Crowd-Sourcing Fuzzy and Faceted Classification for Concept Search

Searching for concepts in science and technology is often a difficult task. To facilitate concept search, different types of human-generated metadata have been created to define the content of scientific and technical disclosures. Classification schemes such as the International Patent Classification (IPC) and MEDLINE's MeSH are structured and controlled, but require trained experts and central management to restrict ambiguity (Mork, 2013). While unstructured tags of folksonomies can be processed to produce a degree of structure (Kalendar, 2010; Karampinas, 2012; Sarasua, 2012; Bragg, 2013) the freedom enjoyed by the crowd typically results in less precision (Stock 2007). Existing classification schemes suffer from inflexibility and ambiguity. Since humans understand language, inference, implication, abstraction and hence concepts better than computers, we propose to harness the collective wisdom of the crowd. To do so, we propose a novel classification scheme that is sufficiently intuitive for the crowd to use, yet powerful enough to facilitate search by analogy, and flexible enough to deal with ambiguity. The system will enhance existing classification information. Linking up with the semantic web and computer intelligence, a Citizen Science effort (Good, 2013) would support innovation by improving the quality of granted patents, reducing duplicitous research, and stimulating problem-oriented solution design. A prototype of our design is in preparation. A crowd-sourced fuzzy and faceted classification scheme will allow for better concept search and improved access to prior art in science and technology

A search for soft X-ray emission associated with prominent high-velocity-cloud complexes

We correlate the ROSAT 1/4 keV all-sky survey with the Leiden/Dwingeloo HI survey, looking for soft X-ray signatures of prominent high-velocity-cloud (HVC) complexes. We study the transfer of 1/4 keV photons through the interstellar medium in order to distinguish variations in the soft X-ray background (SXRB) intensity caused by photoelectric absorption effects from those due to excess X-ray emission. The X-ray data are modelled as a combination of emission from the Local Hot Bubble (LHB) and emission from a distant plasma in the galactic halo and extragalactic sources. The X-ray radiation intensity of the galactic halo and extragalactic X-ray background is modulated by the photoelectric absorption of the intervening galactic interstellar matter. We show that large- and small-scale intensity variations of the 1/4 keV SXRB are caused by photoelectric absorption which is predominantly traced by the total N(HI) distribution. The extensive coverage of the two surveys supports evidence for a hot, X-ray emitting corona. We show that this leads to a good representation of the SXRB observations. For four large areas on the sky, we search for regions where the modelled and observed X-ray emission differ. We find that there is excess X-ray emission towards regions near HVC complexes C, D, and GCN. We suggest that the excess X-ray emission is positionally correlated with the high-velocity clouds. Some lines of sight towards HVCs also pass through significant amounts of intermediate-velocity gas, so we cannot constrain the possible role played by IVC gas in these directions of HVC and IVC overlap, in determining the X-ray excesses.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics main journa

Ponte ciclopedonale sul Fiume Serio a Nembro

Progetto realizzato di ponte ciclopedonale sul fiume Serio, comune di Nembro (Bergamo)

Hubungan Tingkat Keberdayaan dengan Tingkat Kemandirian Anggota Kelompoktani Program Sistem Pertanian Terpadu (Spt) PT. Rapp di Kabupaten Siak

The purpose of this research are: 1) Assessing the level of empowerment program members of farmer groups Integrated Farming Systems PT. RAPP in Siak, 2) Assess the degree of independence of members of farmers program Integrated Farming Systems PT. RAPP in Siak, 3) Knowing the empowerment level relationship with the level of independence of farmers program Integrated Farming Systems PT. RAPP in Siak. This study was conducted in Siak district, which includes three sub-districts right kerinci, District and Sub-District Dayun River Apit starting from September 2015 to January 2017. The determination of sampling determined by purposive sampling with the consideration that the farmer who made the respondent is a member of the built members of farmer groups PT. RAPP program received Integrated Agricultural Systems, members of farmer groups most active members, assistance programs Integrated Farming System representing all farmer groups. The number of respondents as many as 30 people. The analysis using Likert scale and Rank Spearman correlation analysis. The results of this study show that: 1) The level of empowerment members of farmer groups in the program Integrated Farming Systems Siak Regency included in the category of Most Powerful. 2) The level of independence of members of farmer groups in Siak program Integrated Farming Systems included in the High category. 3) Relationship level of empowerment to the level of independence of members of farmers Integrated Farming Systems program showed a positive correlation (Unidirectional). This suggests that when the members of the degree of independence helpless farmer group members is also high