Nursing and sexuality: integrative review of papers published by the Latin-American Journal of Nursing and Brazilian Journal of Nursing

This study departs from the assumption that studies addressing sexuality in the field of nursing present changes and broaden the scope of discussion to include gender and sexual rights, although a strong tendency to link sexuality to its biological aspects is still observed. This study identifies the state-of-the-art of studies addressing sexuality published by two international journals: Latin American Journal of Nursing and The Brazilian Journal of Nursing. The sources were papers published in both periodicals over a period of ten years (from 1998 to 2007). In a universe of 1,894 searched abstracts, 29 mentioned the word ‘sexuality’. The results confirm this study’s assumption showing that the studies addressing sexuality from the perspective of nursing published by these two journals broaden the understanding on the subject as they incorporate categories such as gender, but also excessively link sexuality to its biological aspects.Esta investigación partió del supuesto de que los estudios sobre sexualidad realizados por la Enfermería presentan cambios y amplían la perspectiva sobre la realidad al incluir género y derechos sexuales, a pesar de que permanezca una fuerte tendencia en la vinculación de la sexualidad a sus aspectos biológicos. El objetivo del estudio fue identificar el estado del arte de las publicaciones sobre sexualidad en dos periódicos de circulación internacional: Revista Latino Americana de Enfermería/RLAE y Revista Brasileña de Enfermería/REBEn. Las fuentes fueron artículos publicados en ambos periódicos en el período de diez años (1998 a 2007). En un universo de 1894 resúmenes consultados fueron identificados 29 que contenían en el título, palabras clave o el resumen de la palabra sexualidad. Los resultados confirman el supuesto del estudio demostrando que la producción sobre sexualidad por la Enfermería divulgada en esos dos periódicos, al mismo tiempo en que amplía la comprensión sobre la temática al incorporar categorías como género, mantiene la vinculación excesiva de la sexualidad a sus aspectos biológicos.Esta pesquisa partiu do pressuposto de que os estudos sobre sexualidade, realizados pela Enfermagem, apresentam mudanças e ampliam o olhar sobre a realidade ao incluir gênero e direitos sexuais, embora permaneça forte tendência para a vinculação da sexualidade aos seus aspectos biológicos. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar o estado da arte das publicações sobre sexualidade em dois periódicos de circulação internacional: Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem/RLAE e Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem/REBEn. As fontes foram artigos publicados em ambos os periódicos, no período de dez anos (1998 a 2007). Em um universo de 1894 resumos consultados, foram identificados 29 que traziam no título, palavras-chave, ou resumo a palavra sexualidade. Os resultados confirmam o pressuposto do estudo, demonstrando que a produção sobre sexualidade pela Enfermagem, divulgada nesses dois periódicos, ao mesmo tempo em que amplia a compreensão sobre a temática ao incorporar categorias, como gênero, mantém vinculação excessiva da sexualidade aos seus aspectos biológicos

Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Background: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. Methods: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. Findings: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42\ub74% vs 44\ub72%; absolute difference \u20131\ub769 [\u20139\ub758 to 6\ub711] p=0\ub767; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5\u20138] vs 6 [5\u20138] cm H2O; p=0\ub70011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30\ub75% vs 19\ub79%; p=0\ub70004; adjusted effect 16\ub741% [95% CI 9\ub752\u201323\ub752]; p<0\ub70001) and was inversely associated with gross domestic product (adjusted odds ratio for a US$10 000 increase per capita 0\ub780 [95% CI 0\ub775\u20130\ub786]; p<0\ub70001). Interpretation: Despite similar disease severity and ventilation management, ICU mortality in patients without ARDS is higher in MICs than in HICs, with a strong association with country-level economic status. Funding: No funding

Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in adults and children

Different neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and children and their impact have not been well characterized. We aimed to determine the prevalence of neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and ascertain differences between adults and children. We conducted a prospective multicentre observational study using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) cohort across 1507 sites worldwide from 30 January 2020 to 25 May 2021. Analyses of neurological manifestations and neurological complications considered unadjusted prevalence estimates for predefined patient subgroups, and adjusted estimates as a function of patient age and time of hospitalization using generalized linear models. Overall, 161 239 patients (158 267 adults; 2972 children) hospitalized with COVID-19 and assessed for neurological manifestations and complications were included. In adults and children, the most frequent neurological manifestations at admission were fatigue (adults: 37.4%; children: 20.4%), altered consciousness (20.9%; 6.8%), myalgia (16.9%; 7.6%), dysgeusia (7.4%; 1.9%), anosmia (6.0%; 2.2%) and seizure (1.1%; 5.2%). In adults, the most frequent in-hospital neurological complications were stroke (1.5%), seizure (1%) and CNS infection (0.2%). Each occurred more frequently in intensive care unit (ICU) than in non-ICU patients. In children, seizure was the only neurological complication to occur more frequently in ICU versus non-ICU (7.1% versus 2.3%, P < 0.001). Stroke prevalence increased with increasing age, while CNS infection and seizure steadily decreased with age. There was a dramatic decrease in stroke over time during the pandemic. Hypertension, chronic neurological disease and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were associated with increased risk of stroke. Altered consciousness was associated with CNS infection, seizure and stroke. All in-hospital neurological complications were associated with increased odds of death. The likelihood of death rose with increasing age, especially after 25 years of age. In conclusion, adults and children have different neurological manifestations and in-hospital complications associated with COVID-19. Stroke risk increased with increasing age, while CNS infection and seizure risk decreased with age

Solid Amine Sorbents For Co<Inf>2</Inf> Capture By Chemical Adsorption: A Review

Amines are well-known for their reversible reactions with CO2, which make them ideal for CO2capture from several gas streams, includingflue gas. In this respect, selective CO2absorption byaqueous alkanolamines is the most mature technology but the process is energy intensive and hasalso corrosion problems. Both disadvantages can be diminished to a certain extent by chemicaladsorption of CO2selectively. The most important element of the chemical adsorption of CO2in-volves the design and development of a suitable adsorbent which consist of a porous support ontowhich an amine is attached or immobilized. Such an adsorbent is often called as solid aminesorbent. This review covers solid amine-based studies which are developed and published in recentyears. First, the review examines several different types of porous support materials, namely, threemesoporous silica (MCM-41, SBA-15 and KIT-6) and two polymeric supports (PMMA and PS) for CO2adsorption. Emphasis is given to the synthesis, modifications and characterizations -such as BETand PXRD data-of them. Amination of these supports to obtain a solid amine sorbent throughimpregnation or grafting is reviewed comparatively. Focus is given to the adsorption mechanisms,material characteristics, and synthesis methods which are discussed in detail. Significant amount oforiginal data are also presented which makes this review unique. Finally, relevant CO2adsorption(or equilibrium) capacity data, and cyclic adsorption/desorption performance and stability ofimportant classes of solid amine sorbents are critically reviewed. These include severa PEI or TEPAimpregnated adsorbents and APTES-grafted systems