Viral RNA at two stages of reovirus infection is required for the induction of necroptosis

Necroptosis, a regulated form of necrotic cell death, requires the activation of the RIP3 kinase. Here, we identify that infection of host cells with reovirus can result in necroptosis. We find that necroptosis requires sensing of the genomic RNA within incoming virus particles via cytoplasmic RNA sensors to produce type I interferon (IFN). While these events that occur prior to the de novo synthesis of viral RNA are required for the induction of necroptosis, they are not sufficient. The induction of necroptosis also requires late stages of reovirus infection. Specifically, efficient synthesis of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) within infected cells is required for necroptosis. These data indicate that viral RNA interfaces with host components at two different stages of infection to induce necroptosis. This work provides new molecular details about events in the viral replication cycle that contribute to the induction of necroptosis following infection with an RNA virus. IMPORTANCE An appreciation of how cell death pathways are regulated following viral infection may reveal strategies to limit tissue destruction and prevent the onset of disease. Cell death following virus infection can occur by apoptosis or a regulated form of necrosis known as necroptosis. Apoptotic cells are typically disposed of without activating the immune system. In contrast, necroptotic cells alert the immune system, resulting in inflammation and tissue damage. While apoptosis following virus infection has been extensively investigated, how necroptosis is unleashed following virus infection is understood for only a small group of viruses. Here, using mammalian reovirus, we highlight the molecular mechanism by which infection with a dsRNA virus results in necroptosis

Evolution of community structure in the world trade web

In this note we study the bilateral merchandise trade flows between 186 countries over the 1948-2005 period using data from the International Monetary Fund. We use Pajek to identify network structure and behavior across thresholds and over time. In particular, we focus on the evolution of trade "islands" in the a world trade network in which countries are linked with directed edges weighted according to fraction of total dollars sent from one country to another. We find mixed evidence for globalization.Comment: To be submitted to APFA 6 Proceedings, 8 pages, 3 Figure

Relationship Between Community-Based Total Sanitation and Stunting Incidence in Medan City

Stunting remains a significant public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in Medan City. Poor sanitation has been identified as one of the key contributing factors to stunting. This study aims to analyze the relationship between community-based total sanitation and stunting incidence in Medan City. The research is a comparative study with a case-control design. It was conducted in five sub-districts with high stunting rates among the fourteen sub-districts in Medan City that have received community-based total sanitation interventions. The study was carried out from November 2023 to February 2024. The study population included all mothers with children age 0-59 months living in sub-districts that received community-based total sanitation interventions. There were 165 participants in the stunting and 49,676 in the not stunting. The sample size was calculated using the Lemeshow formula, resulting in 50 mothers for the stunting group. The not stunting group was matched to the case group in a 1:1 ratio, making the total sample size 100 mothers. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 27, employing the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05). The results showed that three pillars of community-based total sanitation were significantly related to stunting incidence: relationship between handwashing with soap and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.005; OR=4.125), relationship between household Latrine and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.001; OR=7.211), and relationship between household solid waste management and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.027; OR=2.681). The overall relationship between community-based total sanitation and stunting incidence was significant (p=0.015; OR=6.769). Recommendations for the Health Department and Community Health Centers in Medan City include enhancing the achievement of the five STBM pillars within the community through health promotion activities. Keyword:  Child, Hygiene, Mother, Sanitation, Stuntin

The Effect Of Herringbone Teaching Technique To The Reading Comprehension Ability Of Grade X Student’s Of Smk Kesehatan Tridarma Pematang Siantar Of Narrative Text

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik pengajaran herringbone terhadap kemampuan siswa kelas X SMK Kesehatan Tridarma Pematangsiantar dalam pemahaman membaca teks naratif. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dan jenis penelitian ini adalah metode Quasi-Experimental. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dan diperoleh melalui tes dan observasi. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMK Kesehatan Tridarma Pematangsiantar. Sampel penelitian ini adalah X-Keperawatan sebagai kelompok eksperimen dan X-Farmasi sebagai kelompok kontrol. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 siswa yang dipilih dengan teknik random sampling. Instrumen penelitian ini adalah tes. Pengujian dilakukan dengan pre-test dan post-test pada kelas eksperimen dan kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peneliti menemukan bahwa penggunaan teknik pengajaran Herringbone berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kemampuan membaca pemahaman siswa. Hal ini terlihat dari beberapa fakta, yaitu: 1) Rerata post-test kelompok eksperimen setelah perlakuan adalah 86,75, sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah.72, 2) Standar deviasi post-test kelompok eksperimen setelah perlakuan adalah 6,34 , sedangkan kelompok kontrol adalah 8,34, 3) Uji-t setelah perlakuan adalah 6,30 dan T-tabel pada signifikansi 0,05 adalah 1,9. Jadi hipotesis dapat dibangun dengan (6,30>1,9), artinya nilai t-test 6,30 lebih tinggi dari t-tabel 1,9. Oleh karena itu Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik pengajaran Herringbone dapat memiliki pengaruh yang baik pada pemahaman bacaan

PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN KERJA, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL PADA BADAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK PROVINSI BALI

