Simulation of Near Horizontal Muons and Muon Bundles for the HAWC Observatory with CORSIKA

The HAWC (High Altitude Water Cerenkov) gamma ray observatory observes muons with nearly-horizontal trajectories corresponding to zenith angles greater than $80^{0}$. HAWC is located at an altitude of 4100 meters a.s.l. (70 deg. atmospheric depth of 2400 g/cm$^{2}$) on the extinct volcano, Sierra Negra in Mexico. In this poster, we summarize the CORSIKA and GEANT4 as well as toy-model based simulations performed to determine the effective area of HAWC to muons from high zenith angle cosmic ray primaries. We are developing an updated GEANT4 based detector response simulation that includes a model of the volcanoes that are located near HAWC. These simulations are investigating the capability to use muon multiplicity and rates to differentiate between the primary particle composition (proton or iron) and measure the primary energy.Comment: Presented at the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017), Bexco, Busan, Korea. See arXiv:1708.02572 for all HAWC contribution

Detection of Near Horizontal Muons with the HAWC Observatory

The HAWC (High Altitude Water Cherenkov) gamma ray observatory is able to observe muons with nearly horizontal trajectories. HAWC is located at an altitude of 4100 meters a.s.l. on the Sierra Negra volcano in Mexico. The HAWC detector is composed of 300 water tanks, each 7.3 m in diameter and 4.5 m tall, densely packed over a physical area of 22,000 m$^{2}$. Previous and current experiments have observed high zenith angle (near horizontal) muons at or near sea level. HAWC operates as a hodoscope able to observe multi-TeV muons at zenith angles greater than 75 degrees. This is the first experiment to measure near horizontal muons at high altitude and with large ($\geq$ 10 m) separations for multiple muons. These muons are distinguishable from extensive air showers by observing near horizontal particles propagating with the speed of light. The proximity of Sierra Negra and Pico de Orizaba volcanoes provides an additional measurement of muons with rock overburdens of several km water equivalent. We will present the angular distribution and rate at which HAWC observes these muon eventsComment: Presented at the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2017), Bexco, Busan, Korea. See arXiv:1708.02572 for all HAWC contribution

Springer theory via the Hitchin fibration

In this paper, we translate the Springer theory of Weyl group representations into the language of symplectic topology. Given a semisimple complex group G, we describe a Lagrangian brane in the cotangent bundle of the adjoint quotient g/G that produces the perverse sheaves of Springer theory. The main technical tool is an analysis of the Fourier transform for constructible sheaves from the perspective of the Fukaya category. Our results can be viewed as a toy model of the quantization of Hitchin fibers in the Geometric Langlands program.Comment: 37 pages; to appear in Compos. Mat

3He{}^{3}\mathrm{He} and pdpd Scattering to Next-to-Leading Order in Pionless Effective Field Theory

We study the three-body systems of ${}^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $pd$ scattering and demonstrate, both analytically and numerically, that a new $pd$ three-body force is needed at next-to-leading order in pionless effective field theory. We also show that at leading order these observables require no new three-body force beyond what is necessary to describe $nd$ scattering. We include electromagnetic effects by iterating only diagrams that involve a single photon exchange in the three-body sector.Comment: 41 pages, 12 figure

Transcriptional down-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Background: Tobacco is a leading environmental factor in the initiation of respiratory diseases and causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases and SOCS-3 has been shown to play an important role in the regulation, onset and maintenance of airway allergic inflammation indicating that SOCS-3 displays a potential therapeutic target for anti-inflammatory respiratory drugs development. Since chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is also characterized by inflammatory changes and airflow limitation, the present study assessed the transcriptional expression of SOCS-3 in COPD. Methods: Real-time PCR was performed to assess quantitative changes in bronchial biopsies of COPD patients in comparison to unaffected controls. Results: SOCS-3 was significantly down-regulated in COPD at the transcriptional level while SOCS-4 and SOCS-5 displayed no change. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the presently observed inhibition of SOCS-3 mRNA expression may be related to the dysbalance of cytokine signaling observed in COPD

Shear sum rules at finite chemical potential

We derive sum rules which constrain the spectral density corresponding to the retarded propagator of the T_{xy} component of the stress tensor for three gravitational duals. The shear sum rule is obtained for the gravitational dual of the N=4 Yang-Mills, theory of the M2-branes and M5-branes all at finite chemical potential. We show that at finite chemical potential there are additional terms in the sum rule which involve the chemical potential. These modifications are shown to be due to the presence of scalars in the operator product expansion of the stress tensor which have non-trivial vacuum expectation values at finite chemical potential.Comment: The proof for the absence of branch cuts is corrected.Results unchange