PROPAGANDA OF SUCCESS IN THE AREA OF THE STATE’S SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC POLICY

An attentive observer of the social and political life in Poland has certainly noticed changes in the way the government communicates with the public since the United Right (Zjednoczona Prawica) came to power at the end of 2015. Media messages, saturated with persuasive elements, have ceased to have an exclusively informative function. The government, with the help of the media, especially the public media, has begun to practise propaganda on a large scale. One of its manifestations is the impression created in the society that success has been achieved in the social and economic sphere. However, this is often at the expense of a breach of ethical standards in terms of content and form. The aim of this study is to examine whether and to what extent respondents critically analyse the content of media messages related to the “Family 500+” (Rodzina 500+) programme, as well as to the unemployment rate and the GDP dynamics. A survey conducted by the author shows that the government’s propaganda has not been very effective in shaping the knowledge and attitudes of the interviewees. The limited effectiveness of such messages can be linked to the sources of information used by young people participating in the survey

Demographic and Socio-Economic Factors as Barriers to Robo-Advisory Acceptance in Poland

Theoretical background: One manifestation of the use of artificial intelligence technology in financial services is robo-advisory. Automated assistants are used in the area of communication with consumers and the sale of financial products. The development of robo-advisory services may contribute to increasing the availability of financial services and the cost efficiency of banks’ operations. So far, however, robo-advisory has not been widely used in bank services, and the reasons for this can be seen in the lack of wide acceptance of robo-advisory by bank customers, among other things.Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to identify barriers to the acceptance of robo-advisory in the services of banks operating in Poland. Variables relating to the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of consumers were analysed. Knowledge in this area can provide banks with a practical guideline for activities aimed at increasing acceptance of artificial intelligence technology and wider use of robo-advisory in financial services.Research methods: The paper uses the results of a survey conducted in October 2020 regarding the application of artificial intelligence technology in the banking sector in Poland. The survey included a representative sample of 911 Polish citizens aged 18–65. A multinomial logit model was employed to identify variables that represent significant barriers to robo-advisory acceptance in financial services.Main findings: The conducted research helped identify the barriers to acceptance of robo-advisory among consumers in Poland. A low propensity to use robo-advisory in bank services is characteristic of respondents from older age groups, as well as those who do not show a predilection for testing new technological solutions. Lack of experience in using investment advisory services and customer concerns about the misuse of personal data by banks are also significant barriers

The financial aspect of intergenerational solidarity from the point of view of the senior

Many currents in economics put an emphasis on the social aspect of management. Recommendations are formulated with regard to using resources having in mind the satisfaction of needs by the current and future generations. The economic crisis has shown the bad state of public finance of many countries and put into question the existence of intergenerational solidarity in the financial terms. The lack of balance between generations is related with a high level of public debt and social obligations of the state burdening chiefly the young generation. The study aims at examining how seniors understand the nature and financial expressions of intergenerational solidarity. The supplementary objective is to learn the seniors’ views on the need and directions of reforms of the Polish public finance, in particular in the scope of pension and health benefits. Objectives were achieved and research hypotheses verified through the critical analysis of literature on the issue and on the basis of the author’s survey among the members of the Toruń Third Age University and the Kujawsko-Dobrzyński Third Age University. The results achieved allow for a conclusion that the vast majority of respondents understand the notion of intergenerational solidarity incorrectly are not aware of the scale of financial obligations which were put on the younger generations, and put too much emphasis on their own input into the increase of our country’s wealth. It Has also turned out that seniors very often present a demanding attitude in the field of the state’s social expenditure and do not take into consideration the financial capabilities of the state. Translated by Dariusz PiotrowskiFinansowy aspekt solidarności międzypokoleniowej z punktu widzenia seniora. Wiele nurtów w ekonomii akcentuje społeczny aspekt gospodarowania. Formułowane są zalecenia dotyczące wykorzystania zasobów z myślą o zaspokajaniu potrzeb przez obecne i przyszłe pokolenia. Kryzys gospodarczy ukazał zły stan finansów publicznych wielu krajów i poddał w wątpliwość istnienie solidarności międzypokoleniowej w ujęciu finansowym. Brak równowagi między pokoleniami ma związek z wysokim poziomem długu publicznego oraz zobowiązaniami socjalnymi państwa obciążającymi głównie młode pokolenie. Celem pracy było zbadanie zrozumienia przez seniorów istoty i finansowych przejawów solidarności międzypokoleniowej. Jako cel uzupełniający przyjęto natomiast poznanie poglądów seniorów na temat potrzeby i kierunków reform finansów publicznych Polski, w szczególności w zakresie świadczeń emerytalnych oraz zdrowotnych. Realizacja celów i weryfikacja hipotez badawczych nastąpiła w drodze krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu oraz w oparciu o wyniki autorskiego badania ankietowego przeprowadzonego wśród członków Toruńskiego oraz Kujawsko-Dobrzyńskiego Uniwersytetu Trzeciego Wieku. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły stwierdzić, iż przeważająca część respondentów niepoprawnie rozumie pojęcie solidarności międzypokoleniowej oraz nie jest świadoma skali zobowiązań finansowych, którymi obarczono młodsze pokolenia, zbyt mocno natomiast akcentuje własny wkład we wzrost bogactwa naszego kraju. Okazało się także, że seniorzy bardzo często wykazują postawę roszczeniową w obszarze wydatków socjalnych państwa nie licząc się z możliwościami finansowymi kraju

