L’impact de la violence conjugale sur les enfants : quel parent est responsable?

Ce texte est le fruit d’une réflexion axée sur la pratique des auteures en matière d’intervention concernant la violence conjugale auprès de femmes qui en sont victimes et de leurs enfants. Leur but est de démontrer que les droits parentaux évoluent à la faveur des transformations sociales et qu’ils entrent trop souvent aujourd’hui, au Québec, en concurrence avec les droits fondamentaux des victimes d’actes criminels lorsque ceux-ci se produisent au sein de la famille. En d’autres termes, la Politique québécoise en matière de violence conjugale ne pénètre pas la sphère du droit familial où se transigent les droits parentaux des auteurs de cette violence, ce qui amène à reconstruire des rôles parentaux sexués.This article is based on our experience as practitioners in women’s shelters in Québec and in particular with children who have witnessed domestic violence. It addresses how parental rights too often contradict those of the victims of these crimes. In fact, we note very little impact of the governmental policies protecting children against domestic violence on the Family Court system which deals with custody. This seems to render victims rather than aggressors responsible for the consequences of this violence on children

La izquierda mexicana después de 2012

Recorrido por distintas representaciones de la izquierda mexicana, desde organismos civiles hasta partidos políticos. El autor se apoya en Rosaura Ruiz y Bruno Velázquez para asegurar que ser de izquierda es, sobre todo, una praxis. Una izquierda que plantea la necesidad de renovarse para alcanzar lo que llama una nueva sociedad de justicia. Una izquierda y dos vertientes, una como partido político y otra que ha encontrado una forma de hacer política que es no partidista ni electoral.ITESO, A.C

Ayotzinapa es México

Recorrido por los hechos en torno a los 43 estudiantes de Ayotzinapa desaparecidos el 26 de septiembre de 2014 en Iguala, Guerrero, y lo sucedido en los meses siguientes. Se presentan diferentes momentos y declaraciones y se destacan las diversas manifestaciones nacionales e internacionales que exigen esclarecer el caso y su demanda por hacer justicia.ITESO, A.C

Poor health outcomes amongst Afro-Colombians are driven by discrimination as well as economic disadvantage

Differential health outcomes are driven by both structural and internalised forms of discrimination, so strategies targeting health disparities amongst Afro-Colombians must adopt an integrated approach, writes Maria Cecilia Dedios (LSE Psychological and Behavioural Science)

El “Chapo”, capo escapista, peligroso y mediático

Un texto dedicado a quien, en el imaginario social, es el estereotipo del delincuente que nació en una situación de marginación hasta ascender al pequeño grupo de quienes son dueños de cientos de millones de dólares. En este texto se aborda el origen, la trayectoria, la captura y recaptura de Joaquín Archibaldo Guzmán Loera, el “Chapo”, jefe del cártel de Sinaloa, “una de las más poderosas asociaciones criminales del narcotráfico del mundo”, y se contrasta su historia con el manejo que el gobierno federal ha hecho del caso.ITESO, A.C

Reflections on a research field trip to Brazil

As Professor Sandra Jovchelovitch prepares to travel to Quito to participate in Habitat III, current and former postgraduate students reflect on their experience of travelling to Brazil to observe first-hand how socio-cultural psychologists research and work in complex urban environments

Acquisition of Skill Proficiency Over Multiple Sessions of a Novel Rover Simulation

Following long-duration exploration transits, adaptive changes in sensorimotor function may impair the crew's ability to safely perform manual control tasks such as operating pressurized rovers. Postflight performance will also be influenced by the level of preflight skill proficiency they have attained. The purpose of this study was to characterize the acquisition of skills in a motion-based rover simulation over multiple sessions, and to investigate the effects of varying the simulation scenarios. METHODS: Twenty healthy subjects were tested in 5 sessions, with 1-3 days between sessions. Each session consisted of a serial presentation of 8 discrete tasks to be completed as quickly and accurately as possible. Each task consisted of 1) perspective-taking, using a map that defined a docking target, 2) navigation toward the target around a Martian outpost, and 3) docking a side hatch of the rover to a visually guided target. The simulator utilized a Stewart-type motion base (CKAS, Australia), single-seat cabin with triple scene projection covering 150 deg horizontal by 50 deg vertical, and joystick controller. Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group (tasks identical in the first 4 sessions) or a varied-practice group. The dependent variables for each task included accuracy toward the target and time to completion. RESULTS: The greatest improvements in time to completion occurred during the docking phase. The varied-practice group showed more improvement in perspective-taking accuracy. Perspective-taking accuracy was also affected by the relative orientation of the rover to the docking target. Skill acquisition was correlated with self-ratings of previous gaming experience. DISCUSSION: Varying task selection and difficulty will optimize the preflight acquisition of skills when performing novel operational tasks. Simulation of operational manual control will provide functionally relevant evidence regarding the impact of sensorimotor adaptation on early surface operations and what countermeasures are needed. Learning Objective: The use of a motion-based simulation to investigate decrements in the proficiency to operate pressurized rovers during early surface operations of space exploration missions, along with the acquisition of skill proficiency needed during the preflight phase of the mission

