Electron density effects in the modulation spectroscopy of strained and lattice-matched InGaAs/InAlAs/InP high-electron-mobility transistor structures

The effects of the channel electron density on the interband optical transitions of strained (x=0.6 and 0.65) and lattice-matched (x=0.53) InxGa1–xAs/In0.52Al0.48As/InP high-electron-mobility transistor structures have been investigated by phototransmittance at room temperature. Analysis of the ground and first excited transitions for low and high densities, respectively, enabled a separate estimation of the electron densities occupying each one of the first two subbands. It was found necessary to include the modulation of the phase-space filling in the analysis of the spectra, especially for the samples with a high electron density, in which case this modulation mechanism becomes dominant

Investigation of the Microstructural and Thermoelectric Properties of the (GeTe)0.95(Bi2Te3)0.05 Composition for Thermoelectric Power Generation Applications

In the frame of the current research, the p-type Bi2Te3 doped (GeTe)(0.95)(Bi2Te3)(0.05) alloy composed of hot pressed consolidated submicron structured powder was investigated. The influence of the process parameters (i.e., powder particles size and hot pressing conditions) on both reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity and electronic optimization is described in detail. Very high maximal ZT values of up to similar to 1.6 were obtained and correlated to the microstructural characteristics. Based on the various involved mechanisms, a potential route for further enhancement of the ZT values of the investigated composition is proposed.EC, FP7 PowerDriver Projec

Sporulation in soil as an over-winter survival strategy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Due to its commercial value and status as a research model there is an extensive body of knowledge concerning Saccharomyces cerevisiae’s cell biology and genetics. Investigations into S. cerevisiae’s ecology are comparatively lacking, and are mostly focussed on the behaviour of this species in high sugar, fruit-based environments; however, fruit is ephemeral and presumably S. cerevisiae has evolved a strategy to survive when this niche is not available. Among other places, S. cerevisiae has been isolated from soil which, in contrast to fruit, is a permanent habitat. We hypothesise that S. cerevisiae employs a life history strategy targeted at self-preservation rather than growth outside of the fruit niche, and resides in forest niches, such as soil, in a dormant and resistant sporulated state, returning to fruit via vectors such as insects. One crucial aspect of this hypothesis is that S. cerevisiae must be able to sporulate in the ‘forest’ environment. Here we provide the first evidence for a natural environment (soil) where S. cerevisiae sporulates. While there are further aspects of this hypothesis that require experimental verification, this is the first step towards an inclusive understanding of the more cryptic aspects of S. cerevisiae’s ecology

Recent Developments in International Antitrust

IN THIS ERA of relative peace, many nations, including our own, are focusing more attention on important international economic issues rather than on military or political questions. These current issues include how to control abuses by multinational corporations, how to deal with commodity cartels, how to achieve a satisfactory transfer of technology to less developed nations, and how to create additional export opportunities for nations with a shortage of foreign exchange. In a broad sense, all these subjects can be viewed as involving issues of international antitrust or competition policy

Recent Developments in International Antitrust

IN THIS ERA of relative peace, many nations, including our own, are focusing more attention on important international economic issues rather than on military or political questions. These current issues include how to control abuses by multinational corporations, how to deal with commodity cartels, how to achieve a satisfactory transfer of technology to less developed nations, and how to create additional export opportunities for nations with a shortage of foreign exchange. In a broad sense, all these subjects can be viewed as involving issues of international antitrust or competition policy

Competition, Trade, and the Antitrust Division: 1981

One of the primary purposes-some would say the primary pur- pose--of antitrust laws is to promote efficient allocation of resources and maximum consumer choice by preventing and punishing artificial barriers to competition and unreasonable restraints of trade.\u27 The An- titrust Division of the U.S. Department of Justice has therefore con- cerned itself with the task of breaking down those barriers. In the domestic field, this policy has traditionally taken the form of prosecut- ing persons and corporations who engage in price fixing or market divi- sion, or who obtain or maintain monopoly power by means of abusive practices. More recently, the Antitrust Division, while continuing its attack on private restraints, has opened a second front by seeking to narrow the scope of, or to abolish government regulations which em- body or facilitate restrictions on competition

Introduction to Rahl Symposium

This Symposium deals with one of the central questions in James Rahl\u27s illustrious academic career-how to preserve and improve inter- national competition. That issue can be viewed as one of competition policy, trade policy, or antitrust enforcement. This Symposium deals only with the third topic, but the first two issues set the legislative context, which is often crucial

Citizens In The Making : Black Philadelphians, The Republican Party And Urban Reform, 1885-1913

“Citizens in the Making” broadens the scope of historical treatments of black politics at the end of the nineteenth century by shifting the focus of electoral battles away from the South, where states wrote disfranchisement into their constitutions. Philadelphia offers a municipal-level perspective on the relationship between African Americans, the Republican Party, and political and social reformers, but the implications of this study reach beyond one city to shed light on a nationwide effort to degrade and diminish black citizenship. I argue that black citizenship was constructed as alien and foreign in the urban North in the last decades of the nineteenth century and that this process operated in tension with and undermined the efforts of black Philadelphians to gain traction on their exercise of the franchise. For black Philadelphians at the end of the nineteenth century, the franchise did not seem doomed or secure anywhere in the nation. Black Philadelphians pressed the Republican Party for the rights of citizenship as well as the spoils of partisanship, even as Republican enthusiasm for black rights waned and an energetic political reform movement defined black Philadelphians as unqualified for citizenship. “Citizens in the Making” shows how black participation and activism in municipal politics kept the local, state and, to some extent, the national Republican Party tethered to black constituencies and racial politics long after Reconstruction officially ended in 1877 with the withdrawal of federal troops from the South. This study uses published and unpublished sources, including records from political and social reform organizations, the personal papers of white and black reformers, newspapers, court and church records. It reveals a consistent effort on the part of black Philadelphians to bring the rights of national citizenship to bear on the city’s politics. Philadelphia’s disproportionately large and rapidly growing black population makes the city a useful starting point for demonstrating how the priorities of the Republican Party evolved after Reconstruction, rather than taking as a given the party’s disinterest in the fate of black citizens

The United States/Canadian Antitrust Relationship in the Context of a Free Trade Zone

Competition and Dispute Resolution in the North American Context and antitrust and free trade zone