Finite element method applied in mine pressure computation within the context of rock massif – support system interaction

Purpose. The analysis of the current underground mine workings, both those that are in operation and works located within the mining perimeters where activity was stopped, is leading directly to the problem of stability, i.e. safety. The aim of the paper is the stability analysis of underground workings located in strongly metamorphosed andesite and determination of mine pressure in the context of rock – support system interaction was made based on numerical methods, taking into account the effects of inhomogeneous stresses, anisotropy of rocks, and time. Methods. Numerical – based finite element method was applied to obtain the stress variation radial displacement and mine pressure epures for the analyzed mine workings. To assess the stability of underground mine workings, a mathematical model was developed based on the principle of proper conformity and safety level, according to the main factors that influence the stability of underground workings. Findings. The results obtained showed that underground workings analyzed are characterized by a low stability level, which is consistent with the results obtained by the observations and numerical method. Depending on the computed level of safety has been established correspondence to class stability of underground mine workings. The results are confirmed by in situ observations and solutions obtained by experiments. Originality. The patterns of the stress-strain state change in the context of rock – support system interaction for horizontal galleries located in strongly metamorphosed andesite. Practical implications. The research results will facilitate to improve stability of mine workings and to significantly increase the safety level throughout their entire life – cycle.Мета. Аналіз стійкості підземних гірничих виробок, пройдених у сильно метаморфізованому андезиті, за допомогою чисельних методів моделювання. Визначити характер впливу гірського тиску з урахуванням взаємодії у системі “породний масив – кріплення”, впливу неоднорідних напружень, анізотропії порід і часу. Методика. Чисельний метод кінцевих елементів використовувався для розрахунку радіального зміщення різних напружень і побудови епюри напружень для аналізованої шахти. У якості критерія міцності прийнята гіпотеза Кулона-Мора, узагальнена Друкером-Прагером відповідно до припущень Рейеса. Стійкість підземних виробок оцінювалася за допомогою математичної моделі, яка була створена на основі принципу необхідного рівня конформності та безпеки, відповідно до основних факторів, що впливають на стійкість підземних виробок. Результати. Результати, отримані у ході спостережень і чисельними методами, свідчать про низький рівень стійкості аналізованих підземних виробок. Встановлено, що зі збільшенням поперечного перерізу виробки і глибини її залягання радіальні напруження зростають від контуру до масиву, досягаючи більш низьких значень у порівнянні з напруженим станом в масиві, чим і пояснюється погіршення стійкості виробок. Визначено фактори, за якими оцінена стійкість виробки: рівень відповідності (NC), рівень безпеки (NS) і ступінь невідповідності (GC) на основі отриманої оцінки (PO) та максимальної оцінки (PM). Рекомендовано використовувати у сильно метаморфізованому андезитовому типі порід не жорстке бетонне кріплення, а кріплення з вантажонесучою здатністю, що поступово збільшується. Наукова новизна. Розкрито механізм деформування системи “масив – кріплення” у сильно метаморфізованих андезитових породах. На основі нового математичного підходу до оцінки стійкості виробок встановлено відповідність між критерієм безпеки NS і класом стійкості гірничих виробок. Практична значимість. Результати дослідження сприятимуть поліпшенню стійкості гірничих виробок і значно підвищать рівень виробничої безпеки протягом всього періоду їх експлуатації.Цель. Анализ устойчивости подземных горных выработок, пройденных в сильно метаморфизованном андезите, с помощью численных методов моделирования. Определить характер влияния горного давления с учетом взаимодействия в системе “породный массив – крепь”, влияния неоднородных напряжений, анизотропии пород и времени. Методика. Численный метод конечных элементов использовался для расчета радиального смещения различных напряжений и построения эпюры напряжений для анализируемой шахты. В качестве критерия прочности принята гипотеза Кулона-Мора, обобщенная Друкером-Прагером в соответствии с предположениями Рейеса. Устойчивость подземных выработок оценивалась при помощи математической модели, которая была создана на основе принципа необходимого уровня конформности и безопасности, в соответствии с основными факторами, влияющими на устойчивость подземных выработок. Результаты. Результаты, полученные в ходе наблюдений и численными методами, свидетельствуют о низком уровне устойчивости анализируемых подземных выработок. Установлено, что с увеличением поперечного сечения выработки и глубины ее заложения радиальные напряжения возрастают от контура к массиву, достигая более низких значений по сравнению с напряженным состоянием в массиве, чем и объясняется ухудшение устойчивости выработок. Определены факторы, по которым оценена устойчивость выработки: уровень соответствия (NC), уровень безопасности (NS) и степень несоответствия (GC) на основе полученной оценки (PO) и максимальной оценки (PM). Рекомендовано использовать в сильно метаморфизованном андезитовом типе пород не жесткую бетонную крепь, а крепь с постепенно увеличивающейся грузонесущей способностью. Научная новизна. Раскрыт механизм деформирования системы “массив – крепь” в сильно метаморфизированных андезитовых породах. На основе нового математического подхода к оценке устойчивости выработок установлено соответствие между критерием безопасности NS и классом устойчивости горных выработок. Практическая значимость. Результаты исследования будут способствовать улучшению устойчивости горных выработок и значительно повысят уровень производственной безопасности в течение всего периода их эксплуатации.This work was developed from a theoretical and experimental study on the stability analysis of underground workings located in strongly metamorphosed andesite and determination of mine pressure in the context of rock – support system interaction. We thank to our colleague dr. Gabriel Băbuţ for his assistance and support in developing the mathematical model based on the principle of proper conformity and safety level, according to the main factors that influence the stability of underground workings. We would also like to show our gratitude to the University of Petrosani which provided the necessary equipment to perform all laboratory tests in prior experimental researches leading to the results synthesized in this article