Trust in the banking sector in Poland in comparison to global trends

Motivation: Banks are called public trust institutions. This term underlines the importance of trust in the activities of these institutions. The global financial crisis has drastically reduced public trust in banks. However, nowadays, at a time of a global crisis of social trust in broadly understood institutions, more and more people tend to trust banks. This phenomenon has given rise to the need to identify factors for restoring trust in banks.Aim: The aim of the study is to compare changes in the level of trust in banks in Poland with the trends observed in this respect on a global scale. Factors strengthening or weakening public trust in banks will be also identified.Results: The research shows that in the case of the Polish market, financial stability, improvement of the quality of services provided, and care for security are the factors that have been mainly responsible for the increase in trust in banks in recent years. On a global scale, efficient problem-solving/complaint handling is also an important determinant of high trust in banks. Moreover, cultural factors were identified as determinants of differences in the level of trust in the banking sector in countries of the Western and Eastern civilisations. The research also resulted in demonstrating that the changes in the level of trust recorded for the Polish market were to a large extent a reflection of processes taking place on a global scale. However, a more detailed analysis of the data showed that in the time of the financial crisis in 2009, the decline in the level of trust in banks observed in Poland was stronger than on the global market. In turn, during the period of global economy growth, one year before the outbreak of the COVID–19 pandemic, trust in the banking sector in Poland was at a higher level than the average level of trust in banks recorded on a global scale. Such a considerable dispersion of results stems mainly from factors of an emotional nature

ICTs in the banking sector in the times of the COVID-19 pandemic: the customer’s perspective

Motivation: The digitization of financial services has brought a noticeable decline in the importance of branch banking for customers wanting to contact their bank or receive financial services. The lack of personal contact with bank employees has become particularly significant during the pandemic, with remote modes of communication reducing the risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Aim: The present study applies the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient and binomial logit model to determine the impact of the digitization of bank services and the COVID-19 pandemic on retail customers’ needs for branch banking. Results: The empirical research conducted demonstrated that the factors significantly positively influencing the need to use financial services provided by staff in bank branches were respondent experience in using bank advisory services and fear of interpersonal contact in the pandemic context. Meanwhile, variables with a negative effect were the use of the electronic banking platform, attitudes towards the use of the artificial intelligence technology in the banking sector, and perceptions of the advantages of remote communication with institutions in the pandemic context

PAYMENT INNOVATIONS IN POLAND: A NEW APPROACH OF THE BANKING SECTOR TO INTRODUCING PAYMENT SOLUTIONS

The aim of our work is to determine the involvement and plans of banks concerning the introduction of payment innovations in the Polish market. This empirical study was based on the results of two surveys. The first survey allowed us to obtain the official positions of 24 commercial banks. The second survey included the opinions of 70 experts, who were senior managers from banks and other payment market institutions. The paper presents the scope of the implementation of payment innovations and five-year plans outlined by the banks. It proved that commercial banks, including both the largest ones and those with a smaller market share, are extremely interested in payment innovations and are ready to implement many solutions at the same time. This new phenomenon can be described as the “universal innovativeness” of banks. Most of these innovations are intended to improve customer convenience, which helps banks to achieve an important strategic objective. Poland had recent changes in legal regulations which considerably reduced the interchange fee in card schemes. Our results indicated that, in spite of the decrease of the banks’ revenue, the innovation process did not slow down. A new situation is coopetition between banks in Poland, used as a successful model to implement the domestic mobile payment system BLIK. The Polish market of payment services has recently become one of the most innovative in the world. The diversification of innovations implemented by the banks may be read as a strategic response of those institutions to the dynamic technological advancements of FinTech and the related uncertainty of future trends in the payment market. The results have allowed us to formulate a hypothesis that is a new paradigm of a portfolio approach to introducing payment innovations that have appeared in banking

