En la búsqueda de una nueva política fiscal: los reglamentos de impuestos de Santa Fe. Tercer cuarto del siglo XIX

En la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, las autoridades provinciales iniciaron un proceso de reestructuración fiscal. Este artículo propone examinar cuáles fueron los recursos utilizados en la búsqueda de mantener una hacienda viable. Un estudio sobre el modo en que se elaboraron los reglamentos de impuestos constituye un buen observatorio desde el cual atender a las formas en que se planificaban las finanzas. Los debates que se sucedieron al interior del recinto Legislativo, por un lado, y la orientación de las reformas fiscales, por otro, constituyen los ejes que guían este análisis.The search of political fiscal: tax regulations of Santa Fe. The third quarter of the 19th century Summary: In the second half of the 19th century, the provincial authorities began a process of fiscal restructuring. This article proposes to examine what resources were used in the pursuit of maintaining a sustainable finance. A study on how tax regulations were drawn up is a good observatory from which to attend the ways in which the finance were planned. The discussions that took place within the Legislature chamber, on one hand, and orientation of fiscal reforms, on the other, are the axes that guide this analysis.Fil: de Los Rios, Evangelina Daniela. Universitat Pompeu Fabra; España. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Investigaciones Socio-Históricas Regionales. Centro de Estudios Sociales Regionales - Nodo Cesor - Ishir; Argentin

PARTICIPAÇÃO, VIABILIDADE E SUSTENTABILIDADE: DIMENSÕES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO LOCAL NUMA ASSOCIAÇÃO DE PRODUTORES RURAIS

The agribusiness unfolds in the rural Brazilian environment as one of the most efficient and competitive in the world but the rural poverty also blunts as one of the largest social blemishes for the society. The methodology applied was the study case, a milk producers’ association, comprehending some observation, semi-structured interviews and informal conversations. The study has evidenced that the association accomplishes several development indicators, job and income generation, access to rural credit, access to new technologies and important institutional partnerships. However, the association inclusion is still very limited to the associates and the social sustainability is fragile (there is an incidence of objective participation and low subjective participation), the administrative structure demands more attention regarding to the improvement intention. There is a possible social/economical instability in case of a competition incitation. However the reality is valid, provocative and highlighted into the region for the few associative enterprises successes and high level poverty, could be considered as an agent of great importance for the local development, but it still requires further preoccupation with the social side, with cooperative/associative education and more professionalism in the administration.participation, viability, sustainability and associativism.,

Dilemas implicativos e ajustamento psicológico: um estudo com alunos recém-chegados à Universidade do Minho

Neste artigo apresentamos uma investigação focalizada no ajustamento psicológico e na experiência pessoal de alunos recém-chegados à Universidade. O nosso objectivo consistiu, por um lado, em analisar as dificuldades no ajustamento psicológico que estes alunos manifestam, quer através da presença de sintomatologia psicopatológica quer através das dificuldades na resolução de problemas de vida, e por outro, analisar se estas dimensões estão relacionadas com a presença de dilemas implicativos. Participaram neste estudo 48 alunos que frequentavam pela primeira vez a Universidade do Minho. Os dilemas implicativos foram identificados através da grelha de repertório (Kelly, 1955), os sintomas psicopatológicos foram avaliados através do SCL-90-R (Derrogatis,1977) e as dificuldades na resolução de problemas foram identificadas com o Inventário de Resolução de Problemas (Vaz-Serra, 1989). Os resultados indicam uma correlação negativa e altamente significativa entre a presença de sintomatologia psicopatológica e as competências de resolução de problemas. Os resultados sugerem, ainda, que a relação entre a presença de dilemas e a sintomatologia psicopatológica, e a relação entre presença de dilemas e dificuldades na resolução de problemas, embora não significativas, são no sentido esperado. Discutimos as implicações destes resultados para a compreensão dos desafios que a transição para a Universidade pode constituir no ajustamento psicológico dos estudantes.This descriptive transversal study presents a research about the psychological adjustment and personal experience of first-year students at the University. The first goal was to analyse if psychological symptoms and difficulties in problem solving skills manifested by these students are related. Secondly we were interested in analysing if these dimensions are, each of them, related to the presence of implicative dilemmas. Forty eight students completed a Kelly Repertory grid technique, the SCL-90-R, and a Problem Solving Inventory. Results showed that difficulties in problems solving skills were associated with highest levels of psychological symptoms. However, associations between implicative dilemmas and sychological symptoms, on one hand, and problem solving skills, on the other, were not significant. Still they were on the expected direction. Implications of these results for understanding the challenges of transition to University in Psychological adjustment of students are discussed.En este artículo se presenta una investigación centrada en el ajuste psicológico y en la experiencia personal de alumnos recién llegados a la Universidad. El objetivo fue, por un lado, analizar las dificultades en el ajuste psiclógico que manifestan estos alumnos, tanto a través de lapresencia de sintomatología psicopatológica como a través de las dificultades en la resolución de problemas vitales y, por otro, analizar asi estas dimensiones se relacionam con la presencia de dilemas implicativos. En este estudio descriptivo transversal participaron 48 alumnos que aistían por primera vez a la Universidad de Minho. Los dilemas implicativos se identificaron por medio de la Regilla de Repertorios de Kelly, los síntomas psicopatógicos se evaluaron con el SCL-90-R y las difiltades en la resolución de problemas se identificaron mediante el Inventario de Resolución de Problemas. Los resultados indican una correlación negativa y altamente significativa entre la presencia de sintomatología psicopatógica y las competencias de resolución de problemas. Admás, los resultados sugieren que la relación entre presencia de dilemas e la sintomatología, así como la relación entre presencia de dilemas y dificultades en la resolución de problemas, a pesar de no ser significativas, muestran la relación esperada. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la comprensión delos desafíos que el ingreso en la Universidad supone en el ajuste psicológico de los estudantes.Centro de Investigação em Psicologia da Universidade do Minho

