A Sterile Neutrino Needed for Heavy-Element Nucleosynthesis

A neutrino mass-mixing scheme which successfully avoids the "alpha effect," allowing r-process nucleosynthesis in the neutrino-heated ejecta of supernovae, quite independently requires the same parameters as the scheme which best fits all current indications for neutrino mass. The significance for particle physics is this independent evidence for (1) at least one light sterile neutrino, nu_s; (2) a near maximally-mixed nu_mu-nu_tau doublet split from a lower mass nu_mu-nu_s doublet; (3) nu_mu-nu_e mixing >~ 10^-4; and (4) a splitting between the doublets (measured by the nu_mu-nu_e mass difference) >~ 1 eV^2, favoring the upper part of the LSND range. If correct, it is tantalizing that neutrinos with tiny masses which mix with sterile species have profound effects on massive objects and the creation of the heaviest elements.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure, PASCOS '99 conference tal

Neutrino Mass and Dark Matter

Despite direct observations favoring a low mass density, a critical density universe with a neutrino component of dark matter provides the best existing model to explain the observed structure of the universe over more than three orders of magnitude in distance scale. In principle this hot dark matter could consist of one, two, or three species of active neutrinos. If all present indications for neutrino mass are correct, however, only the two-species (muon neutrino and tau neutrino) possibility works. This requires the existence of at least one light sterile neutrino to explain the solar electron neutrino deficit via nu(e)->nu(s), leaving nu(mu)->nu(tau) as the explanation for the anomalous nu(mu)/nu(e) ratio produced by atmospheric neutrinos, and having the LSND experiment demonstrating via anti-nu(mu)-> anti-nu(e) the mass difference between the light nu(e)-nu(s) pair and the heavier nu(mu)-nu(tau) pair required for dark matter. Other experiments do not conflict with the LSND results when all the experiments are analyzed in the same way, and when analyzed conservatively the LSND data is quite compatible with the mass difference needed for dark matter. Further support for this mass pattern is provided by the need for a sterile neutrino to rescue heavy-element nucleosynthesis in supernovae, and it could even aid the concordance in light element abundances from the early universe.Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures, IDM 98 conferenc

“Pushing Their Necks Out”: Ultra, The Black Watch, and Command Relations, May-sur-Orne, Normandy, 5 August 1944

In 1974 Group Captain Frederick Winterbotham shocked the world when he revealed in his semiautobiographical work, The Ultra Secret, that the Allies had been breaking high-grade German ciphers throughout the greater portion of the Second World War in an effort commonly referred to as ULTRA.1 His disclosure sparked a tempest as historians anticipated that his admission would lead to a major revision of Second World War historiography. At first, what promised to be a new vista for historical research soon turned into a quagmire. When the British Government selectively released files pertaining to ULTRA, only messages sent to commands in the field were originally released whereas the supporting documents necessary to properly assess and interpret the impact of ULTRA in general, and on Army Group, Army and Corps commanders and their subordinates in the field in particular, were retained. As a result, the reassessment of this aspect of military history met a similar fate to that of British armour at the foot of Verrières-Bourgébus ridge during Operation Goodwood—very good initial progress followed by confusion and lack of consolidation resulting in the perception that ULTRA was nothing more than a highly overrated white elephant. Two decades later, Government Communication Headquarters (GCHQ) in the UK wisely reviewed their policy and began a protracted release of millions of pages of material to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the end of the Second World War. Included were materials that shed new light on the production and dissemination of ULTRA (at Bletchley Park) and its employment by the consumer, Allied High Command, in the field.2 The releases have thus far included everything from security regulations for the handling of messages, to classified inhouse accounts of the impact of ULTRA on commands, to high-level policy papers and distribution lists to name but a few. In addition to the ULTRA material, formerly classified Intelligence summaries (produced at each level of command from Eisenhower’s Supreme Headquarters down to brigade level) were also declassified during this period providing the historian with two mutually supporting sources to layer upon the existing corpus of material.3 As a result, new insight and further understanding can be achieved concerning intentions, orders, decisions and operations that may have been regarded, at that time or since, as peculiar, questionable or ill-conceived. The impact of these new releases on the historiography of Canada’s role in the Second World War can be witnessed in part by re-examining the costly and seemingly questionable advance by the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada on May-sur-Orne during the afternoon of 5 August 1944

Further evidence on the size and power of the Bierens and Johansen cointegration procedures

Although both the Johansen (1991, 1994) trace test and Bierens (1997a,b) nonparametric lambda-min test for cointegration have good size properties in Monte Carlo studies by Hubrich, Lutkepohl, and Saikkonen (2001) and Boswijk, Lucas, and Taylor (2000), the Bierens test has very low power. In contrast, Bierens reports good power for his procedure. Meanwhile, Hubrich et al. and Boswijk et al. do not include Bierens' companion method for estimating the number of cointegrating vectors, nor do they investigate the effect of serial correlation on Bierens'' test. In the present paper, inclusion of the estimation step does not significantly degrade size of the Bierens procedure, even with serial correlation, but power is not improved. Serial correlation does degrade the size of the Johansen test, but it remains superior. Analysis of Bierens'' (1997b) Monte Carlo results suggests that their indication of high power reflects the test''s lack of scale invariance.Monte Carlo

Trust in electronic banking

Trust among stakeholders is vital for the successful implementation of IS projects such as electronic banking, because such IS initiative do not typically require face-to-face interactions. The Business-to-Business (B2B) model is an example of a relationship that facilitates the implementation of electronic banking. For example, ICT suppliers in alliance with banks to provide and support the IT infrastructure required for electronic banking implementation. These different stakeholders may have different perceptions of trust, which may affect electronic banking implementation. This short paper’s aim is to examine how trust from the stakeholder theory perspective impacts the implementation of electronic banking. This paper proposes, from the stakeholder perspective, an integrated framework that conceptualizes trust between B2B relationships as antecedent to the successful implementation of electronic banking. The research will be based on the multi-case study method. Our proposed study provides a foundation for researchers and practitioners alike in understanding the concept of trust and its impact on IS projects

Transforming Disability Policy for Youth and Young Adults with Disabilities

DE129B_PDF2.pdf: 842 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Correct version of "Further evidence on the size and power of the Bierens and Johansen cointegration procedures" restored to the EB website

The paper “Further evidence on the size and power of the Bierens and Johansen cointegration procedures,†by David O. Cushman, was published by the Economics Bulletin on October 8, 2003. Shortly thereafter, while correcting formatting problems on its website, the journal mistakenly replaced the paper's PDF with its earlier unrevised version. The correct PDF version has now been restored.