Entanglement between Demand and Supply in Markets with Bandwagon Goods

Whenever customers' choices (e.g. to buy or not a given good) depend on others choices (cases coined 'positive externalities' or 'bandwagon effect' in the economic literature), the demand may be multiply valued: for a same posted price, there is either a small number of buyers, or a large one -- in which case one says that the customers coordinate. This leads to a dilemma for the seller: should he sell at a high price, targeting a small number of buyers, or at low price targeting a large number of buyers? In this paper we show that the interaction between demand and supply is even more complex than expected, leading to what we call the curse of coordination: the pricing strategy for the seller which aimed at maximizing his profit corresponds to posting a price which, not only assumes that the customers will coordinate, but also lies very near the critical price value at which such high demand no more exists. This is obtained by the detailed mathematical analysis of a particular model formally related to the Random Field Ising Model and to a model introduced in social sciences by T C Schelling in the 70's.Comment: Updated version, accepted for publication, Journal of Statistical Physics, online Dec 201

Resolution of chemical shift anisotropy in 19F ENDOR spectroscopy at 263 GHz/9.4 T

Pulsed 19F ENDOR spectroscopy provides a selective method for measuring angstrom to nanometer distances in structural biology. Here, the performance of 19F ENDOR at fields of 3.4 T and 9.4 T is compared using model compounds containing one to three 19F atoms. CF3 groups are included in two compounds, for which the possible occurrence of uniaxial rotation might affect the distance distribution. At 9.4 T, pronounced asymmetric features are observed in many of the presented 19F ENDOR spectra. Data analysis by spectral simulations shows that these features arise from the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) of the 19F nuclei. This asymmetry is also observed at 3.4 T, albeit to a much smaller extent, confirming the physical origin of the effect. The CSA parameters are well consistent with DFT predicted values and can be extracted from simulation of the experimental data in favourable cases, thereby providing additional information about the geometrical and electronic structure of the spin system. The feasibility of resolving the CSA at 9.4 T provides important information for the interpretation of line broadening in ENDOR spectra also at lower fields, which is relevant for developing methods to extract distance distributions from 19F ENDOR spectra

PERENCANAAN KEBUTUHAN MATERIAL (PKM) PADA PRODUKSI KINCIR ANGIN KAPASITAS 100 WATT

Banda Ace

Solutions For Grand Challenges In Goat And Sheep Production

Goats and sheep are valuable livestock as they produce food, such as meat, milk, fleece, and other products. In addition, goats and sheep are important both for agriculture and biomedical research. Even though these small ruminants provide essential goods, there are major obstacles preventing the efficient, sustainable, and profitable production of goats and sheep. This review is significant because it summarizes major challenges facing goat and sheep production, their negative impacts, and specific science-based solutions to overcome them. These challenge areas are education and training, research, translational research/biotechnology, goat and sheep health, and effective/efficient/sustainable/profitable agribusiness. The solutions include effective teaching of goat and sheep science to next generation and empowering the public, supporting and pursuing innovative and translational research, preventing and treating diseases, facilitating technology transfer, and developing sound agribusinesses. This resource is expected to be helpful to scientists, students, and goat and sheep producers. In addition, the information on the current state of goat and sheep agriculture will help the public better understand and appreciate challenges and opportunities in small ruminant production

Chloridotris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN 2)(formato-κO)copper(II)–dichlorido­bis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN 2)copper(II) (2/1)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cu(CHO2)Cl(C5H8N2)3]2·[CuCl2(C5H8N2)2] or 2[A]·[B], contains one A mol­ecule and one half-molecule of B, located on a centre of inversion. The CuII environments in A and B are different. In A, the CuII atom is coordinated by three N atoms from three 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (L) ligands, one O atom from a formate ligand and a chloride anion in an axial position [Cu—Cl = 2.4275 (7) Å] in a distorted tetra­gonal–pyramidal geometry. The CuII atom in B is coordinated by two N atoms from two L ligands and two chloride anions [Cu—Cl = 2.2524 (6) Å] in a distorted square-planar geometry. In the crystal, inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol­ecules A into centrosymmetric dimers. Inter­molecular N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds further link these dimers with the B mol­ecules, forming chains propagating in [101]

