Longitudinal Analysis of Android Ad Library Permissions

This paper investigates changes over time in the behavior of Android ad libraries. Taking a sample of 100,000 apps, we extract and classify the ad libraries. By considering the release dates of the applications that use a specific ad library version, we estimate the release date for the library, and thus build a chronological map of the permissions used by various ad libraries over time. We find that the use of most permissions has increased over the last several years, and that more libraries are able to use permissions that pose particular risks to user privacy and security.Comment: Most 201

cpDNA of Acer saccharum and Acer nigrum are Very Similar

Author Institution: Wright State University, Department of Biological SciencesThe number of species and sub-species that comprise North American sugar maples has remained in dispute since their first characterization over 100 years ago. The taxonomic distinctiveness of Acer nigrum (black maples) and A saccharum (sugar maples) has been particularly controversial. An analysis of the nucleotide sequences from a non-coding region of the chloroplast genome of Ohio black and sugar maples suggests that these trees are genetically very similar and do not require separate taxonomic designations