Effect of Target Location on Dynamic Visual Acuity During Passive Horizontal Rotation

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) generates eye rotation to compensate for potential retinal slip in the specific plane of head movement. Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) has been utilized as a functional measure of the VOR. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in accuracy and reaction time when performing a DVA task with targets offset from the plane of rotation, e.g. offset vertically during horizontal rotation. Visual acuity was measured in 12 healthy subjects as they moved a hand-held joystick to indicate the orientation of a computer-generated Landolt C "as quickly and accurately as possible." Acuity thresholds were established with optotypes presented centrally on a wall-mounted LCD screen at 1.3 m distance, first without motion (static condition) and then while oscillating at 0.8 Hz (DVA, peak velocity 60 deg/s). The effect of target location was then measured during horizontal rotation with the optotypes randomly presented in one of nine different locations on the screen (offset up to 10 deg). The optotype size (logMar 0, 0.2 or 0.4, corresponding to Snellen range 20/20 to 20/50) and presentation duration (150, 300 and 450 ms) were counter-balanced across five trials, each utilizing horizontal rotation at 0.8 Hz. Dynamic acuity was reduced relative to static acuity in 7 of 12 subjects by one step size. During the random target trials, both accuracy and reaction time improved proportional to optotype size. Accuracy and reaction time also improved between 150 ms and 300 ms presentation durations. The main finding was that both accuracy and reaction time varied as a function of target location, with greater performance decrements when acquiring vertical targets. We conclude that dynamic visual acuity varies with target location, with acuity optimized for targets in the plane of motion. Both reaction time and accuracy are functionally relevant DVA parameters of VOR function

PMH40 How do Patients Describe Their Depression? - Incorporating the Patient's Voice Into Instrument Development

Letter from CGIAR Chairman Ismail Serageldin to CGIAR heads of delegation, board chairs, center directors and the TAC chairman and secretariat, leading up to ICW94. Serageldin described the work of various ad hoc and standing bodies in preparation for International Centers Week 1994 and the Ministerial-level Meeting being planned for early 1995. He also announced that as a result of additional funding by donors and matching funds from the World Bank, the 1994 core program was fully funded

Focal Gray Matter Plasticity as a Function of Long Duration Head-down Tilt Bed Rest

Long duration spaceflight (i.e., > or = 22 days) has been associated with changes in sensorimotor systems, resulting in difficulties that astronauts experience with posture control, locomotion, and manual control. The microgravity environment is an important causal factor for spaceflight induced sensorimotor changes. Whether these sensorimotor changes may be related to structural and functional brain changes is yet unknown. However, experimental studies revealed changes in the gray matter (GM) of the brain after simulated microgravity. Thus, it is possible that spaceflight may affect brain structure and thereby cognitive functioning and motor behavior. Long duration head-down tilt bed rest has been suggested as an exclusionary analog to study microgravity effects on the sensorimotor system. Bed rest mimics microgravity in body unloading and bodily fluid shifts. In consideration of the health and performance of crewmembers both in- and post-flight, we are conducting a prospective longitudinal 70-day bed rest study as an analog to investigate the effects of microgravity on the brain. VBM analysis revealed a progressive decrease from pre- to in- bed rest in GM volume in bilateral areas including the frontal medial cortex, the insular cortex and the caudate. Over the same time period, there was a progressive increase in GM volume in the cerebellum, occipital-, and parietal cortex, including the precuneus. The majority of these changes did not fully recover during the post-bed rest period. Analysis of lobular GM volumes obtained with BRAINS showed significantly increased volume from pre-bed rest to in-bed rest in GM of the parietal lobe and the third ventricle. Temporal GM volume at 70 days in bed rest was smaller than that at the first pre-bed rest measurement. Trend analysis showed significant positive linear and negative quadratic relationships between parietal GM and time, a positive linear relationship between third ventricle volume and time, and a negative linear relationship between cerebellar GM volume and time. FM performance improved from pre-bed rest session 1 to session 2. From the second pre-bed rest measure to the last-day-in-bed rest, there was a significant decrease in performance that only partially recovered post-bed rest. No significant association was observed between changes in brain volume and changes in functional mobility. Extended bed rest, which is an analog for microgravity, can result in local volumetric GM increase and decrease and adversely affect functional mobility. These changes in brain structure and performance were not related in this sample. Whether the effects of bed rest dissipate at longer times post-bed rest, and if they are associated with behavior are important questions that warrant further research including more subjects and longer follow-up times