concentrations in snow and sea ice indicated that high concentrations were mainly found in the bottom of the snow and the surface layers of the sea ice (Figure 1) (including slush and brine) ranging from 281−1360 pM. Sea ice–atmosphere bromoform fluxes measured by the chamber method ranged from +0.3 to +7.5 nmol CHBr3 m–2 day–1 (positive value indicates the emission of the bromoform from ice surface to the atmosphere), and flux values increased with increasing bromoform concentrations at the surface layers (Figure 2). The mean flux estimate (+2.4 nmol CHBr3 m–2 day–1) obtained in this study was consistent with the flux estimate for the ice-free part of the Southern Ocean (+2.6 nmol CHBr3 m–2 day–1; Quack and Wallace, 2003). Our results suggest that the bromoform emitted from the sea ice surface to the atmosphere may account for an important fraction of the global bromine budget.第4回極域科学シンポジウム個別セッション：[OM] 気水圏11月14日（木） 統計数理研究所 ３階セミナー室１（D305

Contract Aware Components, 10 years after

The notion of contract aware components has been published roughly ten years ago and is now becoming mainstream in several fields where the usage of software components is seen as critical. The goal of this paper is to survey domains such as Embedded Systems or Service Oriented Architecture where the notion of contract aware components has been influential. For each of these domains we briefly describe what has been done with this idea and we discuss the remaining challenges.Comment: In Proceedings WCSI 2010, arXiv:1010.233

Cell-Free DNA and CXCL10 Derived from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Predict Lung Transplant Survival.

Standard methods for detecting chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and rejection have poor sensitivity and specificity and have conventionally required bronchoscopies and biopsies. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been shown to be increased in various types of allograft injury in transplant recipients and CXCL10 has been reported to be increased in the lung tissue of patients undergoing CLAD. This study used a novel cfDNA and CXCL10 assay to evaluate the noninvasive assessment of CLAD phenotype and prediction of survival from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. A total of 60 BAL samples (20 with bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS), 20 with restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS), and 20 with stable allografts (STA)) were collected from 60 unique lung transplant patients; cfDNA and CXCL10 were measured by the ELISA-based KIT assay. Median cfDNA was significantly higher in BOS patients (6739 genomic equivalents (GE)/mL) versus STA (2920 GE/mL) and RAS (4174 GE/mL) (p < 0.01 all comparisons). Likelihood ratio tests revealed a significant association of overall survival with cfDNA (p = 0.0083), CXCL10 (p = 0.0146), and the interaction of cfDNA and CXCL10 (p = 0.023) based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. Dichotomizing patients based on the median cfDNA level controlled for the mean level of CXCL10 revealed an over two-fold longer median overall survival time in patients with low levels of cfDNA. The KIT assay could predict allograft survival with superior performance compared with traditional biomarkers. These data support the pursuit of larger prospective studies to evaluate the predictive performance of cfDNA and CXCL10 prior to lung allograft failure

A novel perspective on PRDM9-directed meiotic recombination:How interallelic interactions between meiotic regulator PRDM9 and X-chromosomal hybrid sterility locus HstX2 regulate hybrid fertility phenotypes

Meiotic recombination between homologsis initiated in accessible chromatin loops along the genomes of many mammalian species. To induce recombination, chro-matin is first made locally accessible for the meiotic recombination machinery through interprotein collaborations between the central Zinc finger protein PRDM9 with HELLS and Zcwpw1 as well asthe proteins of the COMPASS-Complex. Re-combination itself is induced by a number of recombinases, including Rec8, DMC1 and SPO11, which introduce double-strandedbreaks (DSBs) at a subset of PRDM9-directed positions, mediate homology search, guide the broken ends towards each and eventually accomplish the physical exchange of homologous parental alleles through DSB-repair. The Results of such meiotic recombination events are either rare reciprocal cross-overs (CO) or, more frequently, non-reciprocal non-crossovers (NCO). While all these processes appear to be standardized at first sight, the di-verse outcomes of meiotic recombination, observable as haploid gametes with unique genomes, but also as a wide spectrum of fertility phenotypes. Especially in F1 hybrid males from crosses between female PWD (Laboratory strain ofMus mus-culus musculus)and male B6 mice (Laboratory strain ofMus musculus domesticus), F1 hybrid sterility (HS) results from allelic incompatibilities between heterozygous intersubspecific PRDM9 variants. Cytologically, the HS phenotype is characterized by asymmetric recombination landscapes with perturbated homology search, DSB repair and early meiotic breakdown. However, HS does not occur universally as other hybrid offspring, including the reciprocal cross of HS, remains fertile. This model led to the discovery of the X-linked hybrid sterility locus HstX2, which struc-turally differs betweenPWD and B6 miceand leads to sterility when the HstX2PWDis active in the PWDXB6genome. This work investigates which mechanistic role variants of PRDM9 and HstX2 play in functional meiosis of intra-(B6XDBA) and intersubspecific (B6XCAST) hybrids atthe initiation stages of meiotic recombination. The presented analyses reveal that HstX2 impacts spermatogenic processes at an earlier timepoint in intrasubspecific hybrids than in intersubspecific hybrids. Fur-thermore, a very active hybrid recombinationhotspot is characterized, in intersub-specific B6XCAST hybrids, undermining the role of novel PRDM9-directed hotspots for hybrid fertility. ChIP-sequencingtogether with insilicopredictions con-firm that, while this hotspot is unknown to both parental genomes, it allows func-tional homologous meiotic recombination in intersubspecific hybrids

Weightism: Can Personality Characteristics Predict Prejudice in College Students?

Bias toward individuals who are obese is one of the last bastions of permissible prejudice. The people who are obese report discrimination in a variety of settings; they experience it with families, employers, teachers, and health-care professionals. Research regarding obesity bias indicates that attribution of personal responsibility is correlated with negative attitudes toward individuals who are obese. Attribution of causality and resulting bias has been linked to specific personality characteristics, specifically the Big Five traits Agreeableness and Openness to Experience. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality characteristics and obesity bias. Students at a large mid-Atlantic University completed three measures; one personality measure, the NEO---PI---R and two measures of obesity bias, the Anti-fat Attitudes Questionnaire and a Weight Implicit Association Test. It was predicted that low Agreeableness and Openness to Experience was would predict anti-fat bias. Regression analyses did not indicate relationships between these variables, as expected. However, the obesity bias measures demonstrated bias was present within this sample. These findings are inconsistent with previous research regarding prejudice which used the NEO---PI---R. Limitations of this study, recommendations for future research, and clinical implications are discussed, including reducing myths regarding obesity, and advocacy for individuals who are obese