Assurance specification documentation standard and Data Item Descriptions (DID). Volume of the information system life-cycle and documentation standards, volume 4

This is the fourth of five volumes on Information System Life-Cycle and Documentation Standards. This volume provides a well organized, easily used standard for assurance documentation for information systems and software, hardware, and operational procedures components, and related processes. The specifications are developed in conjunction with the corresponding management plans specifying the assurance activities to be performed

Product specification documentation standard and Data Item Descriptions (DID). Volume of the information system life-cycle and documentation standards, volume 3

This is the third of five volumes on Information System Life-Cycle and Documentation Standards which present a well organized, easily used standard for providing technical information needed for developing information systems, components, and related processes. This volume states the Software Management and Assurance Program documentation standard for a product specification document and for data item descriptions. The framework can be applied to any NASA information system, software, hardware, operational procedures components, and related processes

Management plan documentation standard and Data Item Descriptions (DID). Volume of the information system life-cycle and documentation standards, volume 2

This is the second of five volumes of the Information System Life-Cycle and Documentation Standards. This volume provides a well-organized, easily used standard for management plans used in acquiring, assuring, and developing information systems and software, hardware, and operational procedures components, and related processes

The impact of higher education for part-time students

This report discusses the findings of a study undertaken by Birkbeck, University of London and the National Institute for Economic and Social Research, commissioned by the UK Commission for Employment and Skills to examine the impact of higher education (HE) on the labour market experiences of graduates who studied part-time and full-time as undergraduates

'There comes a point where people just can't cope': exploring the views and experiences of frontline officers

This study investigated the views and experiences of frontline officers. It aimed to explore: 1. Motivations for working on the frontline; 2. Factors influencing job satisfaction; 3. Communication and change; 4. Factors effecting operational performance and 5. Partnership working across the different participating agencies engaged in the criminal justice system. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 26 frontline officers working in a range of departments and roles. Qualitative data obtained via interviews were analysed thematically, using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six steps of thematic data analysis (1. Familiarisation; 2. Generation of initial codes; 3. Searching for themes; 4. Reviewing themes; 5. Defining and naming themes; 6. Write-up). This focus of this poster is the presentation of findings relating to the wellbeing of frontline officers. The analysis revealed how frontline officers were passionate about delivering positive outcomes for communities and people in need. In response to changing staffing levels and profiles, linked with a climate of economic constraint, accounts of frustration were linked with a desire to meet a (self-)imposed standard of quality in their engagements with the public. The data showed how frontline officers were going over-and-above to meet expectations, which has potential implications for stress, anxiety and an imbalanced home-work life. There were mixed viewpoints on the management of wellbeing by senior officers, with some being depicted as uncaring and not valuing the person outside of their formal role. The poster will present implications for the management of frontline officers by senior officers and call for a renewed focus on improving the wellbeing of officers on the frontline. While organisational strategies are welcomed, it is critical for supervising officers to create an everyday culture that prioritises wellbeing of frontline officers

‘They’re much more willing to be violent’: exploring risk within the views and experiences of frontline officers

This study investigated the views and experiences of frontline officers. It aimed to explore: 1. Motivations for working on the frontline; 2. Factors influencing job satisfaction; 3. Communication and change; 4. Factors effecting operational performance and 5. Partnership working across the different participating agencies engaged in the criminal justice system. Semi-structured interviews were completed with 26 frontline officers working in a range of departments and roles. Qualitative data obtained via interviews were analysed thematically, using Braun and Clarke's (2006) six steps of thematic data analysis (1. Familiarisation; 2. Generation of initial codes; 3. Searching for themes; 4. Reviewing themes; 5. Defining and naming themes; 6. Write-up). The focus of this poster is the presentation of findings relating to the assumption of risk within incidents responded to by frontline officers. While risk exposure is a central and consistent aspect of being a frontline officer, the analysis suggests that the nature of risk on the frontline was changing, epitomised through an increase in violence. An important aspect of this was a decreasing sense of safety and security on working on frontline, which is related to resource limitations (including human, financial and equipment). Alongside exposure to risk, participants described being placed into ‘impossible situations’ where they have to decide what the ‘least worst’ option is. The poster will present implications for the management of frontline officers by senior officers and call for a renewed focus on improving the wellbeing and safety of officers on the frontline

HLA and cross-reactive antigen group matching for cadaver kidney allocation

Background. Allocation of cadaver kidneys by graded human leukocyte antigen (HLA) compatibility scoring arguably has had little effect on overall survival while prejudicing the transplant candidacy of African-American and other hard to match populations. Consequently, matching has been proposed of deduced amino acid residues of the individual HLA molecules shared by cross- reactive antigen groups (CREGs). We have examined the circumstances under which compatibility with either method impacted graft survival. Methods. Using Cox proportional hazards regression modeling, we studied the relationship between levels of conventional HLA mismatch and other donor and recipient factors on primary cadaver kidney survival between 1981 and 1995 at the University of Pittsburgh (n=1,780) and in the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) Scientific Registry during 1991-1995 (n=31,291). The results were compared with those obtained by the matching of amino acid residues that identified CREG-compatible cases with as many as four (but not five and six) HLA mismatches. Results. With more than one HLA mismatch (>85% of patients in both series), most of the survival advantage of a zero mismatch was lost. None of the HLA loci were 'weak.' In the UNOS (but not Pittsburgh) category of one-HLA mismatch (n=1334), a subgroup of CREG-matched recipients (35.3%) had better graft survival than the remaining 64.7%, who were CREG-mismatched. There was no advantage of a CREG match in the two- to four-HLA incompatibility tiers. Better graft survival with tacrolimus was observed in both the Pittsburgh and UNOS series. Conclusions. Obligatory national sharing of cadaver kidneys is justifiable only for zero-HLA-mismatched kidneys. The potential value of CREG matching observed in the one-HLA-mismatched recipients of the UNOS (but not the Pittsburgh) experience deserves further study

OncoLog Volume 45, Number 09, September 2000

Multidisciplinary Care Improves Treatment, Enhances Quality of Life for Patients with Colorectal Cancer DiaLog: Treating Cancer with a Team Approach, by David L. Callender, MD, Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer Cervical Cancer Prevention: Could Spectroscopy Steal the Spot light ? Virtual Colonoscopy a Potential Screening Reality Protocols: Clinical Trials for Colorectal Cancer Compass: Clinical Practice Guidelines House Call: Sharing Personal Stories: Books Written by People with Cancerhttps://openworks.mdanderson.org/oncolog/1088/thumbnail.jp

Effect of race upon organ donation and recipient survival in liver transplantation

The effect of the race of the donor on organ donation and on the outcome of clinical liver transplantation has not been addressed previously. The aims of this study were to determine: (1) the number of organs donated by each of the major racial groups of the United States, (2) the outcome of transplantation of these organs across racial groups, and (3) the pattern of liver disease that required transplantation in each of these racial groups. A significantly higher proportion of organs were donated by white non-Hispanic Americans than either black or Hispanic Americans. There was no significant difference in survival when an organ was transplanted between black and white Americans and vice versa. Postnecrotic cirrhosis from a variety of causes was the most common indicator affecting black and white recipients, while primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis were uncommon in the black population. While the number of organs donated by blacks was low, it was, however, proportional to the number of black recipients in this study. Reasons for the low rate of donation by the black and white Hispanic population are discussed. It is concluded that race is not a criteria to be used in selection of donors for liver transplantation. Educational programs addressing issues of organ donation and transplantation directed towards the black and Hispanic populations are recommended. © 1990 Plenum Publishing Corporation