गंगा नदी तन्त्र की मात्स्यिकी की का वर्तमान स्वरूप

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JACIE: A Model Partnership

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), and their associates and partners, are directly responsible for establishing and leading a unique interagency team of scientists and engineers who work together to evaluate and enhance the quality remote sensing data for commercial and government use. This team is called "the Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) team". The team works together to define, prioritize, assign, and assess civil and commercial image quality and jointly sponsors an annual JACIE Civil Commercial Imagery Evaluation workshop with participation support from the remote sensing calibration and validation science community

Surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating patellar dislocation

Background: Patellar dislocation occurs when the patella disengages completely from the trochlear (femoral) groove. Following reduction of the dislocation, conservative (non-surgical) rehabilitation with physiotherapy may be used. Since recurrence of dislocation is common, some surgeons have advocated surgical intervention rather than non-surgical interventions. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2011. Objectives: To assess the effects (benefits and harms) of surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating people with primary or recurrent patellar dislocation. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Bone, Joint and Muscle Trauma Group's Specialised Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, ZETOC, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and a variety of other literature databases and trial registries. Corresponding authors were contacted to identify additional studies. The last search was carried out in October 2014. Selection criteria: We included randomised and quasi-randomised controlled clinical trials evaluating surgical versus non-surgical interventions for treating lateral patellar dislocation. Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently examined titles and abstracts of each identified study to assess study eligibility, extract data and assess risk of bias. The primary outcomes we assessed were the frequency of recurrent dislocation, and validated patient-rated knee or physical function scores. We calculated risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences MD) for continuous outcomes. When appropriate, we pooled data. Main results: We included five randomised studies and one quasi-randomised study. These recruited a total of 344 people with primary (first-time) patellar dislocation. The mean ages in the individual studies ranged from 19.3 to 25.7 years, with four studies including children, mainly adolescents, as well as adults. Follow-up for the full study populations ranged from two to nine years across the six studies. The quality of the evidence is very low as assessed by GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group) criteria, with all studies being at high risk of performance and detection biases, relating to the lack of blinding. There was very low quality but consistent evidence that participants managed surgically had a significantly lower risk of recurrent dislocation following primary patellar dislocation at two to five years follow-up (21/162 versus 32/136; RR 0.53 favouring surgery, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33 to 0.87; five studies, 294 participants). Based on an illustrative risk of recurrent dislocation in 222 people per 1000 in the non-surgical group, these data equate to 104 fewer (95% CI 149 fewer to 28 fewer) people per 1000 having recurrent dislocation after surgery. Similarly, there is evidence of a lower risk of recurrent dislocation after surgery at six to nine years (RR 0.67 favouring surgery, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.08; two studies, 165 participants), but a small increase cannot be ruled out. Based on an illustrative risk of recurrent dislocation in 336 people per 1000 in the non-surgical group, these data equate to 110 fewer (95% CI 195 fewer to 27 more) people per 1000 having recurrent dislocation after surgery. The very low quality evidence available from single trials only for four validated patient-rated knee and physical function scores (the Tegner activity scale, KOOS, Lysholm and Hughston VAS (visual analogue scale) score) did not show significant differences between the two treatment groups. The results for the Kujala patellofemoral disorders score (0 to 100: best outcome) differed in direction of effect at two to five years follow-up, which favoured the surgery group (MD 13.93 points higher, 95% CI 5.33 points higher to 22.53 points higher; four studies, 171 participants) and the six to nine years follow-up, which favoured the non-surgical treatment group (MD 3.25 points lower, 95% CI 10.61 points lower to 4.11 points higher; two studies, 167 participants). However, only the two to five years follow-up included the clear possibility of a clinically important effect (putative minimal clinically important difference for this outcome is 10 points). Adverse effects of treatment were reported in one trial only; all four major complications were attributed to the surgical treatment group. Slightly more people in the surgery group had subsequent surgery six to nine years after their primary dislocation (20/87 versus 16/78; RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.59 to 1.89, two studies, 165 participants). Based on an illustrative risk of subsequent surgery in 186 people per 1000 in the non-surgical group, these data equate to 11 more (95% CI 76 fewer to 171 more) people per 1000 having subsequent surgery after primary surgery. Authors' conclusions: Although there is some evidence to support surgical over non-surgical management of primary patellar dislocation in the short term, the quality of this evidence is very low because of the high risk of bias and the imprecision in the effect estimates. We are therefore very uncertain about the estimate of effect. No trials examined people with recurrent patellar dislocation. Adequately powered, multi-centre, randomised controlled trials, conducted and reported to contemporary standards, are needed. To inform the design and conduct of these trials, expert consensus should be achieved on the minimal description of both surgical and non-surgical interventions, and the anatomical or pathological variations that may be relevant to both choice of these interventions and the natural history of patellar instability. Furthermore, well-designed studies recording adverse events and long-term outcomes are needed

Qualitative study of pilot project "Detection of diabetes in pharmacies"

