Tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum bleeding in women with anaemia: study protocol for an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is responsible for about 100,000 maternal deaths every year, most of which occur in low- and middle-income countries. Tranexamic acid (TXA) reduces bleeding by inhibiting the enzymatic breakdown of fibrin blood clots. TXA decreases blood loss in surgery and reduces death due to bleeding after trauma. When given within 3 h of birth, TXA reduces deaths due to bleeding in women with PPH. However, for many women, treatment of PPH is too late to prevent death. Over one third of pregnant women in the world are anaemic and many are severely anaemic. These women have an increased risk of PPH and suffer more severe outcomes if PPH occurs. There is an urgent need to identify a safe and effective way to reduce postpartum bleeding in anaemic women. METHODS/DESIGN: The WOMAN-2 trial is an international, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to quantify the effects of TXA on postpartum bleeding in women with moderate or severe anaemia. Ten thousand women with moderate or severe anaemia who have given birth vaginally will be randomised to receive 1 g of TXA or matching placebo by intravenous injection immediately (within 15 min) after the umbilical cord is cut or clamped. The primary outcome is the proportion of women with a clinical diagnosis of primary PPH. The cause of PPH will be described. Data on maternal health and wellbeing, maternal blood loss and its consequences, and other health outcomes will be collected as secondary outcomes. The main analyses will be on an 'intention-to-treat' basis, irrespective of whether the allocated treatment was received. Results will be presented as appropriate effect estimates with a measure of precision (95% confidence intervals). Subgroup analyses will be based on the severity of anaemia (moderate versus severe) and type of labour (induced or augmented versus spontaneous). A study with 10,000 patients will have over 90% power to detect a 25% relative reduction from 10 to 7.5% in PPH. The trial will be conducted in hospitals in Africa and Asia. DISCUSSION: The WOMAN-2 trial should provide reliable evidence for the effects of TXA for preventing postpartum bleeding in women with anaemia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN, ISRCTN62396133 . Registered on 7 December 2017; ClincalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03475342 . Registered on 23 March 2018

Measurement of the forward Z boson production cross-section in pp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

A measurement of the production cross-section of Z bosons in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV is presented using dimuon and dielectron final states in LHCb data. The cross-section is measured for leptons with pseudorapidities in the range $2.0 \eta 4.5$, transverse momenta $p_\text{T} 20$ GeV and dilepton invariant mass in the range $60 m(\ell\ell) 120$ GeV. The integrated cross-section from averaging the two final states is \begin{equation*}\sigma_{\text{Z}}^{\ell\ell} = 194.3 \pm 0.9 \pm 3.3 \pm 7.6\text{ pb,}\end{equation*} where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is due to systematic effects, and the third is due to the luminosity determination. In addition, differential cross-sections are measured as functions of the Z boson rapidity, transverse momentum and the angular variable $\phi^*_\eta$

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Simulated bacterial infection induces different changes in DNA methylation between introduced and native house sparrows Passer domesticus

DNA methylation, which can change within‐individuals over time and regulate gene expression, is important to many aspects of avian biology. It is particularly important in avian responses to various stressors associated with introductions, such as infection and environmental changes. However, it remains unclear whether native and introduced bird populations differ in their epigenetic responses to stressors, and how DNA methylation may contribute to the success of non‐native populations because of the limited availability of epigenetic studies. To address this knowledge gap, we used epiRADseq to investigate changes in DNA methylation within‐individual house sparrows Passer domesticus prior to and eight hours after a simulated bacterial infection. We compare wild‐caught house sparrows from introduced populations with those from native populations, assessing the number of genomic locations that exhibit changes in methylation, the magnitude of those changes, and the variance among individuals. Our results show that individuals from introduced populations experience more widespread changes in DNA methylation, with greater magnitude and higher variance, compared to their counterparts from native populations. These findings suggest that DNA methylation plays a significant role in an individual's response to infection. They also indicate that individuals from introduced populations may exhibit distinct epigenetic responses compared to their native counterparts, consistent with the concept of epigenetic buffering

