Modeling Cascading Failures in Complex Networks

Large-scale cascading failures can be triggered by very few initial failures, leading to severe damages in complex networks. As modern society becomes more and more networked, there is an increasing requirement of security and reliability of complex networks such as infrastructure networks and cyber networks. In order to design networks which are robust to attacks and enhance the security of the existing networks, this paper studies load-dependent cascading failures in random networks consisting of a large but finite number of components. Under a random single-node attack, a framework is developed to quantify the damage at each stage of a cascade. We mainly use probability theory to analyze the cascade process and use simulations to verify our conclusion. In our result, estimations for the fraction of failed nodes are presented to evaluate the time-dependent system damage due to the attack. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a phase transition behavior in the extent of the damage as the load margin grows. That is, the fraction of the damaged components drops from near one to near zero over a slight change in the load margin. The critical value of the load margin and the short interval over which such an abrupt change occurs are derived to characterize the network reaction to small network load variations. Our findings provide design principles for enhancing the network resiliency and provide guidelines for choosing the load margin to avoid a cascade of failures in load-dependent complex networks with practical sizes

Design and Study on Dynamic Measuring System for Field Surface Roughness

Explore the adaptability and relationship of planter to field surface roughness. Through field test of the designed dynamic testing system of field surface roughness, the two types of field surface roughness were detected on the original field surface roughness formed by the working rotary and the field surface roughness formed after planters work. The transfer functions of the system were established, and the dynamic characteristics of the system were analyzed. The results show that, the system is a linear one with the typical first order feature. The dynamic characteristics of the systems such as response speed, frequency bandwidth and thickness of covering soil and other performance indicators are able to meet the requirements of agricultural technology

Tracking the industrial growth of modern China with high-resolution panchromatic imagery: A sequential convolutional approach

Due to insufficient or difficult to obtain data on development in inaccessible regions, remote sensing data is an important tool for interested stakeholders to collect information on economic growth. To date, no studies have utilized deep learning to estimate industrial growth at the level of individual sites. In this study, we harness high-resolution panchromatic imagery to estimate development over time at 419 industrial sites in the People's Republic of China using a multi-tier computer vision framework. We present two methods for approximating development: (1) structural area coverage estimated through a Mask R-CNN segmentation algorithm, and (2) imputing development directly with visible & infrared radiance from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Labels generated from these methods are comparatively evaluated and tested. On a dataset of 2,078 50 cm resolution images spanning 19 years, the results indicate that two dimensions of industrial development can be estimated using high-resolution daytime imagery, including (a) the total square meters of industrial development (average error of 0.021 $\textrm{km}^2$), and (b) the radiance of lights (average error of 9.8 $\mathrm{\frac{nW}{cm^{2}sr}}$). Trend analysis of the techniques reveal estimates from a Mask R-CNN-labeled CNN-LSTM track ground truth measurements most closely. The Mask R-CNN estimates positive growth at every site from the oldest image to the most recent, with an average change of 4,084 $\textrm{m}^2$.Comment: Fixed typo

The Modeling of Interval-Valued Time Series Using Possibility Measure-Based Encoding-Decoding Mechanism

Interval-valued time series (ITS) is a collection of interval-valued data whose entires are ordered by time. The modeling of ITS is an ongoing issue pursued by many researchers. There are diverse ITS models showing better performance. This paper proposes a new ITS model using possibility measure-based encoding-decoding mechanism involved in fuzzy theory. The proposed model consists of four modules, say, linguistic variable generation module, encoding module, inference module and decoding module. The linguistic variable generation module can provide a series of linguistic variables expressed in fuzzy sets used to described dynamic characteristics of ITS. The encoding module encodes ITS into some embedding vectors with semantics with the aid of possibility measure and linguistic variables formed by linguistic variable generation module. The inference module uses artificial neural network to capture relationship implied in those embedding vectors with semantic. The decoding module decodes for the outputs of the inference module to produce the output of linguistic and interval formats by using the possibility measure-based encoding-decoding mechanism. In comparison with existing ITS models, the proposed model can not only produce the output of linguistic format, but also exhibit better numeric performance