Fluoride release profile of a nanofilled resin-modified glass ionomer cement

The present study aimed to compare the fluoride (F-) release pattern of a nanofilled resin-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) (Ketac N100 - KN) with available GICs used in dental practice (resin-modified GIC - Vitremer - V; conventional GIC - Ketac Molar - KM) and a nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Supreme - RC). Discs of each material (n=6) were placed into 4 mL of deionized water in sealed polyethylene vials and shaken, for 15 days. F- release (μg F-/cm²) was measured each day using a fluoride-ion specific electrode. Cumulative F- release means were statistically analyzed by linear regression analysis. In order to analyze the differences among materials and the influence of time in the daily F- release, 2-way ANOVA test was performed (α=0.05). The linear fits between the cumulative F- release profiles of RC and KM and time were weak. KN and V presented a strong relationship between cumulative F- release and time. There were significant differences between the daily F- release overtime up to the third day only for GICs materials. The daily F- release means for RC were similar overtime. The results indicate that the F- release profile of the nanofilled resin-modified GIC is comparable to the resin-modified GIC.O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar o padrão de liberação de fluoreto (F-) de um cimento de ionômero de vidro (CIV) nanoparticulado modificado por resina (Ketac N100 - KN) com CIVs disponíveis na prática clínica (CIV modificado por resina - Vitremer - V; CIV convencional - Ketac Molar - KM) e uma resina composta nanoparticulada (Filtek Supreme - RC). Discos de cada material (n=6) foram imersos em 4 mL de água deionizada em frascos de polietileno e agitados durante 15 dias. A liberação de F- (μg F-/cm²) foi medida a cada dia utilizando um eletrodo de F- específico. Os valores de liberação cumulativa de F- foram analisados estatisticamente por análise de regressão linear. Com o objetivo de analisar as diferenças entre os materiais e a influência do tempo na liberação diária de F- foi aplicado o teste ANOVA a dois critérios (α=0,05). A relação entre os padrões de liberação de cumulativo de F- da RC e KM e o tempo foram fracas. Os materiais KN e V apresentaram uma relação forte entre a liberação cumulativa de F- e o tempo. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre a liberação diária de F- até o terceiro dia somente para os cimentos ionoméricos. Os resultados indicam que o padrão de liberação de F- do CIV modificado por resina nanoparticulado é semelhante ao CIV modificado por resina

Scanning electron microscopic study of the in situ effect of salivary stimulation on erosion and abrasion in human and bovine enamel

This in situ study investigated, using scanning electron microscopy, the effect of stimulated saliva on the enamel surface of bovine and human substrates submitted to erosion followed by brushing abrasion immediately or after one hour. During 2 experimental 7-day crossover phases, 9 previously selected volunteers wore intraoral palatal devices, with 12 enamel specimens (6 human and 6 bovine). In the first phase, the volunteers immersed the device for 5 minutes in 150 ml of a cola drink, 4 times a day (8h00, 12h00, 16h00 and 20h00). Immediately after the immersions, no treatment was performed in 4 specimens (ERO), 4 other specimens were immediately brushed (0 min) using a fluoride dentifrice and the device was replaced into the mouth. After 60 min, the other 4 specimens were brushed. In the second phase, the procedures were repeated but, after the immersions, the volunteers stimulated the salivary flow rate by chewing a sugar-free gum for 30 min. Enamel superficial alterations of all specimens were then evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. Enamel prism core dissolution was seen on the surfaces submitted to erosion, while on those submitted to erosion and to abrasion (both at 0 and 60 min) a more homogeneous enamel surface was observed, probably due to the removal of the altered superficial prism layer. For all the other variables - enamel substrate and salivary stimulation -, the microscopic pattern of the enamel specimens was similar

