Molecular Detection of the Seasonal Bacterial Diversity from a Freshwater Lake in West Bengal, India

Situated in the northeastern region of Kolkata, WB, Subhas Sarobar is a medium-sized artificial lake that is home to a variety of plants and animals, such as benthos, nekton, zooplankton, bacteria, and phytoplankton, all of which contribute to a balanced and interdependent ecosystem. The water\u27s physic-chemical characteristics are impacted by seasonal variations in temperature, precipitation, and humidity, which could be a factor in the change in the population of fauna. In addition, this aquatic system uses wastewater from homes. Therefore, in addition to seasonal fluctuations, the physico-chemical properties of the lake water are impacted by domestic discharges, washing clothing and utensils, bathing, and disposal of plastic garbage near the water. All of these human activities eventually lead to a decline in the lake\u27s water quality. The lake system\u27s low DO and high nutrient content create an ideal habitat for the growth of bacteria, including those that are infectious and could harm public health and other aquatic species. Containing harmful bacteria species in water is dangerous and can lead to a number of health problems, including diarrhea and gastroenteritis with fever, chills, nausea, hypertensive septic shock, secondary lesions, and infection. It may be possible to successfully stop the spread of disease if the traits and specifics of pathogenic bacteria are understood. Several enteropathogenic bacteria, including Shigella, Vibrio, Cholera, Salmonella, Enterobacter, and Yersinia, were identified, isolated, and purified in this study. In a model of live and heat-killed mice, the spread of bacterial zoonotic infections to other animals was found to cause major public health issues for those who are directly or indirectly using this water

Prevalence of Ectoparasitic Infestation in Indian Major Carps During Winter at Different Blocks of South 24-Parganas District, West Bengal, India

The study was carried out to find the prevalence of ectoparasites in carp species specifically Indian Major Carps (IMC) during the post monsoon season (November’16 to March’17). Four groups of ectoparasites viz. myxozoan, ciliophoran, monogenean and crustacean were recorded from a total 500 number of  carp species like, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala and Labeo calbasu collected from different ponds of selected blocks of South 24-Parganas district of West Bengal. The highest prevalence (64.8%) of infestation had been recorded by Myxozoans and the lowest was by Monogeneans (4.8%). The highest and lowest ectoparasitic prevalence in carp was observed in L. rohita (32.9%) and C. catla (27.3%). Beside these, lower temperature (Average 19.3oC), low pH (Average 6.9) and marginal level of dissolved oxygen (Average 6.0ppm) were also created an unfavorable condition for parasitic infestation during this season. At the end of this experiment it was concluded that disease occurrences due to ectoparasites was high in winter with some key factors like temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO)

Parasitic study of Indian major carp, Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from Bheries in West Bengal, India

The present work was conducted to isolate and identify different parasites from Indian Major Carp (IMC) Catla catla. Parasitic Frequency Index (PFI, %) and Severity of infection were also measured for each parasite from Bheries (Saline soils) of Garia, Bantala, Bamanghata, Gangajuara of South 24 Parganas District, Naihati of North 24 Parganas District, Memari of Burdwan District of West Bengal, India. Approximately 300 fishes were observed in between April 2012 to March 2013. The infested fishes suffered mainly from respiratory manifestations, blackness of the skin and mortalities. The parasitic infestations were found to be the most important problem in Bheries (Saline soils) of selected districts in West Bengal. A large amount of parasitic disease causative agents were isolated and those were Myxobolus sp., Thelohanellus sp., Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Nematodes, Argulus sp., Lerneasp., Chilodonella sp., The prevalence of Myxobolus sp., Dactylogyrus sp. and Gyrodactylus sp. were highest in October to January (winter months, 73%, 56% and 13.3% respectively). Remaining all parasites were found more in February to March (spring season months)

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on shrimp aquaculture in West Bengal, India

COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has adversely impacted every activity and all the sectors including aquaculture globally. Thousands of families of coastal West Bengal are directly or indirectly involved in shrimp farming for their employment and earn handsome income to sustain their lives and livelihoods. A survey was conducted among the stakeholders of the shrimp farming sector to assess the prospective effect of lockdown in all the parts of the shrimp aquaculture sector during both the summer crop and winter crop cultivation. As the strict lockdown norms were implemented during the summer crop so, the severe constraints during this culture were assessed in two phases (Phase I- 21st March to 30th April 2020 &amp; Phase II- 1st May to 21st June 2020) using Garrett's Ranking Analysis and the constraints were ranked accordingly. The constraint of 'uncertainty over the culture and market' ranked 1st and the 'lack of quality seeds' ranked 1st in the 1st and 2nd phase of culture respectively. The uncertainty in the procurement of farming inputs, unavailability of specific pathogen-free (SPF) broodstocks &amp; high health (HH) shrimp seeds, increased cost towards the cultivation, lack of manpower, absence of an assured international market, etc. have halted the shrimp farming operations noticeably. The farm input suppliers have also experienced supply chain disruptions due to lockdown. The Government of India permitted input supply and services in fisheries and aquaculture as an essential service to lessen the pandemic impact. Short-term policy measures are recommended for mitigation measures.</jats:p

ZOONOTIC VIBRIO DIVERSITY AND DISEASES IN MUDCRAB FISHERY: IMPACTS ON PUBLIC HEALTH IN INDIA

Aquaculture of Scylla sp. (Mudcrab) at present is an emerging, demanding and alternative fishery farming with respect to socio-economic evaluation in India due to high nutritional value (large size, high quantity meat content and good source of protein and calcium ions) and export value,&nbsp; (local as well as foreign market). A large portion of coastal people of India (West Bengal and South India) involve in mud crab fishery for their livelihood. Mass mortality in Scylla sp. is very common in India due to Vibrio sp. infection (Vibriosis) and Vibrio infected mud crabs may potentially transmit toxic genes as zoonotic strains in other organism including human. The following symptoms in human beings such as fever, chills, nausea, hypotensive septic shock, secondary lesion, infection, gastroenteritis and diarrhea are very common. Natural habitat of Mudcrab and cultured firm become contaminated with different opportunistic Vibrio sp. by various known and unknown sources and Mudcrab stock in brackishwater become gradually decline due to high salinity, temperature, pH. Such climatic as well as bio-unsafe environment also helps to multiply of Vibrio natural way and spread zoonotic diseases frequently in human through wounding, handling and consumption.&nbsp; In order to ensure a productive Scylla sp. aquaculture and to reduce the incidence of diseases without mass mortality, need to diagnose the pathogenic infection accurately before spreading. This paper review the zoonotic diseases of Vibrio sp. and its impact on human health and livelihood

Occurrence of <i>philometra lateolabracis </i>(philometridae) in the subcutaneous caudal fin region of sciaenid fishes of Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME), Tamil Nadu (India)

606-610Present study consists the prevalence of philometrid nematode, Philometra lateolabracis infections in two species of Sciaenid fishes along the Madras coastal water, Bay of Bengal during December, 2008 to July, 2012. Out of total 295 sciaenid fishes, examined, Otolithes ruber and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Pennahia macrophthalmus showed 70% & 32.5% of parasitic prevalence on the subcutaneous region on caudal fins. The number of parasitic worms per fish varied from 1 to 7 with an average of 3.18±1.64. Parasites length varies from 5-16 mm with an average of 11.18±4.62 mm. The minimum and maximum sizes and weight of Sciaenid fishes were caught from Kasimedu landing centre (Chennai) during October-December, 2012 varied from180-287 mm and weight 120-245 gm respectively. </span

Occurrence of philometra lateolabracis (philometridae) in the subcutaneous caudal fin region of sciaenid fishes of Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME), Tamil Nadu (India)

Present study consists the prevalence of philometrid nematode, Philometra lateolabracis infections in two species of Sciaenid fishes along the Madras coastal water, Bay of Bengal during December, 2008 to July, 2012. Out of total 295 sciaenid fishes, examined, Otolithes ruber and Pennahia macrophthalmus showed 70% & 32.5% of parasitic prevalence on the subcutaneous region on caudal fins. The number of parasitic worms per fish varied from 1 to 7 with an average of 3.18±1.64. Parasites length varies from 5-16 mm with an average of 11.18±4.62 mm. The minimum and maximum sizes and weight of Sciaenid fishes were caught from Kasimedu landing centre (Chennai) during October-December, 2012 varied from180-287 mm and weight 120-245 gm respectively