Sphingobium estronivorans sp. nov. and Sphingobium bisphenolivorans sp. nov., isolated from a wastewater treatment plant

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacteria, one designated as strain AXB(T), capable of degrading estrogens, and another, YL23(T), capable of degrading estrogen and bisphenol A, were isolated from activated sludge in Xiamen City, PR China. The optimum temperature and pH of both strains were 25-35 degrees C and pH 7.0-8.0. While strain AXB(T) could tolerate 3% (w/v) NaCl, YL23(T) could only grow between 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. They contained ubiquinone-10 as the major quinone, spermidine as the major polyamine, summed feature 8 (comprising C-18:1 omega 6c and/or C-18:1 omega 7c) as the major fatty acids and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and sphingoglycolipid as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains AXB(T) and YL23(T) were 63.6 and 63.7 mol%, respectively. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strains AXB(T) and YL23(T) belonged to the genus Sphingobium. Strain AXB(T) was most closely related to Sphingobium chlorophenolicum NBRC 16172(T) (97.5%) and Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77(T) (97.2%), and strain YL23(T) was most closely related to S. chlorophenolicum NBRC 16172(T) (97.4%) and S. quisquiliarum P25(T) (97.1%). Average nucleotide identity values between these two strains and S. chlorophenolicum NBRC 16172(T), S. chungbukense DJ77(T), Sphingobium chinhatense IP26(T), Sphingobium quisquiliarum P25(T) and Sphingobium japonicum UT26S(T) were from 80.7 to 85.8%. In conclusion, strains AXB(T) and YL23(T) represent novel species of the genus Sphingobium, for which the names Sphingobium estronivorans sp. nov. and Sphingobium bisphenolivorans sp. nov. are proposed, respectively. The type strains of S. estronivorans and S. bisphenolivorans are AXB(T) (=MCCC 1K01232(T) =DSM 102173(T)) and YL23(T) (=MCCC 1K02300(T) =DSM 102172(T)). respectively

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with systemic intravenous chemotherapy

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of intravenous cisplatin (DDP) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) alone or in combination with continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) for the treatment of malignant ascites.Methods: In the study, 124 patients with tumour-induced malignant ascites were assign to test and control groups according to the sequence of their hospital visits. Patients in the test group were treated with intravenous DDP and 5-FU combined with CHPP, whereas patients in the control group were only treated with DDP and 5-FU. The treatments in both groups lasted for 4 weeks. Thereafter, treatment efficacy, remission of abdominal distension, ascites, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results: The overall response rates of the test and control groups were 85.50 (53/62) and 35.50 % (22/62), respectively, and the difference was significant (p < 0.05). Patients in the test group showed significant reduction in abdominal distension and markedly reduced ascites compared to the controls. The improvement in KPS score was superior in the test group (p < 0.05). No treatment-associated complications, such as intestinal adhesions or obstruction and grade III or IV toxic and side reactions, were found in either group. The incidence of adverse reactions was lower in the test group than in the controls.Conclusion: Chemotherapy in combination with CHPP is safe and effective for patients with advanced malignant tumours and ascites should be promoted clinically.Keywords: Malignant ascites, Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion, Systemic intravenous chemotherap

Research on Tripod Gait of Bionic Hexapod Robot

Based on the bionic theory and the analyzed of movement mechanism for six-legged insect, the principle of tripod gait movement for walking robot was analyzed in this paper, and basic parameters and the principle of relative movement theory on gait research were discussed. Then the hexapod walking robot was assembled by using the component of Fischertechnik. With the characters of simple connective structure, unique design, this robot can walk forward and backward and can avoid mini-barrier. The experiment showed that this robot has good mobility and stability. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v12i1.389