Microscopic Enteritis; Clinical Features and Correlations with Symptoms

Aim: To assess the clinical characteristic of CD as well as correlation of symptoms and the degrees of intestinal mucosal lesions in Iranian children. Background: Microscopic Enteritis (Marsh 0-II) is associated with malabsorption. Patients and methods: From August 2005 to September 2009, 111 cases with malabsorption and classical gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated. Results: The mean (±SD) age of children with CD was 4.9±3.5 years (range, 6 month - 16 years) and the mean duration of symptoms was 8 ± 20.5 months. 50 cases (45%) were female and 61 cases (55%) were male. The most common clinical presentation was failure to thrive in 72%, chronic diarrhea in 65.8% and Iron deficiency anemia in 59.5%. Sensitivity of EMA was 100% in patients with Marsh IIIb and Marsh IIIc. EMA was also positive in 77% of cases with Marsh 0, 18% in Marsh I, 44% in Marsh II and 81.8% in patients with Marsh IIIa. Conclusion: Histopathology did not reflect the severity of gluten sensitivity. This would suggest that the degree of intestinal mucosal damage might not be a reliable prognostic factor. Significant symptoms can be present with minor histological change on biopsy

A Philosophical, Theological, and Biblical Defense of the Hebrew Concept of Resurrection

This project challenges the consensus view on the origins, hermeneutics, and validity of resurrection hope in Hebrew thought. It provides a scientific, philosophical, theological, and historical defense against minimalist and moderate perspectives. The case against the minimalists offers empirical evidence for an afterlife. It demonstrates that the Hebrew Bible discloses the afterlife and that early passages express the Hebrew concept of resurrection. New scientific data for near-death experiences, as well as the existence of the soul, which contradict specific neuroscience perspectives, support this argument. The practices such as necromancy and the resurrection of Jesus provide additional evidence for an afterlife, countering minimalist views. The moderate worldview suggests that the Hebrew concept of resurrection is a borrowed doctrine, a late naturalistic development within Second Temple Judaism, or merely a metaphorical expression for the restoration of Israel. In contrast, the maximalist position advanced in this project defends an internal Hebrew development grounded in God’s revelation and early antecedents of resurrection. It insists that the central belief in a personal resurrection is rooted in the Pentateuch, reaffirmed in the Writings and the Prophets, debated during the Second Temple Judaism, and ultimately demonstrated by Christ in the New Testament. Thus, the Hebrew concept of resurrection arises from early resurrection motifs and culminates with the most explicit expression of a belief in bodily resurrection in Daniel 12. First, the evidence for the hope of resurrection in Hebrew thought is rooted in a matrix of biblical themes, including Creation, God’s love, faithfulness, judgment, sovereignty, covenants, and the promise of restoration. Secondly, a cluster of Hebrew verbs such as “to live,” “to stand up,” “to wake up,” “to rise,” “to come back,” and “to sprout forth” serve as substitutes for the absence of a technical term for “resurrection of the dead” in the Hebrew Bible. However, embracing the logic of Jesus assures that the hope of resurrection can exist without explicit expressions. Thirdly, resurrection was a fundamental belief in the rabbis’ understanding of redemption and Jewish identity. Hebrew tomb inscriptions, the distinct way Hebrews treated the body, and their burial rituals reflect the idea of resurrection. These elements convey hope and assurance for an afterlife, symbolizing the promise of future resurrection. Fourthly, the New Testament’s authors and Jesus himself affirmed the Hebrew concept of resurrection. Additionally, the deliberate design of word pairs expressed in Hosea 6:2, 13:14, Isaiah 26:19, and Daniel 12:2 reflects linguistic expressions that convey a literal concept of resurrection. Finally, the idea of double resurrection in Daniel 12:2 and the concept of rewards and punishments for the faithful and the wicked resonates with specific elements of resurrection motifs already present in Hebrew thought. Resurrection hope in the Hebrew Bible is not primarily concerned with a particular timeline but with proper hermeneutics. The Hebrew concept of resurrection is the awakening from the sleep of Death to a perfected and glorious physical life

Toward a ground-motion logic tree for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in Europe

