ENIGMA and global neuroscience: A decade of large-scale studies of the brain in health and disease across more than 40 countries.

This review summarizes the last decade of work by the ENIGMA (Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Consortium, a global alliance of over 1400 scientists across 43 countries, studying the human brain in health and disease. Building on large-scale genetic studies that discovered the first robustly replicated genetic loci associated with brain metrics, ENIGMA has diversified into over 50 working groups (WGs), pooling worldwide data and expertise to answer fundamental questions in neuroscience, psychiatry, neurology, and genetics. Most ENIGMA WGs focus on specific psychiatric and neurological conditions, other WGs study normal variation due to sex and gender differences, or development and aging; still other WGs develop methodological pipelines and tools to facilitate harmonized analyses of "big data" (i.e., genetic and epigenetic data, multimodal MRI, and electroencephalography data). These international efforts have yielded the largest neuroimaging studies to date in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, substance use disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. More recent ENIGMA WGs have formed to study anxiety disorders, suicidal thoughts and behavior, sleep and insomnia, eating disorders, irritability, brain injury, antisocial personality and conduct disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. Here, we summarize the first decade of ENIGMA's activities and ongoing projects, and describe the successes and challenges encountered along the way. We highlight the advantages of collaborative large-scale coordinated data analyses for testing reproducibility and robustness of findings, offering the opportunity to identify brain systems involved in clinical syndromes across diverse samples and associated genetic, environmental, demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors

Reverse Logistics Pricing Strategy for a Green Supply Chain: A View of Customers’ Environmental Awareness

The effectiveness of a reverse logistics strategy is contingent upon the successful execution of activities related to materials and product reuse. Green supply chain (GSC) in reverse logistics aims to minimize byproducts from ending up in landfills. This paper considers a retailer responsible for recycling and a manufacturer responsible for remanufacturing. Customer environmental awareness (CEA) is operationalized as customer word-of-mouth effect. We form three game theoretic models for two different scenarios with different pricing strategies, i.e. a non - cooperative pricing scenario based on Stackelberg equilibrium and Nash equilibrium, and a joint pricing scenario within a cooperative game model. The paper suggests that stakeholders are better off making their pricing and manufacturing decision in cooperation

A modified perioperative regimen for deceased donor kidney transplantation in presensitized recipients without prior desensitization therapy

BackgroundRenal transplantation in HLA-presensitized recipients entails an increased risk of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) and graft loss. There is currently no accepted standard treatment protocol that can help transplant surgeons safely perform deceased donor (DD) kidney transplantation in presensitized patients without pretransplant desensitization.MethodsFifty-one panel-reactive antibody (PRA)-positive recipients and 62 PRA-negative retransplant recipients (control) who received DD renal transplantation were included. Patients in the presensitized group (donor-specific antibody [DSA]-positive, n=25; DSA-negative, n=26) without desensitization received a modified perioperative treatment starting on day 0 or -1 with rituximab, thymoglobulin, and low daily doses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, 10-20 g/d, for 14 days). Plasmapheresis was performed once before surgery in DSA-positive recipients.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 51 months in the presensitized group and 41 months in the control group. The incidence of early acute rejection (AR) and AMR (including mixed rejection) was 35.3% and 13.7% in the presensitized group, respectively, significantly higher than in the control group (14.5% and 1.6%, respectively). Within the presensitized group, the DSA-positive subgroup had more AMR than the DSA-negative subgroup (24.0% vs. 3.8%), but the incidence of T cell-mediated rejection was comparable (20.0% vs. 23.4%). In the presensitized group, all rejections were successfully reversed, and graft function remained stable during follow-up. The 1-year and 3-year survival rates of the grafts and recipients in this group were 98.0%.ConclusionWith a modified IVIG-based perioperative regimen, excellent intermediate-term graft and recipient survival outcomes can be achieved in presensitized patients who received DD kidney transplantation without prior desensitization