Gaya kepemimpinan memegang peranan penting dalam suatu organisasi, pemimpin adalah motor penggerak utama dalam organisasi agar semua tujuan organisasi bisa tercapai. Untuk mencapai semuanya itu organisasi perlu memperhatikan lingkungan kerja pegawai agar bisa tercipta suasana yang nyaman dalam melakukan aktivitas. Disamping itu motivasi kerja bisa tercapai apabila pegawai termotivasi untuk bekerja lebih optimal guna meningkatkan kinerja pegawai. Sedangkan kinerja pegawai dalam suatu organisasi merupakan tolok ukur untuk mencapai target dan sasaran yang diharapkan guna terciptanya Aparatur Sipil Negara yang professional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai Badan Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Provinsi Bali, metode penentuan sampel yang digunakan adalah metode angket yang jumlah 33 orang. Penguji hipotesis penelitian menggunakan PLS dengan program pengolah data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja, (2) gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap lingkungan kerja, (3) gaya kepemimpinan berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja, (4) lingkungan kerja berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja dan (5) motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap kinerja.Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah gaya kepemimpinan, lingkungan kerja, motivasi kerja, kinerja pegawai perlu ditingkatkan guna meningkatkan kinerja PNS pada Badan Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak Provinsi Bali

Diseño De Una Camara De Conservacion De Vacunas Sinopharm Para Cubrir Capacidad De Almacenamiento De 265 M3 En La Empresa Hofarm En Lurin-Lima

El diseño de la cámara de conservación se realizará para la empresa HOFARM ubicado en Lurín-Lima. La alta demanda de vacunas que requieren los países para inmunizar a su población ha puesto a flote el déficit de capacidad de almacenamiento de vacunas como el caso de Perú que se vio forzado a instalar cámaras de conservación. El proyecto consta de tres capítulos. El primer capítulo hace referencia a la delimitación del proyecto, definición de objetivos. El segundo capítulo trata del marco teórico donde se describe los principios de refrigeración. El tercer capítulo hace mención al diseño y cálculo de la cámara de conservación, análisis y selección de componentes principales del sistema de refrigeración. La cámara de conservación deberá garantizar una temperatura uniforme al interior de la cámara (rango de temperatura 2 ºC a 8 ºC) con una capacidad de almacenamiento de 980, 800 dosis de vacunas Sinopharm garantizando su correcta conservación dentro de los limites indicados en la ficha técnica.Trabajo de suficiencia profesiona

INTEGRAÇÃO ENTRE DIREITO E PSICOLOGIA EM UM NÚCLEO DE PRÁTICAS JURÍDICAS UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA SOBRE MEDIAÇÃO DE CONFLITO

O presente artigo resulta das experiências de estágio supervisionado em psicologia como parte do requisito para obtenção do título de bacharel. Como aluno finalista do curso, foi necessário compilar toda a bagagem teórica adquirida ao longo do percurso de formação e colocar em prática tudo o que havia sido construído como acadêmico.O estágio consistiu na condução de sessões de mediação de conflitos realizadas no âmbito do Núcleo de Prática Jurídica da Universidade Vila Velha (NUPRAJUR), que oferece atendimento jurídico e interdisciplinar gratuito à população de baixa renda da Grande Vitória. Objetivou-se refletir sobre tais práticas e contribuir para a disseminação de uma cultura de pacificação

The Enterovirus 71 A-particle Forms a Gateway to Allow Genome Release: A CryoEM Study of Picornavirus Uncoating

Since its discovery in 1969, enterovirus 71 (EV71) has emerged as a serious worldwide health threat. This human pathogen of the picornavirus family causes hand, foot, and mouth disease, and also has the capacity to invade the central nervous system to cause severe disease and death. Upon binding to a host receptor on the cell surface, the virus begins a two-step uncoating process, first forming an expanded, altered "A-particle", which is primed for genome release. In a second step after endocytosis, an unknown trigger leads to RNA expulsion, generating an intact, empty capsid. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions of these two capsid states provide insight into the mechanics of genome release. The EV71 A-particle capsid interacts with the genome near the icosahedral two-fold axis of symmetry, which opens to the external environment via a channel ~10 Å in diameter that is lined with patches of negatively charged residues. After the EV71 genome has been released, the two-fold channel shrinks, though the overall capsid dimensions are conserved. These structural characteristics identify the two-fold channel as the site where a gateway forms and regulates the process of genome release. © 2013 Shingler et al

Gambaran Umum Kondisi Penampungan Air Dengan Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Kader Kesehatan Desa Mertan, Sukoharjo

Dengue hemorrhagic fever is one of the diseases for which no vaccine has yet been found, where Sukoharjo Regency experienced a spike in DHF cases of 144 cases and Mertan Village was one of the 3 villages experiencing the highest spike in cases. The purpose of this research is to provide an overview of the condition of water storage areas on the incidence of dengue fever in Mertan Village, using a descriptive design method to 22 health cadres by purposive sampling. The results of this study showed that 22 research respondents and their families did not suffer from dengue disease (100%), the number of water reservoirs owned by each respondent was 1-17 for the inside TPA and the outside TPA was 1- 13 pieces. TPA where the mosquito larvae were found were drums (outdoor water reservoirs) and bathtubs (internal water reservoirs) because the TPA was very difficult to check and drain regularly. Most of the research respondents in Mertan Village, have maintained the number of water reservoirs in the good category of 54.5%, but there are still respondents who find mosquito larvae in their water reservoirs. Therefore, the community needs to be re-emphasized to always clean all water reservoirs around the home environment to prevent the emergence of mosquitoes carrying dengue disease