Bis(acetato-κ2 O,O′)bis­(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN 2)copper(II)

In the title compound, [Cu(C2H3O2)2(C5H8N2)2], the CuII atom has a distorted tetra­gonal–bipyramidal geometry, with the equatorial plane formed by two N atoms belonging to two 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole ligands and two O atoms from two acetate anions. The second O atoms of the acetate groups provide elongated Cu—O axial contacts, so that the acetates appear to be coordinated in a pseudo-chelate fashion. The pyrazole ligands are situated in cis positions with respect to each other. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked through inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional chain

Utility and Usability of Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) for Displaying Real-Time Tissue Perfusion/Blood Flow in Robot-Assisted Surgery (RAS): Comparison to Indocyanine Green (ICG) and Use in Laparoscopic Surgery.

BACKGROUND: Utility and usability of laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) in detecting real-time tissue perfusion in robot-assisted surgery (RAS) and laparoscopic surgery are not known. LSCI displays a color heatmap of real-time tissue blood flow by capturing the interference of coherent laser light on red blood cells. LSCI has advantages in perfusion visualization over indocyanine green imaging (ICG) including repeat use on demand, no need for dye, and no latency between injection and display. Herein, we report the first-in-human clinical comparison of a novel device combining proprietary LSCI processing and ICG for real-time perfusion assessment during RAS and laparoscopic surgeries. METHODS: ActivSight™ imaging module is integrated between a standard laparoscopic camera and scope, capable of detecting tissue blood flow via LSCI and ICG in laparoscopic surgery. From November 2020 to July 2021, we studied its use during elective robotic-assisted and laparoscopic cholecystectomies, colorectal, and bariatric surgeries (NCT# 04633512). For RAS, an ancillary laparoscope with ActivSight imaging module was used for LSCI/ICG visualization. We determined safety, usability, and utility of LSCI in RAS vs. laparoscopic surgery using end-user/surgeon human factor testing (Likert scale 1-5) and compared results with two-tailed t tests. RESULTS: 67 patients were included in the study-40 (60%) RAS vs. 27 (40%) laparoscopic surgeries. Patient demographics were similar in both groups. No adverse events to patients and surgeons were observed in both laparoscopic and RAS groups. Use of an ancillary laparoscopic system for LSCI/ICG visualization had minimal impact on usability in RAS as evidenced by surgeon ratings of device usability (set-up 4.2/5 and form-factor 3.8/5). LSCI ability to detect perfusion (97.5% in RAS vs 100% in laparoscopic cases) was comparable in both RAS and laparoscopic cases. CONCLUSIONS: LSCI demonstrates comparable utility and usability in detecting real-time tissue perfusion/blood flow in RAS and laparoscopic surgery

From a P‐Bridging Phosphaketene to μ‐Phosphinidenide and μ‐Diphosphaurea Units at a Dinickel Core

Salt metathesis of dinickel(II) complex LNi₂Br (1; L is a dinucleating pyrazolate ligand with two β‐diketiminato chelate arms) with Na(OCP) ⋅ (dioxane)₂.₅ yielded LNi₂(PCO) (2) with a P‐bridging phosphaethynolate. Further reaction of 2 with benzyl isocyanide or with an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) triggered decarbonylation and gave LNi₂(PCN‐CH₂Ph) (3) and LNi₂P(NHC) (4) with P‐bridging cyanophosphide and NHC‐phosphinidenide, respectively. Electronic structure analysis indicated a μ₂‐η² : η¹ binding mode of the PCO⁻ anion between the two NiII ions in 2, which is even more pronounced for the [PCN(−CH₂Ph)]⁻ anion in 3. DFT assessment of the formation mechanism of 4 showed that attack at the phosphaketene‐C atom is kinetically preferred but reversible and unproductive, while kinetically more demanding back‐side SN2 attack at the phosphaketene‐P atom triggers CO release with 4 as thermodynamic product. Nucleophilic addition at the phosphaketene‐C could be demonstrated by the strongly exergonic reaction of 2 with KPPh₂, giving unstable K[LNi₂(P(O)CPPh₂)] (5) with a P‐bridging and K⁺‐stabilized diphosphaurea derivative. All new complexes 2–5 have been comprehensively characterized, including by X‐ray diffraction