L'écorçage par le cerf (Cervus elaphus) : une autovermifugation par les tanins

L'écorçage par le cerf élaphe est un phénomène connu et en progression en France. Les répercussions économiques sont importantes. L'écorçage est plurifactoriel. Les principales causes décrites sont d'ordre alimentaire mais ne suffisent pas à expliquer ce comportement. On envisage l'écorçage sous un aspect sanitaire. Les résultats obtenus sont en faveur d'une action bénéfique de la consommation d'écorce de hêtre sur l'excrétion parasitaire. Poursuivre cette étude permettrait d'entrevoir un phénomène actif d'automédication, en comparant changements de comportement alimentaire et variation d'excrétion parasitaire

Tularaemia: A challenging zoonosis

In recent years, several emerging zoonotic vector-borne infections with potential impact on human health have been identified in Europe, including tularaemia, caused by Francisella tularensis.This remarkable pathogen, one of the most virulent microorganisms currently known, has been detected in increasingly new settings and in a wide range of wild species, including lagomorphs, rodents, carnivores, fish and invertebrate arthropods. Also, a renewed concern has arisen with regard to F. tularensis: its potential use by bioterrorists. Based on the information published concerning the latest outbreaks, the aim of this paper is to review the main features of the agent, its biology, immunology and epidemiology. Moreover, special focus will be given to zoonotic aspects of the disease, as tularaemia outbreaks in human populations have been frequently associated with disease in animals

Relevance of the synergy of surveillance and populational networks in understanding the Usutu virus outbreak within common blackbirds (Turdus merula) in Metropolitan France, 2018

Usutu virus (USUV) was first isolated in Africa in 1959 and has since spread to and through Europe with a typical enzootic mosquito-bird cycle. In France, it was first detected in birds in 2015, but during summer 2018 the spread of USUV was particularly significant throughout the country, killing mainly common blackbirds (Turdus merula) and to a lesser extent great grey owls (Strix nebulosa), among other captive and non-captive wild bird species. Previous studies of USUV in France have focused on reconstructing pathways of introduction, but not on structural aspects of virus spread within the country. Data (RT-PCR of geolocated dead birds) on this 2018 outbreak were collected through both an event-based wildlife network named SAGIR and the health surveillance of the French-speaking Association of Zoo Veterinarians (AFVPZ). In addition, common blackbird populations could be monitored through another network (REZOP). Statistical analysis (spatial, temporal, spatiotemporal and environmental determinants) of the SAGIR and AFVPZ network data helped to highlight the early appearance of separate large clusters of USUV cases in mid-July 2018, the subsequent diffusion into smaller and secondary clusters at the end of August 2018, and a meanwhile enlargement of the first clusters with an increase in the number of cases. High human density (top 10.5% densest areas in France) and wetland concentration (top 19.3% most likely wetland areas) were significant factors in USUV case locations. Using generalised additive mixed models on REZOP data, we also highlighted the decline in common blackbird population trends in areas with medium and even more with high USUV pressure (areas defined based on SAGIR-AFVPZ data) following the 2018 outbreak (respectively −7.4% [−11.4; −3.9]95% and −15.7% [−16.2; −9.1]95%). A large area (radius ∼150 km) in the centre and centre-west of France, and smaller areas in the south-east, north and north-east of France (each with a radius ∼ 50 km) were particularly affected. We conclude on the importance to work with synergistic networks to assess infection spread in wild bird species, as well as the negative impact of an emerging arbovirus. The responsiveness of such a network system could be improved by automating alerts

L'écorçage par le cerf (Cervus elaplus) : une autovermifugation par les tanins

Bark stripping by red deer, wich has important economical consequences is increasing in France. Only food factors are rapported in litterature but are not efficient to explain totally the phenomenom. In this study, we consider the sanitary aspect. The results show a decreasing of parasites excretion following bark stripping. Continuing this study would allow us to look at the possibility of active self worming by comparing changes in feeding habits with variations in the excretion of parasitesL'écorçage par le cerf élaphe est un phénomène connu et en progression en France. Les répercussions économiques sont importantes. L'écorçage est plurifactoriel. Les principales causes décrites sont d'ordre alimentaire mais ne suffisent pas à expliquer ce comportement. On envisage l'écorçage sous un aspect sanitaire. Les résultats obtenus sont en faveur d'une action bénéfique de la consommation d'écorce de hêtre sur l'excrétion parasitaire. Poursuivre cette étude permettrait d'entrevoir un phénomène actif d'automédication, en comparant changements de comportement alimentaire et variation d'excrétion parasitaire

L'écorçage par le cerf (Cervus elaplus) (une autovermifugation par les tanins)

L'écorçage par le cerf élaphe est un phénomène connu et en progression en France. Les répercussions économiques sont importantes. L'écorçage est plurifactoriel. Les principales causes décrites sont d'ordre alimentaire mais ne suffisent pas à expliquer ce comportement. On envisage l'écorçage sous un aspect sanitaire. Les résultats obtenus sont en faveur d'une action bénéfique de la consommation d'écorce de hêtre sur l'excrétion parasitaire. Poursuivre cette étude permettrait d'entrevoir un phénomène actif d'automédication, en comparant changements de comportement alimentaire et variation d'excrétion parasitaire.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE-EN Vétérinaire (315552301) / SudocSudocFranceF