in Floral Formation of Mid-late Maturing Litchi in Guangdong Province in 2024

【Objective】Whether the litchi trees form flowers is a key determinant of litchi yield. In 2024, in the litchiproducing areas of Guangdong Province, phenomena such as poor flower quality, reduced flowers or even complete absence of blossoms occurred in mid-late maturing litchi, resulting in an extremely low-yield year for litchi, marking a "super off-year" for lychee production. Exploring the influence and restriction of climate condition on the floral initiation of mid-late maturing litchi can furnish a scientific basis for effectively circumventing risks in litchi production, thereby promoting the sustainable development of litchi industry within the context of a complex and changeable climate environment.【Method】The daily observation data from six national meteorological stations in Guangdong Province from November 2023 to February 2024 and the data on the floral formation rate of litchi were used in this study. The climate conditions during the flower differentiation period of mid-late maturing litchi in six typical regions in the litchi-producing areas of Guangdong Province, namely, Lianjiang and Gaozhou in western Guangdong, Zengcheng and Dongguan in the Pearl River Delta, and Huilai and Raoping in eastern Guangdong, were analyzed from three aspects: temperature, sunlight, and moisture. The relationship between the differences in the floral formation rate of litchi and the climate conditions was compared and analyzed.【Result】During the critical period for the floral formation of mid-late maturing litchi in the litchi-producing areas of Guangdong Province, there were situations such as relatively high temperatures with large variability, late occurrence of low temperatures and long intervals between them, excessive accumulated heat, less sunlight with prominent periods of low light intensity, and insufficient precipitation in the later stage of floral formation, which led to few or no flowers on litchi. There was generally little difference in moisture conditions, but significant differences in temperature and sunlight conditions in the six typical regions, indicating that temperature and sunlight conditions had a greater restrictive effect on the few or no flowers of mid-late maturing litchi in Guangdong Province in 2024 compared with moisture conditions. The traditional high-quality mid-late maturing litchi varieties such as 'Guiwei' and 'Nuomici' in Raoping had a floral formation rate of over 70%, while it was less than 20% in the other regions. This was related to the relatively good climate conditions in Raoping. The specific indicators were as follows: the maximum number of days with an average daily temperature below 19.0℃ was 92 days, the second highest number of days with an average daily temperature below 14.0℃ was 30 days, the minimum number of days with the maximum daily temperature ≥ 25.0℃ was only 29 days, the extremely low temperature was 3.0-4.0℃ and lasted for no more than 3 days, the amount of heat accumulation at hot day with the minimum daily temperature ≥ 22℃ was only 22.2℃, the sunshine hours were over 20% higher than those in the same period of the past five years and the minimum number of days with a daily cumulative sunshine hours ≤ 2 h was only 13 days, and the precipitation from late December 2023 to late January 2024 was less than 15 mm while the precipitation in early and mid-February 2024 exceeded 15 mm. In the future, the above factors can be considered in the study of the relationship between litchi yield and climate conditions, and the production management of litchi orchards. Under the same climate conditions, the floral formation rate of varieties with high chilling requirements such as 'Guiwei' and 'Nuomici' in Dongguan and Huilai was less than 20%, while that of varieties with lower chilling requirements such as 'Guanyinlvl' and 'Lingfengnuo' reached more than 50%.【Conclusion】Temperature and sunlight conditions are the dominant climatic factors that restrict the floral differentiation of mid-late maturing litchi in Guangdong Province. Against the backdrop of global warming, disasters such as warm winters, continuous overcast and rainy conditions with insufficient sunlight should not be overlooked. It is recommended that litchi farmers adjust the planted varieties in a timely manner, thereby promoting the sustainable and high-quality development of the litchi industry

Research advances and trends in the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome from 2003 to 2022: A CiteSpace-based bibliometric analysis

BackgroundCarpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common peripheral neuropathies. The typical symptoms are tingling and numbness in the median nerve distribution of the hand. Current treatment for CTS includes general conservative treatment and surgical treatment. Surgical treatment plays a crucial role in the management of CTS, but little bibliometric analysis has been conducted on it. Therefore, this study aimed to map the literature co-citation network using CiteSpace (6.1 R4) software. Research frontiers and trends were identified by retrieving subject headings with significant changing word frequency trends, which can be used to predict future research advances in the surgical treatment of CTS.MethodsPublications on the surgical treatment of CTS in the Web of Science database were collected between 2003 and 2022. CiteSpace software was applied to visualize and analyze publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords.ResultsA total of 336 articles were collected, with the USA being the major publishing power in all countries/regions. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY AMERICAN VOLUME was the journal with the most published and co-cited articles. Based on keyword and reference co-citation analysis, keywords such as CTS, surgery, release, median nerve, and diagnosis were the focus of the study.ConclusionThe results of this bibliometric study provide clinical research advances and trends in the surgical treatment of patients with CTS over the past 20 years, which may help researchers to identify hot topics and explore new directions for future research in the field

An unsupervised domain adaptation brain CT segmentation method across image modalities and diseases

International audienceComputed tomography (CT) is the primary diagnostic tool for brain diseases. To determine the appropriate treatment plan, it is necessary to ascertain the patient's bleeding volume. Automatic segmentation algorithms for hemorrhagic lesions can significantly improve efficiency and avoid treatment delays. However, for deep supervised learning algorithms, a large amount of labeled training data is usually required, making them difficult to apply clinically. In this study, we propose an unsupervised domain adaptation method that is an unsupervised domain adaptation segmentation model that can be trained across modalities and diseases. We call it AMD-DAS for brain CT hemorrhage segmentation tasks. This circumvents the heavy data labeling task by converting the source domain data (MRI with glioma) to our task's required data (CT with Intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH)). Our model implements a two-stage domain adaptation process to achieve this objective. In the first stage, we train a pseudo-CT image synthesis network using the CycleGAN architecture through a matching mechanism and domain adaptation approach. In the second stage, we use the model trained in the first stage to synthesize the pseudo-CT images. We use the pseudo-CT with source domain labels and real CT images to train a domain-adaptation segmentation model. Our method exhibits a better performance than the basic one-stage domain adaptation segmentation method (+11.55 Dice score) and achieves an 86.93 Dice score in the IPH unsupervised segmentation task. Our model can be trained without using a ground-truth label, therefore increasing its application potential. Our implementation is publicly available at https://github.com/GuanghuiFU/AMD-DAS-Brain-CT-Segmentation

Summary of drug therapy to treat cognitive impairment-induced obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a severe sleep disorder associated with intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation. Cognitive impairment is a signifi- cant and common OSA complication often described in such patients. The most commonly utilized methods in clinical OSA treatment are oral appliances and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). However, the current therapeutic methods for improving cognitive function could not achieve the expected efficacy in same patients. Therefore, further understanding the molecular mechanism behind cognitive dysfunction in OSA disease will provide new treatment methods and targets. This review briefly summarized the clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment in OSA disease. Moreover, the pathophysiological molecular mechanism of OSA was outlined. Our study concluded that both SF and IH could induce cognitive impairment by multiple signaling pathways, such as oxidative stress activation, inflammation, and apoptosis. However, there is a lack of effective drug therapy for cognitive impairment in OSA. Finally, the therapeutic potential of some novel compounds and herbal medicine was evaluated on attenuating cognitive impairment based on certain preclinical studies

Case report: Application of morphology in the diagnosis of siderosis in a patient with tuberculosis infection

