Gender, pay and development: a cross-country analysis

This paper analyses the determinants of the female-male non-agricultural wage ratio in developing countries.By combining data on industrial composition, economic performance and women's labour market and economic outcomes for a group of developing countries, a cross-country study is carried out of the determinants of the gender pay gap in developing countries in the 1990s. The results show that higher female literacy and greater female labour market activity is associated with a lower wage gap. In addition, the greater the degree of industrialisation and market emergence, the greater the gender wage gap. And, as in the industrialised nations, women's over-representation in lower-paying occupations is a key factor in explaining women's lower relative pay

Gender, pay and development: a cross-country analysis

This paper analyses the determinants of the female-male non-agricultural wage ratio in developing countries.By combining data on industrial composition, economic performance and women's labour market and economic outcomes for a group of developing countries, a cross-country study is carried out of the determinants of the gender pay gap in developing countries in the 1990s. The results show that higher female literacy and greater female labour market activity is associated with a lower wage gap. In addition, the greater the degree of industrialisation and market emergence, the greater the gender wage gap. And, as in the industrialised nations, women's over-representation in lower-paying occupations is a key factor in explaining women's lower relative pay.gender; pay; development; cross-country study

Continuum Thermodynamics of the GluoN_c Plasma

We study the thermodynamics of SU(N_c) pure gauge theories for N_c=3, 4 and 6. The continuum and thermodynamic limits of bulk quantities such as the pressure, energy density and the entropy density are taken by using several different lattice spacings and volumes. There is no window of temperature in which a non-trivial conformal theory describes bulk thermodynamics. We extract the latent heat of the first-order deconfinement phase transitions and observe good scaling with N_c. For all quantities that we measure, strong N_c scaling holds, except, possibly, very close to the transition temperature, T_c; however we are unable to find strong evidence for scaling with the 't Hooft coupling in thermal quantities at the small values of N_c which we study

New workplace practices and the gender wage gap

We explore the effect of introducing new workplace practices on the gender gap using a unique 1999 survey on work and compensation practices of Danish private sector firms merged to a large matched employer-employee database. Self-managed teams, project organisation and job rotation schemes are the most widely implemented work practices. Wage gains from adopting new workplace practices accrue mainly to hourly paid males and salaried females but do not generate large changes in the gender gap in pay at the level of the firm. Considering practices individually, however, the gender wage gap among salaried workers is significantly reduced in firms which offer job rotation and project organisation, while among hourly paid workers the use of quality control circles significantly widens the gap in pay between male and female workers.new work practices; employer-employee data; wage differentials; gender

Overweight and Obesity and the Demand for Primary Physician Care

The standard economic model for the demand for health care predicts that unhealthy behaviour such as being overweight or obese should increase the demand for medical care, particularly as clinical studies link obesity to a number of serious diseases. In this paper, we investigate whether overweight or obese individuals demand more medical care than normal weight individuals by estimating a finite mixture model which splits the population into frequent and non-frequent users of primary physician (GP) services according to the individual's latent health status. Based on a sample of wage-earners aged 25-60 years drawn from the National Health Interview (NHI) survey 2000 and merged to Danish register data, we compare differences in the impact of being overweight and obese relative to being normal weight on the demand for primary physician care. Estimated bodyweight effects vary across latent classes and show that being obese or overweight does not increase the demand for primary physician care among infrequent users but does so among frequent users.overweight, obesity, demand for primary physician care

Scaling and the continuum limit of gluoN_c plasmas

We investigated the finite temperature (T) phase transition for SU(Nc) gauge theory with Nc=4, 6, 8 and 10 at lattice spacing, a, of 1/(6T) or less. We found that these theories have first order transitions at such small a. In many cases we were able to find the critical couplings with precision as good as a few parts in 10^4. We also investigated the use of two-loop renormalization group equations in extrapolating the lattice results to the continuum, thus fixing the temperature scale in units of the phase transition temperature, Tc. We found that when a \le 1/(8Tc) the two-loop extrapolation was accurate to about 1--2%. However, we found that trading Tc for the QCD scale, Lambda_MSbar, increases uncertainties significantly, to the level of about 5--10%.Comment: Small correction