The Seismic Hazard Harmonization in Europe (SHARE) project, which began in June 2009, aims at establishing new standards for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment in the Euro-Mediterranean region. In this context, a logic tree for ground-motion prediction in Europe has been constructed. Ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs) and weights have been determined so that the logic tree captures epistemic uncertainty in ground-motion prediction for six different tectonic regimes in Europe. Here we present the strategy that we adopted to build such a logic tree. This strategy has the particularity of combining two complementary and independent approaches: expert judgment and data testing. A set of six experts was asked to weight pre-selected GMPEs while the ability of these GMPEs to predict available data was evaluated with the method of Scherbaum et al. (Bull Seismol Soc Am 99:3234-3247, 2009). Results of both approaches were taken into account to commonly select the smallest set of GMPEs to capture the uncertainty in ground-motion prediction in Europe. For stable continental regions, two models, both from eastern North America, have been selected for shields, and three GMPEs from active shallow crustal regions have been added for continental crust. For subduction zones, four models, all non-European, have been chosen. Finally, for active shallow crustal regions, we selected four models, each of them from a different host region but only two of them were kept for long periods. In most cases, a common agreement has been also reached for the weights. In case of divergence, a sensitivity analysis of the weights on the seismic hazard has been conducted, showing that once the GMPEs have been selected, the associated set of weights has a smaller influence on the hazar

EUROCODES: BACKGROUND & APPLICATIONS: Elaboration of maps for climatic and seismic actions for structural design with the Eurocodes

Activities for promotion of policies for sustainable construction in the Balkan region Guidance for countries adopting the Eurocodes State-of-the-art material to elaborate maps for seismic and climatic actions for structural design Experience of the non-EU Balkan countries on elaboration of these mapsJRC.E.4 - Safety and Security of Building

Monitoraggio in area sismica di beni monumentali: tecniche NDT e procedure di verifica

Negli ultimi anni il concetto di vulnerabilità sismica è tristemente entrato a far parte delle conoscenze anche dei non addetti ai lavori. Infatti, gli eventi sismici che hanno interessato dagli inizi del ‘900 il territorio Italiano, hanno sistematicamente messo in risalto l’elevata vulnerabilità sismica del nostro patrimonio edilizio, ivi compresi i beni monumentali, nonché, l’inesistenza di qualsiasi attività di programmazione della manutenzione periodica ordinaria e straordinaria delle strutture sismo-resistenti, che garantiscono nel tempo la conservazione delle loro capacità di risposta alle perturbazioni esterne.Il progetto PON sul Monitoraggio in Area Sismica di SIstemi MOnumentali nasce con la prerogativa di produrre uno strumento dedicato alla tutela di strutture a valenza storico – artistica, attraverso un percorso di catalogazione, di analisi del bene inteso come elemento costituito da elementi resistenti e da materiali, di studio del sito dove la struttura è ubicata e di attività di monitoraggio

Classification of cancer cell lines using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and statistical analysis

Over the past decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‑TOF MS) has been established as a valuable platform for microbial identification, and it is also frequently applied in biology and clinical studies to identify new markers expressed in pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential of using this approach for the classification of cancer cell lines as a quantifiable method for the proteomic profiling of cellular organelles. Intact protein extracts isolated from different tumor cell lines (human and murine) were analyzed using MALDI‑TOF MS and the obtained mass lists were processed using principle component analysis (PCA) within Bruker Biotyper® software. Furthermore, reference spectra were created for each cell line and were used for classification. Based on the intact protein profiles, we were able to differentiate and classify six cancer cell lines: two murine melanoma (B16‑F0 and B164A5), one human melanoma (A375), two human breast carcinoma (MCF7 and MDA‑MB‑231) and one human liver carcinoma (HepG2). The cell lines were classified according to cancer type and the species they originated from, as well as by their metastatic potential, offering the possibility to differentiate non‑invasive from invasive cells. The obtained results pave the way for developing a broad‑based strategy for the identification and classification of cancer cell

A subaqueous hazard map for earthquake-triggered landslides in Lake Zurich, Switzerland

The awareness of geohazards in the subaqueous environment has steadily increased in the past years and there is an increased need to assess these hazards in a quantitative sense. Prime examples are subaqueous landslides, which can be triggered by a number of processes including earthquakes or human activities, and which may impact offshore and onshore infrastructure and communities. In the literature, a plenitude of subaqueous landslide events are related to historical earthquakes, including cases from lakes in Switzerland. Here, we present an approach for a basin-wide earthquake-triggered subaquatic landslide hazard assessment for Lake Zurich, which is surrounded by a densely populated shoreline. Our analysis is based on high-resolution sediment-mechanical and geophysical input data. Slope stabilities are calculated with a grid-based limit equilibrium model on an infinite slope, which uses Monte Carlo sampled input data from a sediment- mechanical stratigraphy of the lateral slopes. Combined with probabilistic ground-shaking forecasts from a recent national seismic hazard analysis, subaquatic earthquake-triggered landslide hazard maps are constructed for different mean return periods, ranging from 475 to 9975 years. Our results provide a first quantitative landslide hazard estimation for the lateral slopes in Lake Zurich. Furthermore, a back-analysis of a case-study site indicates that pseudostatic accelerations in the range between 0.04 and 0.08 g were needed to trigger a well-investigated subaqueous landslide, dated to *2210 cal. years B.P