A theory of supervision with endogenous transaction costs

We propose a theory of supervision with endogenous transaction costs. A principal delegates part of his authority to a supervisor who can acquire soft information about an agent's productivity. If the supervisor were risk-neutral, the principal would simply make the better informed supervisor residual claimant for the hierarchy's profit. Under risk-aversion, the optimal contract trades-off the supervisor's incentives to reveal his information with an insurance motive. This contract can be identified with the one obtained in a simple hard information model of hierarchical collusion with exogenous transaction costs. Now, transaction costs are endogenous and depend on the collusion stake, the accuracy of the supervisory technology and the supervisor's degree of risk-aversion. We then discuss various implications of the model for the design and management of organisations

The Federal Advisory Committee Act: Balanced Representation and Open Meetings in Conflict with Dispute Resolution

Published in cooperation with the American Bar Association Section of Dispute Resolutio

A Theory of Supervision with Endogenous Transaction Costs

We propose a theory of supervision with endogenous transaction costs. A principal delegates part of his authority to a supervisor who can acquire soft information about an agent's productivity. If the supervisor were risk-neutral, the principal would simply make the better informed supervisor residual claimant for the hierarchy's profit. Under risk-aversion, the optimal contract trades-off the supervisor's incentives to reveal his information with an insurance motive. This contract can be identified with the one obtained in a simple hard information model of hierarchical collusion with exogenous transaction costs. Now, transaction costs are endogenous and depend on the collusion stake, the accuracy of the supervisory technology and the supervisor's degree of risk-aversion. We then discuss various implications of the model for the design and management of organisations.Supervision, soft information, collusion, endogenous transaction costs

Photochemical behaviour of 5-formyl and 5-acetyl uracils in the presence of ethene

Atypically for uracils, 5-formyl and 5-acetyl uracils react photochemically with excess ethene to produce non-acylated cyclobutane adducts whose formation can be explained by a novel, tandem [2+2] cycloaddition/Norrish-I α-cleavage proces

Two identification tools applied on Mascarene’s corals genera (Xper2) and species (IKBS)

For future biodiversity studies relying on species identification, environmental officers and researchers will only be left with monographic descriptions and collections in museums. This is why a knowledge base on the zooxanthellate scleractinian corals of the Mascarene Archipelago is being developed. This project offers results for both biologists/taxonomists and students or MPA-teams. Two online computer-based applications permit to identify genera and species. The first identification tool, called Xper², was developed by LIS (Informatic and Systematics Laboratory) in Paris, and is used for identifications to genera. The second tool, named IKBS (Iterative Knowledge Base System), was developed by IREMIA (Institute for Research in Applied Mathematics and Computer Science) in La Réunion, and is used for identifications from families to species. The tools presently work for Astrocoeniidae, Pocilloporidae, Acroporidae (only Acropora + Isopora), Psammocoridae, Siderastreidae (owns Psammocoridae as genera), Fungiidae, Poritidae, Faviidae Faviinae, Faviidae Montastreinae, Mussidae. We plan to start a new phase to add the last families, fully translate the web site in English and extend the Xper² identification to all the western Indian Ocean genera

Multifarious Hierarchies of Mechanical Models for Artist Assigned Levels-of-Detail

International audienceWe present a new framework for artist driven level of detail in solid simulations. Simulated objects are simultaneously embedded in several, separately designed deformation models with their own independent degrees of freedom. The models are ordered to apply their deformations hierarchically, and we enforce the uniqueness of the dynamics solutions using a novel kinetic filtering operator designed to ensure that each child only adds detail motion to its parent without introducing redundancies. This new approach allows artists to easily add fine-scale details without introducing unnecessary degrees-of-freedom to the simulation or resorting to complex geometric operations like anisotropic volume meshing. We illustrate the utility of our approach with several detail enriched simulation examples

Realization of a distributed Bragg reflector for propagating guided matter waves

We report on the experimental realization of a Bragg reflector for guided matter waves. A Bose-Einstein condensate with controlled velocity distribution impinges onto an attractive optical lattice of finite length and directly probes its band structure. We study the dynamics of the scattering by this potential and compare the results with simple one-dimensional models. We emphasize the importance of taking into account the gaussian envelope of the optical lattice which gives rise to Bragg cavity effects. Our results are a further step towards integrated atom optics setups for quasi-cw matter waves.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures + supplementary material (2 pages, 2 figures

Un cadre de conception pour réunir les modèles d'interaction et l'ingénierie des interfaces

National audienceWe present HIC (Human-system Interaction Container), a general framework for the integration of advanced interaction in the software development process. We show how this framework allows to reconcile the software development methods (such MDA, MDE) with the architectural models of software design such as MVC or PAC. We illustrate our approach thanks to two different types of implementation for this concept in two different business areas: one software design pattern, MVIC (Model View Interaction Control) and one architectural model, IM (Interaction Middleware)