PENERAPAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBUAT MODEL MATEMATIKA SISWA SMP

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi bahwa kemampuan membuat model matematika adalah salah satu kemampuan yang penting untuk menghadapi kehidupan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membuat model matematika dengan suatu model pembelajaran yang memiliki struktur pembelajaran yang sistematis dan disukai oleh siswa. Problem based learning merupakan suatu pembelajaran yang sistematis dengan lima tahap yang sederhana. Pembelajaran ini kemudian diimplementasikan kepada siswa kelas VII SMP di salah satu sekolah di Bandung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan kuasi eksperimen dan kualitatif dengan teknik penilaian menggunakan rubrik penilaian. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan dua kelas yang merupakan kelas eksperimen yang menerapkan problem based learning dan kelas kontrol yang menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh bahwa peningkatan kemampuan membuat model matematika kelas eksperimen lebih baik daripada kelas kontrol. Siswa pada kelas eksperimen sebagian besar masuk kedalam kategori kemampuan membuat model matematika yang lebih baik daripada siswa pada kelas kontrol yang sebagian besar termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Selanjutnya bahan ajar problem based learning yang telah dikembangkan ini dapat diterapkan ataupun dikembangkan kembali untuk penelitian selanjutnya Kata kunci: Kemampuan Membuat Model Matematika, Problem Based Learning This research is motivated that the ability of make mathematics model is one of the important ability to cope with everyday life. Accordingly, this research aims to increase the ability of make mathematics model with a learning model that has a systematic learning structure and preferred by students. The problem based learning is a systematic approach to the five stages are simple. This learning model is then implemented to class VII JHS at one JHS in Bandung. The method used in this research is quantitative with quasi experiment and qualitative data collection techniques through with rubric assesment. The research desain is use two class, this class is experiment class with problem based learning and other class is control class with convensional learning. Based on the results of the study, found that an increase in ability of make mathematics model in class experiment better than control class. More than half student of experiment class include to high category better than student of control class with more than half student in this class include to low category. Furthermore, the results of the implementation learning model with the revised problem based learning that allows it to continue to be developed for next research. Keywords: Ability of Make Mathematics Model, Problem Based Learnin

Chief executive officer characteristics and microfinance institutions performance : a global survey

Masteroppgave i økonomi og administrasjon - Universitetet i Agder 2012This study examines the relationship between formal business education, business experience as CEO characteristics and MFIs performance. It uses a global dataset of 403 rated MFIs located in 74 countries for the period of 2001 to 2009. This study uses random effects panel data estimations to analyses the effect of CEO with formal business education and business experience on return on assets, portfolio at risk of 30 days, which measures financial performance, and average loan size, percentage of women clients and number of credit clients, which capture, outreach performance. The results show that MFIs with CEO with business experience have better return on assets, few loan defaults, smaller loan size, higher percentage of women clients and associated with credit clients’ increase compared to MFIs with CEO without business experience. While MFIs with CEO with formal business education have a higher percentage of women clients, credit clients’ growth and smaller loan size compared to MFIs with CEO without formal business education, the study find no difference in performance on return on assets and portfolio at risk for 30 days. These findings suggest that, in the future, the microfinance industry can benefit from non-microfinance industry CEO with business experience.

The Origin of Chief Executive Officers and Performance in Hybrid Businesses: The Case of Microfinance

This study examines the relationship between the origin of chief executive officers (CEOs) and performance in hybrid businesses using a sample of 353 microfinance institutions (MFIs) from 76 countries during 1996–2011. The statistical results suggest that MFIs whose CEOs have been recruited internally perform better compared to institutions with externally hired CEOs. The findings are consistent with the view that insider CEOs have firm-specific skills, experience, and network resources that result in enhanced performance in hybrid businesses. Therefore, boards of MFIs searching for a new CEO should look for suitable internal candidates

The origin of CEOs and its influence on microfinance performance and risk-taking

This study examines the relationships between the origin of chief executive officers (CEOs), and the performance and risk-taking levels of their companies. It is based on a sample of 353 microfinance institutions (MFIs) from 76 countries, with data covering the period 1996-2011. We use return on assets and operational costs as performance metrics, and the standard deviation of return on assets and operational costs as measures of risk. The results suggest that MFIs with an internally-recruited CEO achieve a significantly higher performance than MFIs with an externally-recruited CEO. More specifically, MFIs with an ‘insider CEO’ have a positive association with return on assets, but a negative association with operational costs. Moreover, internally-recruited CEOs appear to be associated with a lower level of risk. We believe that these results are important and have clear policy implications, in particular for an industry with such a thin labour market for CEOs and lack of managerial capacity. Our findings are consistent with the view that insider CEOs have firm-specific skills, experience and network resources that result in an enhanced MFIs performance and low-risk.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The influence of CEO power on agency costs in non-profit organisations: evidence from the global microfinance industry

This paper examines agency costs incurred by microfinance organisations. We argue that differences in agency costs not only stem from differences in ownership form but are also influenced by the amount of power wielded by the chief executive officer (CEO). We proxy for agency costs using operating expenses, asset utilisation, liquidity and tangible asset intensity. Using a sample of 374 microfinance organisations located in 76 countries, we find evidence that agency costs are higher in microfinance organisations set up as non-profits, but only if the CEO is powerful. Our empirical evidence illustrates the importance of installing proper governance mechanisms to minimise agency costs, in particular in the non-profit sector.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Influence of Ownership Type and CEO Power on Residual Loss: Evidence From the Global Microfinance Industry

This study examines whether the agency cost component referred to as “residual loss” differs between nonprofit and shareholder-owned microfinance organizations and whether such costs are further influenced by CEO power. We use operating expenses, asset utilization, liquidity, and tangible asset intensity to proxy for residual loss. Using 374 microfinance organizations located in 76 countries, we find evidence that the residual loss is higher in microfinance organizations incorporated as nonprofits, but only if the CEO is powerful. Our empirical evidence illustrates the importance of installing proper governance mechanisms to minimize costs caused by high managerial power in the nonprofit sector. When CEOs are not powerful, nonprofits appear to have lower residual loss than for-profit organizations do, consistent with a motivated agent perspective. An important message of our study is that traditional agency theory perspectives might be ill-suited to analyze residual loss as a function of the nonprofit versus for-profit organizational form

Capital structure and CEO tenure in microfinance institutions

There is a positive association between CEO tenure and the debt proportion of microfinance institutions. Microfinance institutions need improved access to debt capital to cover a huge and increasing world demand for microfinance services. More experienced CEOs may be more aligned with the microfinance institution's mission, and they may have a better understanding of the business model of microfinance. Moreover, capital providers may require a proven track record within the institution to supply funding

Influence of Ownership Type and CEO Power on Residual Loss: Evidence From the Global Microfinance Industry

This study examines whether the agency cost component referred to as “residual loss” differs between nonprofit and shareholder-owned microfinance organizations and whether such costs are further influenced by CEO power. We use operating expenses, asset utilization, liquidity, and tangible asset intensity to proxy for residual loss. Using 374 microfinance organizations located in 76 countries, we find evidence that the residual loss is higher in microfinance organizations incorporated as nonprofits, but only if the CEO is powerful. Our empirical evidence illustrates the importance of installing proper governance mechanisms to minimize costs caused by high managerial power in the nonprofit sector. When CEOs are not powerful, nonprofits appear to have lower residual loss than for-profit organizations do, consistent with a motivated agent perspective. An important message of our study is that traditional agency theory perspectives might be ill-suited to analyze residual loss as a function of the nonprofit versus for-profit organizational form. </jats:p