European Trade Beads in Southern Africa

European Trade Beads In Southern Africa, By David Killick (1987, 10:3-9

Development, intervention, and international order

© 2013, Cambridge University Press. This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Development, intervention, and international order, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0260210513000260

Key Hub and Bottleneck Genes Differentiate the Macrophage Response to Virulent and Attenuated Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium bovis is an intracellular pathogen that causes tuberculosis in cattle. Following infection, the pathogen resides and persists inside host macrophages by subverting host immune responses via a diverse range of mechanisms. Here, a high-density bovine microarray platform was used to examine the bovine monocyte-derived macrophage transcriptome response to M. bovis infection relative to infection with the attenuated vaccine strain, M. bovis Bacille Calmette–Guérin. Differentially expressed genes were identified (adjusted P-value ≤0.01) and interaction networks generated across an infection time course of 2, 6, and 24 h. The largest number of biological interactions was observed in the 24-h network, which exhibited scale-free network properties. The 24-h network featured a small number of key hub and bottleneck gene nodes, including IKBKE, MYC, NFKB1, and EGR1 that differentiated the macrophage response to virulent and attenuated M. bovis strains, possibly via the modulation of host cell death mechanisms. These hub and bottleneck genes represent possible targets for immuno-modulation of host macrophages by virulent mycobacterial species that enable their survival within a hostile environment

Pojam otkupljenja u naučavanju Ivana Pavla II

4754700,3562,442Q2Q1SCI

Association between canine leishmaniosis and Ehrlichia canis co-infection: a prospective case-control study

Abstract Background In the Mediterranean basin, Leishmania infantum is a major cause of disease in dogs, which are frequently co-infected with other vector-borne pathogens (VBP). However, the associations between dogs with clinical leishmaniosis (ClinL) and VBP co-infections have not been studied. We assessed the risk of VBP infections in dogs with ClinL and healthy controls. Methods We conducted a prospective case-control study of dogs with ClinL (positive qPCR and ELISA antibody for L. infantum on peripheral blood) and clinically healthy, ideally breed-, sex- and age-matched, control dogs (negative qPCR and ELISA antibody for L. infantum on peripheral blood) from Paphos, Cyprus. We obtained demographic data and all dogs underwent PCR on EDTA-blood extracted DNA for haemoplasma species, Ehrlichia/Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., and Hepatozoon spp., with DNA sequencing to identify infecting species. We used logistic regression analysis and structural equation modelling (SEM) to evaluate the risk of VBP infections between ClinL cases and controls. Results From the 50 enrolled dogs with ClinL, DNA was detected in 24 (48%) for Hepatozoon spp., 14 (28%) for Mycoplasma haemocanis, 6 (12%) for Ehrlichia canis and 2 (4%) for Anaplasma platys. In the 92 enrolled control dogs, DNA was detected in 41 (45%) for Hepatozoon spp., 18 (20%) for M. haemocanis, 1 (1%) for E. canis and 3 (3%) for A. platys. No Babesia spp. or “Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum” DNA was detected in any dog. No statistical differences were found between the ClinL and controls regarding age, sex, breed, lifestyle and use of ectoparasitic prevention. A significant association between ClinL and E. canis infection (OR = 12.4, 95% CI: 1.5–106.0, P = 0.022) was found compared to controls by multivariate logistic regression. This association was confirmed using SEM, which further identified that younger dogs were more likely to be infected with each of Hepatozoon spp. and M. haemocanis, and dogs with Hepatozoon spp. were more likely to be co-infected with M. haemocanis. Conclusions Dogs with ClinL are at a higher risk of co-infection with E. canis than clinically healthy dogs. We recommend that dogs diagnosed with ClinL should be tested for E. canis co-infection using PCR

Learner Relationships in Global Higher Education: A Critical Pedagogy for a Multicultural World