A 49-year-old male who had been working in welding for more than 30 years was admitted to the hospital for a medical checkup that revealed a lung shadow without specific symptoms such as coughing and sputum. Imaging studies showed diffuse ground-glass changes in both lungs, wall cavities with wall nodules, multiple peripheral nodules, and some nodules with calcification. The patient has been engaged in welding work for more than 30 years and exposed to iron dust. Lung tissue biopsy, routine morphological and pathological fluid basis examination of alveolar lavage fluid, can be considered as pulmonary iron particles, which can be regarded as iron dust lung. Acid-fast bacilli were detected in both fibrobronchoscopic brush extract and alveolar lavage fluid acid-fast staining. As the pathological examination revealed granulomatous inflammation showed caseation necrosis, the patient was judged to have concomitant pulmonary TB. After the diagnosis was made, the patient was no longer exposed to dust and was treated with appropriate anti- tuberculosis (TB) therapy. Lung lesions caused by welding have been reported, but the simultaneous finding of siderosis with pulmonary TB is specific to the case presented here. By describing the imaging features, combining different staining methods of alveolar lavage fluid and pathological examination of lung tissue, we showed various morphological manifestations of this case, aiming at improving the morphological diagnosis level of laboratory physicians and enabling patients to be diagnosed and treated early

Stable metal-organic frameworks containing single-molecule traps for enzyme encapsulation

Enzymatic catalytic processes possess great potential in chemical manufacturing, including pharmaceuticals, fuel production and food processing. However, the engineering of enzymes is severely hampered due to their low operational stability and difficulty of reuse. Here, we develop a series of stable metal-organic frameworks with rationally designed ultra-large mesoporous cages as single-molecule traps (SMTs) for enzyme encapsulation. With a high concentration of mesoporous cages as SMTs, PCN-333(Al) encapsulates three enzymes with record-high loadings and recyclability. Immobilized enzymes that most likely undergo single-enzyme encapsulation (SEE) show smaller Km than free enzymes while maintaining comparable catalytic efficiency. Under harsh conditions, the enzyme in SEE exhibits better performance than free enzyme, showing the effectiveness of SEE in preventing enzyme aggregation or denaturation. With extraordinarily large pore size and excellent chemical stability, PCN-333 may be of interest not only for enzyme encapsulation, but also for entrapment of other nanoscaled functional moieties.</p

Expert consensus on resection of chest wall tumors and chest wall reconstruction

Chest wall tumors are a relatively uncommon disease in clinical practice. Most of the published studies about chest wall tumors are usually single-center retrospective studies, involving few patients. Therefore, evidences regarding clinical conclusions about chest wall tumors are lacking, and some controversial issues have still to be agreed upon. In January 2019, 73 experts in thoracic surgery, plastic surgery, science, and engineering jointly released the Chinese Expert Consensus on Chest Wall Tumor Resection and Chest Wall Reconstruction (2018 edition). After that, numerous experts put forward new perspectives on some academic issues in this version of the consensus, pointing out the necessity to further discuss the points of contention. Thus, we conducted a survey through the administration of a questionnaire among 85 experts in the world. Consensus has been reached on some major points as follows. (I) Wide excision should be performed for desmoid tumor (DT) of chest wall. After excluding the distant metastasis by multi-disciplinary team, solitary sternal plasmacytoma can be treated with extensive resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. (II) Wide excision with above 2 cm margin distance should be attempted to obtain R0 resection margin for chest wall tumor unless the tumor involves vital organs or structures, including the great vessels, heart, trachea, joints, and spine. (III) For patients with chest wall tumors undergoing unplanned excision (UE) for the first time, it is necessary to carry out wide excision as soon as possible within 1-3 months following the previous surgery. (IV) Current Tumor Node Metastasis staging criteria (American Joint Committee on Cancer) of bone tumor and soft tissue sarcoma are not suitable for chest wall sarcomas. (V) It is necessary to use rigid implants for chest wall reconstruction once the maximum diameter of the chest wall defect exceeds 5 cm in adults and adolescents. (VI) For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invading the chest wall, wide excision with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant therapy are recommended for patients with stage T3-4N0-1M0. As clear guidelines are lacking, these consensus statements on controversial issues on chest wall tumors and resection could possibly serve as further guidance in clinical practice during the upcoming years