Volume 03

Introduction from Dean Dr. Charles Ross Little Shop of Horrors by Longwood Theater Department Who Has the Hottest Hotsauce in Farmville: A Quantitative Comparison of Sauces from Local Restaurants by Cheryl Peck and Charles Hoever Precipitation Effects on the Growth of White Oaks and Virginia Pines on the Mt. Vernon Plantation by Brittany Anderson Design and Synthesis of Novel Ion Binding Molecules for Self-Assembly and Sensing Applications by J. Ervin Sheldon A Statistical Analysis of Algorithms for Playing SameGame by Richard Hayden Intersecting Cylinders at Arbitrary Angles by Yuri Calustro Putting a Foot in the Revolving Door: Strategies for Reducing Teacher Attrition by Candice Fleming and Rebecca Franklin The Effect of Presentation on Spanish Vocabulary Recall by Ashley Yocum How Attractive Are You? Individuals Sensitivity to Number of Sexual Partners by Danielle M. Jagoda and Cristina M. Valdivieso Culturally Relevant Practices for Teaching Code-Switching to African-American Students in Kindergarten Classrooms by Jameka Jones Two Poems – “Dust” and “Check Out Girls” by Amy Ellis Three Poems – “Rosewood Massacre, 1923”, “Jarring” and “Reverence” by Ashley Maser Three Poems – “Dirty Thunderstorm”, “Summer Hide \u27N Seek Car Tag” and “Bliss” by Erikk Shupp Analysis of the Wilton Diptych by Jamie Yurasits “Nod”, “Corriline” “Flying” “Familiar” by Alexander Leonhart Papermaking by Kenny Wolfe and Sally Meadows “Plant” by J. Haley, Amy Jackson, and Morgan Howard “Dare to Dart” by Amy Jackson, Adrienne Heinbaugh and Melissa Dorton Untitled Photographs by Hopson “Lockets” by Morgan Howard Graphic Designs and Untitled Photographs by Ciarra Stalker Selections from a Senior Recital by Joshua Davi

Estimated discharge of microplastics via urban stormwater during individual rain events

Urban stormwater runoff is an important pathway for the introduction of microplastics and other anthropogenic pollutants into aquatic environments. Highly variable concentrations of microplastics have been reported globally in runoff, but knowledge of key factors within urban environments contributing to this variability remains limited. Furthermore, few studies to date have quantitatively assessed the release of microplastics to receiving waters via runoff. The objectives of this study were to assess the influence of different catchment characteristics on the type and amount of microplastics in runoff and to provide an estimate of the quantity of microplastics discharged during rain events. Stormwater samples were collected during both dry periods (baseflow) and rain events from 15 locations throughout the city of Calgary, Canada’s fourth largest city. These catchments ranged in size and contained different types of predominant land use. Microplastics were found in all samples, with total concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 200.4 pcs/L (mean = 31.9 pcs/L). Fibers were the most prevalent morphology identified (47.7 ± 33.0%), and the greatest percentage of microplastics were found in the 125–250 µm size range (26.6 ± 22.9%) followed by the 37–125 µm size range (24.0 ± 22.3%). Particles were predominantly black (33.5 ± 33.8%), transparent (22.6 ± 31.3%), or blue (16.0 ± 21.6%). Total concentrations, dominant morphologies, and size distributions of microplastics differed between rain events and baseflow, with smaller particles and higher concentrations being found during rain events. Concentrations did not differ significantly amongst catchments with different land use types, but concentrations were positively correlated with maximum runoff flow rate, catchment size, and the percentage of impervious surface area within a catchment. Combining microplastic concentrations with hydrograph data collected during rain events, we estimated that individual outfalls discharged between 1.9 million to 9.6 billion microplastics to receiving waters per rain event. These results provide further evidence that urban stormwater runoff is a significant pathway for the introduction of microplastics into aquatic environments and suggests that mitigation strategies for microplastic pollution should focus on larger urbanized catchments

Constraints on dark matter to dark radiation conversion in the late universe with DES-Y1 and external data