Providing the academic community with a robust and highly practical insight into the importance of implementing relationship building into the learning environment and experiences of all students, underpinned by current research, this innovative volume explores intercultural learning and critical pedagogy in the borderless university. By revealing cutting-edge theoretical perspectives and practice which can facilitate critical connections between diverse students, their learning, curriculum, each other, and their communities, Learner Relationships in Global Higher Education integrates academic and student perspectives on relationship development into academic practice. Drawing upon case studies and examples of good practice from across the globe, this book illustrates how practitioners in diverse contexts are designing student experiences in face-to-face and online contexts on- and off-campus to advance learner relationships. By situating this work in a critical pedagogy perspective, the book advances internationalisation in and for a global and multicultural world. In the changing contexts of global higher education, this book is a valuable tool for higher education researchers and practitioners at all stages of their care

The Central Cemetery at Ingombe Ilede, Zambia: Chronology and Connections

Ingombe Ilede is located just north of the Zambezi River, and has often been seen as a trading station connected to Central Africa, the Zimbabwe Plateau and the Indian Ocean. Discussion of the richly appointed burials in its Central Cemetery has been hindered by uncertainty over their ages. In this article, we report four new radiocarbon dates from Ingombe Ilede and six new dates from sites in northern Zimbabwe that are relevant to a wider understanding of Ingombe Ilede and its connections. These ten dates are all on organic fiber cores within copper and bronze jewelry, for which we also report chemical compositions, lead isotope ratios, and (for bronzes) tin isotopic ratios. We show that the richer burials in the Central Cemetery were interred no earlier than the mid fifteenth century. By this time copper from the Central African Copperbelt, 500–700 km north of the Zambezi, had been transported into northern Zimbabwe for at least two centuries, as had tin from the Bushveld Large Igneous Province (BLIP) 900–1000 km south of the Zambezi. The rich burials at Ingombe Ilede represent a late phase of a longstanding trade in copper from the Copperbelt to the Zimbabwean plateau

D-Optimal Design for Nested Sensor Placement

This thesis introduces a new method for the construction of D-optimal designs with a nesting restriction on the choice of design points. It is motivated by an industrial problem in sensor placement for flood monitoring, although the applications to experiment design are not restricted to this field. The nesting structure has two levels. Design points occupy the lower level, and each design point is required to be associated with precisely one member of the higher level. An adaptation of an existing pairwise swap algorithm, sometimes called the Fedorov algorithm, is made to suit this nesting requirement for static linear models. The adaptation features swap operations at the higher level of the nesting structure as well as at the lower level. The performance of this method is demonstrated using simulated and application datasets. Further adaptations are then made to allow for Poisson models, employing a Gaussian quadrature method to effect a Bayesian design. Changes in design points over time are also made possible using applications of the algorithm for the linear model case. The primary motivation across all of the new methodology and its applications is the use of remote sensors in the natural environment as part of the Internet of Things

Graphical Influence Diagnostics for Changepoint Models

Changepoint models enjoy a wide appeal in a variety of disciplines to model the heterogeneity of ordered data. Graphical influence diagnostics to characterize the influence of single observations on changepoint models are, however, lacking. We address this gap by developing a framework for investigating instabilities in changepoint segmentations and assessing the influence of single observations on various outputs of a changepoint analysis. We construct graphical diagnostic plots that allow practitioners to assess whether instabilities occur; how and where they occur; and to detect influential individual observations triggering instability. We analyze well-log data to illustrate how such influence diagnostic plots can be used in practice to reveal features of the data that may otherwise remain hidden. Supplementary materials for this article are available online

The state of the Martian climate

60°N was +2.0°C, relative to the 1981–2010 average value (Fig. 5.1). This marks a new high for the record. The average annual surface air temperature (SAT) anomaly for 2016 for land stations north of starting in 1900, and is a significant increase over the previous highest value of +1.2°C, which was observed in 2007, 2011, and 2015. Average global annual temperatures also showed record values in 2015 and 2016. Currently, the Arctic is warming at more than twice the rate of lower latitudes