Effect of titanium tetrafluoride and amine fluoride treatment combined with carbon dioxide laser irradiation on enamel and dentin erosion

OBJECTIVE: This in vitro study aimed to analyze the influence of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser irradiation on the efficacy of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) and amine fluoride (AmF) in protecting enamel and dentin against erosion. METHODS: Bovine enamel and dentin samples were pretreated with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) laser irradiation only (group I), TiF(4) only (1% F, group II), CO(2) laser irradiation before (group III) or through (group IV) TiF(4) application, AmF only (1% F, group V), or CO(2) laser irradiation before (group VI) or through (group VII) AmF application. Controls remained untreated. Ten samples of each group were then subjected to an erosive demineralization and remineralization cycling for 5 days. Enamel and dentin loss were measured profilometrically after pretreatment, 4 cycles (1 day), and 20 cycles (5 days) and statistically analyzed using analysis of variance and Scheffe's post hoc tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed in pretreated but not cycled samples (two samples each group). RESULTS: After 20 cycles, there was significantly less enamel loss in groups V and IV and significantly less dentin loss in group V only. All other groups were not significantly different from the controls. Lased surfaces (group I) appeared unchanged in the SEM images, although SEM images of enamel but not of dentin showed that CO(2) laser irradiation affected the formation of fluoride precipitates. CONCLUSION: AmF decreased enamel and dentin erosion, but CO(2) laser irradiation did not improve its efficacy. TiF(4) showed only a limited capacity to prevent erosion, but CO(2) laser irradiation significantly enhanced its ability to reduce enamel erosion

The influence of residual salivary fluoride from dentifrice on enamel erosion: an in situ study

The objective of this study was to assess the salivary residual effect of fluoride dentifrice on human enamel subjected to an erosive challenge. This crossover in situ study was performed in two phases (A and B), involving ten volunteers. In each phase, they wore acrylic palatal appliances, each containing 3 human enamel blocks, during 7 days. The blocks were subjected to erosion by immersion of the appliances in a cola drink for 5 minutes, 4 times a day. Dentifrice was used to brush the volunteers’ teeth, 4 times a day, during 1 minute, before the appliance was replaced into the mouth. In phases A and B the dentifrices used had the same formulation, except for the absence (PD) or presence (FD) of fluoride, respectively. Enamel alterations were determined using profilometry, microhardness (%SMHC), acid- and alkali-soluble F analysis. The data were tested using ANOVA (p < 0.05). The concentrations (mean ± SD) of alkali- and acid-soluble F (µgF/cm²) were, respectively, PD: 1.27ª ± 0.70/2.24A ± 0.36 and FD: 1.49ª ± 0.44/2.24A ± 0.67 (p > 0.05). The mean wear values (± SD, µm) were PD: 3.63ª ± 1.54 and FD: 3.54ª ± 0.90 (p > 0.05). The mean %SMHC values (± SD) were PD: 89.63ª ± 4.73 and FD: 87.28ª ± 4.01 (p > 0.05). Thus, we concluded that the residual fluoride from the fluoride-containing dentifrice did not protect enamel against erosion.Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES

Evaluación de la calidad de los registros de enfermería en el área de trauma shock del servicio de emergencia. Hospital Regional Lambayeque 2015

Por el carácter legal, los registros de enfermería significan un respaldo a la labor de los profesionales de esta disciplina; sin embargo, por su variabilidad, complejidad y falta de unificación, en muchas oportunidades, no evidencian en lo escrito el cuidado brindado; por ello, se realizó el estudio denominado “evaluación de la calidad de los registros de enfermería en el área de trauma shock del servicio de emergencia Hospital Regional Lambayeque 2015”; cuyo objetivo fue evaluar la calidad de los registros de enfermería en el aspecto estructura y contenido en el área de trauma shock, así como la realización de una propuesta de registro para dicha área. La investigación fue cuantitativa, descriptiva. Se tomaron registros de enfermería en base a la historia clínica, la población estuvo constituida por 123 historias clínicas de pacientes cuya estancia promedio fue más de 24 horas de permanencia, la muestra final fue 52 historias clínicas. La validez y confiabilidad se demostró mediante el estadístico KR20 en los instrumentos contenido y estructura. Concluyendo que la evaluación de la calidad de los Registros con respecto al aspecto estructura fue Buena con 50%; es decir; el profesional enfermero incluye dentro de sus registros datos generales resaltando nombre del paciente, hora de ingreso, hay buena redacción y letra legible en las anotaciones de enfermería, colocación de sello y llenado de hoja de balance hídrico y kárdex; así mismo, con relación al aspecto contenido fue mala con un 94.2%, no evidenciándose el proceso de cuidado enfermero. Presentándose una propuesta de registro de enfermería