84siWe study a class of decaying dark matter models as a possible resolution to the observed discrepancies between early- and late-time probes of the universe. This class of models, dubbed DDM, characterizes the evolution of comoving dark matter density with two extra parameters. We investigate how DDM affects key cosmological observables such as the CMB temperature and matter power spectra. Combining 3x2pt data from Year 1 of the Dark Energy Survey,Planck-2018 CMB temperature and polarization data, Supernova (SN) Type Ia data from Pantheon, and BAO data from BOSS DR12, MGS and 6dFGS, we place new constraints on the amount of dark matter that has decayed and the rate with which it converts to dark radiation. The fraction of the decayed dark matter in units of the current amount of dark matter, $zeta$, is constrained at 68% confidence level to be <0.32 for DES-Y1 3x2pt data, <0.030 for CMB+SN+BAO data, and <0.037 for the combined dataset. The probability that the DES and CMB+SN+BAO datasets are concordant increases from 4% for the $Lambda$CDM model to 8% (less tension) for DDM. Moreover, tension in $S_8=sigma_8sqrt{Omega_m/0.3}$ between DES-Y1 3x2pt and CMB+SN+BAO is reduced from 2.3$sigma$ to 1.9$sigma$. We find no reduction in the Hubble tension when the combined data is compared to distance-ladder measurements in the DDM model. The maximum-posterior goodness-of-fit statistics of DDM and $Lambda$CDM are comparable, indicating no preference for the DDM cosmology over $Lambda$CDM....partially_openopenChen, Angela; Huterer, Dragan; Lee, Sujeong; Ferté, Agnès; Weaverdyck, Noah; Alonso Alves, Otavio; Leonard, C. Danielle; MacCrann, Niall; Raveri, Marco; Porredon, Anna; Di Valentino, Eleonora; Muir, Jessica; Lemos, Pablo; Liddle, Andrew; Blazek, Jonathan; Campos, Andresa; Cawthon, Ross; Choi, Ami; Dodelson, Scott; Elvin-Poole, Jack; Gruen, Daniel; Ross, Ashley; Secco, Lucas F.; Sevilla, Ignacio; Sheldon, Erin; Troxel, Michael A.; Zuntz, Joe; Abbott, Tim; Aguena, Michel; Allam, Sahar; Annis, James; Avila, Santiago; Bertin, Emmanuel; Bhargava, Sunayana; Bridle, Sarah; Brooks, David; Carnero Rosell, Aurelio; Carrasco Kind, Matias; Carretero, Jorge; Costanzi, Matteo; Crocce, Martin; da Costa, Luiz; Elidaiana da Silva Pereira, Maria; Davis, Tamara; Doel, Peter; Eifler, Tim; Ferrero, Ismael; Fosalba, Pablo; Frieman, Josh; Garcia-Bellido, Juan; Gaztanaga, Enrique; Gerdes, David; Gruendl, Robert; Gschwend, Julia; Gutierrez, Gaston; Hinton, Samuel; Hollowood, Devon L.; Honscheid, Klaus; Hoyle, Ben; James, David; Jarvis, Mike; Kuehn, Kyler; Lahav, Ofer; Maia, Marcio; Marshall, Jennifer; Menanteau, Felipe; Miquel, Ramon; Morgan, Robert; Palmese, Antonella; Paz-Chinchon, Francisco; Plazas Malagón, Andrés; Roodman, Aaron; Sanchez, Eusebio; Scarpine, Vic; Schubnell, Michael; Serrano, Santiago; Smith, Mathew; Suchyta, Eric; Tarle, Gregory; Thomas, Daniel; To, Chun-Hao; Varga, Tamas Norbert; Weller, Jochen; Wilkinson, ReeseChen, Angela; Huterer, Dragan; Lee, Sujeong; Ferté, Agnès; Weaverdyck, Noah; Alonso Alves, Otavio; Leonard, C. Danielle; Maccrann, Niall; Raveri, Marco; Porredon, Anna; Di Valentino, Eleonora; Muir, Jessica; Lemos, Pablo; Liddle, Andrew; Blazek, Jonathan; Campos, Andresa; Cawthon, Ross; Choi, Ami; Dodelson, Scott; Elvin-Poole, Jack; Gruen, Daniel; Ross, Ashley; Secco, Lucas F.; Sevilla, Ignacio; Sheldon, Erin; Troxel, Michael A.; Zuntz, Joe; Abbott, Tim; Aguena, Michel; Allam, Sahar; Annis, James; Avila, Santiago; Bertin, Emmanuel; Bhargava, Sunayana; Bridle, Sarah; Brooks, David; Carnero Rosell, Aurelio; Carrasco Kind, Matias; Carretero, Jorge; Costanzi, Matteo; Crocce, Martin; da Costa, Luiz; Elidaiana da Silva Pereira, Maria; Davis, Tamara; Doel, Peter; Eifler, Tim; Ferrero, Ismael; Fosalba, Pablo; Frieman, Josh; Garcia-Bellido, Juan; Gaztanaga, Enrique; Gerdes, David; Gruendl, Robert; Gschwend, Julia; Gutierrez, Gaston; Hinton, Samuel; Hollowood, Devon L.; Honscheid, Klaus; Hoyle, Ben; James, David; Jarvis, Mike; Kuehn, Kyler; Lahav, Ofer; Maia, Marcio; Marshall, Jennifer; Menanteau, Felipe; Miquel, Ramon; Morgan, Robert; Palmese, Antonella; Paz-Chinchon, Francisco; Plazas Malagón, Andrés; Roodman, Aaron; Sanchez, Eusebio; Scarpine, Vic; Schubnell, Michael; Serrano, Santiago; Smith, Mathew; Suchyta, Eric; Tarle, Gregory; Thomas, Daniel; Chun-Hao, To; Varga, Tamas Norbert; Weller, Jochen; Wilkinson, Rees

Expanding the diversity of mycobacteriophages: insights into genome architecture and evolution.

Mycobacteriophages are viruses that infect mycobacterial hosts such as Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. All mycobacteriophages characterized to date are dsDNA tailed phages, and have either siphoviral or myoviral morphotypes. However, their genetic diversity is considerable, and although sixty-two genomes have been sequenced and comparatively analyzed, these likely represent only a small portion of the diversity of the mycobacteriophage population at large. Here we report the isolation, sequencing and comparative genomic analysis of 18 new mycobacteriophages isolated from geographically distinct locations within the United States. Although no clear correlation between location and genome type can be discerned, these genomes expand our knowledge of mycobacteriophage diversity and enhance our understanding of the roles of mobile elements in viral evolution. Expansion of the number of mycobacteriophages grouped within Cluster A provides insights into the basis of immune specificity in these temperate phages, and we also describe a novel example of apparent immunity theft. The isolation and genomic analysis of bacteriophages by freshman college students provides an example of an authentic research experience for novice scientists