Regurgitation, Rumination and the Rumination Syndromes

Item date is unknown.Date of publication unknownRumination exists in a wide range of ages, from infancy to adulthood, and is a broad spectrum of conditions ranging from short, benign and self-limited to severe and life threatening. The heterogeneity of patients in many reviews of large cohorts of ruminators contributes to uncertainty of diagnosis and management. Although retrospective chart surveys can have great value, what's needed, in my opinion, is more analytic “splitting” of case studies in addition to abstract “lumping” of large populations

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome in Adults

The date of this item is unknown.Date of publication unknownDate of publication unknownThe past decade has seen a resurgence of interest in CVS, mostly as a result of the work of CVSA and its members. Unfortunately, the fact that CVS affects adults as well as children is still largely unknown

Management of Adult Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome, Including the Use of Opiates

This paper was presented July 1994 at the International Scientific Symposium on Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome held at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London England. It was also published in the Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition supplement on Cyclic Vomiting SyndromeCyclic Vomiting Syndrome is a functional vomiting disorder characterized by recurrent, stereotypic episodes of overwhelming nausea and vomiting lasting hours or days, separated by intervals of relative wellness lasting weeks or months. Samuel Gee first described the condition in the English language literature in 1882. He reported a series of 9 children ranging in age from 4 to 8 years. For more than a century thereafter, CVS was viewed as a pediatric disorder with the result that it was nearly unknown by physicians practicing adult medicine. The fact that CVS is prevalent in adults has been recognized only in the past few years. There are no evidence‐based guidelines for the management of CVS in children or adults and it is my hope that this essay might contribute to further thought and clinical investigation that will lead to a way out of a therapeutic wilderness

Functional Vomiting Patterns and Disorders in Infants, Children, and Adolescents

Date of item is unknown.Date of publication unknownDate of publication unknownThis two page document lists functional vomiting patterns and disorders in infants, children, and adolescents

Categorization of Functional Fecal Soiling

Date of item is unknown.Date of publication 2000?Date of publication 2000?Functional fecal soiling has been categorized as “primary” (i.e., continuous from infancy) and “secondary” (i.e., onset after gaining control of fecal continence). The “primary” vs. “secondary” classification interferes with the problem of how to help a child overcome soiling

Heterogeneity of Diaper Dependency in Three to Six Year-old Children: Implications for Case Management

Date of item is unknown.Date of publication between 2000-2009Date of publication between 2000-2009A retrospective review of 395 charts of children referred for pediatric gastroenterologic evaluation of fecal soiling and other toileting difficulties revealed that thirty ( 8% ) of this series were children between 3 and 6 years of age who persisted in the use of diapers for urination and/or defecation. They could be categorized as those with permitted diaper dependency, whose parents were vague regarding use of the toilet and in their expectations for progress towards that goal, and those with contentious diaper dependency, whose parents' expectations and demands were abundantly clear, but met with stubborn resistance. Children with permitted diaper dependency are helped by clarification of the goals of age-appropriate toileting and strengthened demands for using the toilet instead of diapers. By contrast, increased pressure to give up diapers in children with contentious diaper dependency exacerbates parent-child conflict and may impede progress towards more mature toileting

Infant Colic

Date of item unknown.Date of publication 2000?Date of publication 2000?The term “colic” implies abdominal pain of intestinal origin. However, it has never been proved that colicky crying is caused by pain in the abdomen or anywhere else. The previous edition of the Rome Criteria excluded infant colic from consideration as a functional gastrointestinal disorder. Nevertheless the abdominal pain attribution persists and pediatric gastroenterologists receive referrals of babies with refractory colic or infants who cry excessively due to unsuspected colic. Therefore, familiarity with the “colic syndrome” is necessary for the avoidance of diagnostic and therapeutic misadventures

Is There a Contradiction Between the Bio-psycho-social Model and Evidence-based Practice?

Date of item unknown.Date of publication between 2000-2009Date of publication between 2000-2009Evidence-based knowledge is essential to good practice. However, there are fundamentally different ways of developing evidence. Data gathering by epidemiologic surveys is most likely to get at the “truth” when the diseases in question are caused by contingencies over which people have no control.. In such cases, the personalities of the individuals within the studied population are relatively unimportant. Looking at the incidence of Influenza in Missouri doesn't require knowledge beyond whether or not the individuals surveyed caught the flu and lived in Missouri

Resistance to autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease in an APOE3 Christchurch homozygote: a case report.

We identified a PSEN1 (presenilin 1) mutation carrier from the world's largest autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease kindred, who did not develop mild cognitive impairment until her seventies, three decades after the expected age of clinical onset. The individual had two copies of the APOE3 Christchurch (R136S) mutation, unusually high brain amyloid levels and limited tau and neurodegenerative measurements. Our findings have implications for the role of APOE in the pathogenesis, treatment and prevention of Alzheimer's disease

Incorporation of carbon dioxide production and transport module into a Soil-Plant-Atmosphere continuum model

Carbon dioxide release from agricultural soils is influenced by multiple factors, including soil (soil properties, soil-microbial respiration, water content, temperature, soil diffusivity), plant (carbon assimilation, rhizosphere respiration), atmosphere (climate, atmospheric carbon dioxide), etc. Accurate estimation of the carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in the soil and soil respiration (CO2 flux between soil and atmosphere) requires a process-based modeling approach that accounts for the influence of all these factors. In this study, a module for CO2 production via root and microbial respiration and diffusion-based carbon dioxide transport is developed and integrated with MAIZSIM (a process-based maize crop growth model that accounts for detailed soil and atmospheric processes) based on a modularized architecture. The developed model simulates root respiration based on root mass, root age, soil water content, and temperature. Microbial respiration is based on the soil microbial processes by accounting for the carbon dynamics in the litter, humus, and organic fertilizer pools as moderated by the soil water content, temperature, microbial synthesis, humification, and decomposition of the carbon pools. Case studies presented include scenarios with different soil, climate, and carbon pools that simulated the soil respiration with an average index of agreement of 0.73 and root mean squared error of 11.4 kg carbon ha-1 between the measured and simulated soil respiration. The modular architecture used in the model development facilitates easy integration with other existing crop models and future modifications