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disease whose prevalence continues to increase worldwide. According to the WHO, 1.5 million people died of this disease in 2019. Because the symptoms are discrete, T2D is frequently diagnosed when complications are already present. Due to the epidemic of obesity and sedentary lifestyles, it is now expressed in children. Prevention is a key element in stopping this epidemic and community pharmacists can contribute to it. The « Plan d'Accompagnement Concerté Transversal » (PACT) pilot project (detection of diabetes in pharmacies) aims to assess the feasibility of screening in pharmacies. Material and method: The objective of this work was to conduct a qualitative and quantitative study of pharmacists' feelings about the pilot project. The qualitative study was carried out based on semi-directional one-on-one interviews conducted with 7 pharmacists using an interview guide. The quantitative study was conducted using an online questionnaire. Results: Qualitative results (n=7) were generated by coding using the Nvivo software and categorized into themes and codes. Quantitative results (n=37) were collected using Microsoft Forms and made it possible to highlight the practices and opinions of pharmacists who participated in the pilot project (70% of pharmacies surveyed). Conclusion: This work highlighted the role of the community pharmacist in preventing type 2 diabetes, the motivation of pharmacists for this type of project, the negative influence of Covid on it and the willingness of patients to get tested.Introduction : Le diabète de type 2 est une maladie dont la prévalence ne cesse d’augmenter dans le monde. Selon l’OMS, 1,5 millions de personnes sont décédées de cette pathologie en 2019. Les symptômes sont discrets ce qui fait que le DT2 est fréquemment diagnostiqué alors que des complications sont déjà présentes. En raison de l’épidémie d’obésité et de la sédentarité, il s’exprime maintenant également chez des enfants. La prévention est un élément clé pour enrayer cette épidémie et les pharmaciens d’officine peuvent y contribuer. Le projet pilote du « Plan d'Accompagnement Concerté Transversal » (PACT), dépistage du diabète en officine, vise à évaluer la faisabilité du dépistage en officine. Matériel et méthode : L’objectif de ce travail était de réaliser une étude qualitative et quantitative du ressenti des pharmaciens vis-à-vis du projet pilote. L’étude qualitative s’est effectuée sur base d’entretiens individuels semi-directifs conduits à l’aide d’un guide auprès de 7 pharmaciens. L’étude quantitative a été réalisée grâce à un questionnaire en ligne. Résultats : Les résultats qualitatifs (n=7) ont été générés par codage à l’aide du logiciel Nvivo et catégorisés en thèmes et codes. Les résultats quantitatifs (n=37) ont été collectés à l’aide de Microsoft Forms et ont permis de mettre en évidence les pratiques et les avis des pharmaciens ayant participé au projet pilote (70% des pharmacies sondées). Conclusion : Ce travail a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle du pharmacien d’officine dans la prévention du diabète de type 2, la motivation des pharmaciens pour ce genre de projet, l’influence négative du Covid sur celui-ci ainsi que la volonté des patients à se faire dépister

Kinetic oscillations in the NO + CO reaction on Pt(100): Experiments and mathematical modeling

The reaction of NO and CO on Pt(100) exhibits two branches of steady state production of N2 and CO2 and the occurrence of kinetic oscillations. This system was studied under steady flow conditions in the 10−6mbar total pressure range using low‐energy electron diffraction‐(LEED), work function measurement, and mass spectrometry for determination of the reaction rate. These studies revealed that kinetic oscillations can only be initiated from one of the two stable reaction branches. Two separate existence regions were detected in which the oscillations are always damped. Oscillations can be very reproducibly excited by slight decreases in temperature. The 1×1 hex phase transition of the surface structure was observed to take place only in one of the two regions of reaction rate oscillations. Its influence seems to be of minor relevance to the mechanism of oscillations as oscillations in one region occur on the surface that maintains a 1×1 structure. The experiments were modeled by a set of coupled differential equations based on knowledge about the elementary reaction steps. The model calculations reproduced the steady states of the reaction as well as the occurrence of kinetic oscillations in different ranges in excellent agreement with experimental observation. In the model, the phase transition also has no relevance for the oscillation mechanism. The occurrence of oscillations can be rationalized in terms of a periodic sequence of autocatalytic ‘‘surface explosions’’ and the restoration of an adsorbate‐covered surface. The damping, experimentally observed, is attributed to insufficient spatial coupling between different regions of the surface

Fetomaternal outcome in pregnant women with derranged thyroid function

Background: Thyroid dysfunction is the second most common endocrine disorder observed during pregnancy after diabetes. Universal screening of thyroid disorders is recommended in the first trimester of pregnancy. The present study aims to determine the fetomaternal outcome in women with thyroid dysfunction. Methods: The study was a prospective observational study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Hindu Rao Hospital and North DMC Medical College, Delhi from January 2019 to June 2022. It was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee. Pregnant women aged 18 to 40 years up to 20 weeks of gestational age with singleton pregnancy were included in this study. All the data was entered in pre designed proforma. The data analysis was done by statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. Results: A total of 110 pregnant women were included in the study. 55 pregnant women with thyroid dysfunction were taken as study group and 55 euthyroid pregnant women were taken as controls. With respect to   maternal complications, neonatal birth weight and Apgar score in the study group are significant. Conclusions: Timely screening for thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy will reduce fetomaternal complications

Malarial Diagnosis with Deep Learning and Image Processing Approaches

Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease that has killed an estimated a half-a-million people worldwide since 2000. It may be time consuming and costly to conduct thorough laboratory testing for malaria, and it also requires the skills of trained laboratory personnel. Additionally, human analysis might make mistakes. Integrating denoising and image segmentation techniques with Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) as a data augmentation technique can enhance the performance of diagnosis. Various deep learning models, such as CNN, ResNet50, and VGG19, for recognising the Plasmodium parasite in thick blood smear images have been used. The experimental results indicate that the VGG19 model performed best by achieving 98.46% compared to other approaches. This study demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence to improve the speed and precision of pathogen detection which is more effective than manual analysis

Entre les choses, ménager la relation

L’expérience forte et prégnante de la vie et du travail mené au coeur de la tradition vernaculaire du M’Zab a été déterminante, par la suite, tant dans la pratique de l’architecture que dans l’enseignement à son propos. La question qui a surgi et qui reste première dans nos esprits d’architecte et d’enseignant : comment déployer le vide entre les choses pour assurer la vie du groupe humain et des lieux à construire en relation avec leur milieu. Comment alors définir ses limites et leur matérialité de manière cohérente et mesurée