PAYMENT INNOVATIONS IN POLAND: A NEW APPROACH OF THE BANKING SECTOR TO INTRODUCING PAYMENT SOLUTIONS

The aim of our work is to determine the involvement and plans of banks concerning the introduction of payment innovations in the Polish market. This empirical study was based on the results of two surveys. The first survey allowed us to obtain the official positions of 24 commercial banks. The second survey included the opinions of 70 experts, who were senior managers from banks and other payment market institutions. The paper presents the scope of the implementation of payment innovations and five-year plans outlined by the banks. It proved that commercial banks, including both the largest ones and those with a smaller market share, are extremely interested in payment innovations and are ready to implement many solutions at the same time. This new phenomenon can be described as the “universal innovativeness” of banks. Most of these innovations are intended to improve customer convenience, which helps banks to achieve an important strategic objective. Poland had recent changes in legal regulations which considerably reduced the interchange fee in card schemes. Our results indicated that, in spite of the decrease of the banks’ revenue, the innovation process did not slow down. A new situation is coopetition between banks in Poland, used as a successful model to implement the domestic mobile payment system BLIK. The Polish market of payment services has recently become one of the most innovative in the world. The diversification of innovations implemented by the banks may be read as a strategic response of those institutions to the dynamic technological advancements of FinTech and the related uncertainty of future trends in the payment market. The results have allowed us to formulate a hypothesis that is a new paradigm of a portfolio approach to introducing payment innovations that have appeared in banking

PAYMENT INNOVATIONS IN POLAND: THE ROLE OF PAYMENT SERVICES IN THE STRATEGIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

This paper examines the significance of innovations in the area of payment services for strategies implemented by commercial banks in Poland. We propose a definition of payment innovations and present the evolution of their introduction in the Polish market, indicating the impact of legal regulations and the critical character of the new FinTech phenomenon. The analysis that we conducted was based on the results of a survey which obtained responses from 24 commercial banks representing almost the entire Polish retail banking sector based on the number of personal accounts maintained. The study helped to determine the main elements of the strategies implemented by banks in Poland. It also revealed the methods for competing in the area of payment services utilized by the banks, with innovative services as one of the leading elements. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant differentiation of applied strategies depending on a bank’s size. In the case of larger banks, the main motivation for introducing payment innovations was characteristic of an offensive strategy, and for smaller banks — more often a defensive one. We also proposed a theoretical model for using the specific nature of payment innovations to build customer relationships and to apply cross-selling

PAYMENT INNOVATIONS IN POLAND: THE ROLE OF PAYMENT SERVICES IN THE STRATEGIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS

This paper examines the significance of innovations in the area of payment services for strategies implemented by commercial banks in Poland. We propose a definition of payment innovations and present the evolution of their introduction in the Polish market, indicating the impact of legal regulations and the critical character of the new FinTech phenomenon. The analysis that we conducted was based on the results of a survey which obtained responses from 24 commercial banks representing almost the entire Polish retail banking sector based on the number of personal accounts maintained. The study helped to determine the main elements of the strategies implemented by banks in Poland. It also revealed the methods for competing in the area of payment services utilized by the banks, with innovative services as one of the leading elements. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant differentiation of applied strategies depending on a bank’s size. In the case of larger banks, the main motivation for introducing payment innovations was characteristic of an offensive strategy, and for smaller banks — more often a defensive one. We also proposed a theoretical model for using the specific nature of payment innovations to build customer relationships and to apply cross-selling

Znajomość problematyki finansów publicznych wśród studentów kierunku zarządzanie

The situation in public finance is very important for economists, politics and ordinary citizens. All of them can influence on state’s finance by attempting to vote. Choosing a particularly political option, citizens agree for changes in economy of country for next four years. When we expect that democracy acts properly, we suppose to give a vote with full knowledge and opinion about economical and political processes in public finance. In this publication it was done research concerning students’ knowledge about public finance in Poland. The results showed poor understanding of relations and processes in this area.Kondycja finansów państwa to zagadnienie istotne dla ekonomistów, polityków, ale również przeciętnego obywatela. Każdy powinien być zainteresowany jak najlepszą sytuacją finansów publicznych, bowiem od ich stanu zależy również kondycja budżetów domowych. Wyraz troski o państwo można okazać, uczestnicząc w wyborach parlamentarnych, które decydują o przyszłej drodze rozwoju państwa. Ważne, aby wybór był przemyślany, świadomy i uwzględniał posiadaną wiedzę na temat funkcjonowania państwa. W publikacji starano się sprawdzić, jaki poziom wiedzy na temat finansów publicznych i roli państwa w gospodarce mają studenci. Okazało się, że poziom ten jest daleki od zadowalającego. Świadczyła o tym mała liczba trafnych, uzasadnionych odpowiedzi. Mając to na względzie, aż trudno sobie wyobrazić, jak niska musi być wiedza ogółu społeczeństwa na temat finansów państwa, a jeszcze trudniej zrozumieć przesłanki, jakimi kierują się obywatele w swoich decyzjach wyborczych