The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in the patients visiting a dental school in Northern India in relation to sex, site and distribution: A retrospective study.

Objective: To determine the distribution of oro-mucosal lesions in patients of Maharishi Markendeshwer College of Dental Sciences and Research, (MMCDSR), Mullana. Further to identify sex predilection and different sites which are more susceptible to different oro-mucosal lesions. Materials and methods: A hospital based retrospective study was carried out from 1st January 2007 till 31st December 2009 at (MMCDSR), Mullana. A total of 451 biopsy reports were studied. Distribution and prevalence of oro-mucosal lesions among the data were analyzed using SPSS software package version 13. Results: There was no mention of habits in the biopsy reports of 85.4 % (385 patients) of the subjects. Out of the 66 subjects whose habits were mentioned, 71.2 % (47 patients) used to smoke tobacco in one form or the other. 21.2 % (14 patients) used to chew tobacco, 4.5 % (3 patients) of the subjects were in the habit of both smoking and chewing tobacco. More percentage of females 53.1 % were present in the age-group of 11-20 years as compared to males 46.9 % whereas in all other age-groups males were more in number. Regarding the distribution of oral lesions in the oral cavity, buccal mucosa was the common site for the presence of potentially malignant disorders in 16.8 % of the subjects and it was also the most common site for all the lesions. Conclusion: Lesion prevalence differed significantly by age, sex, and tobacco use. Individual demographic details such as age, gender, occupation, food habits, other deleterious oral habits, religion and oral hygiene measures should have a provision in biopsy request sheet and should be duly filled which will help in identifying risk-groups. Community programmes should be taken for public health to get them screened for any oral-mucosal lesions by availing pathological lab facilities

Osteosarcoma of maxilla: a case report

Osteosarcoma is a common primary malignant bone tumor producing osteoid or bone. It occurs very infrequently in the jaws and comprises of 4% of the tumour number as compared to the osteosarcoma of the long bones. Os- teosarcoma of the maxilla is even rarer presenting with common clinical features of pain and swelling. This pre- sented case is a rare case of osteosarcoma of maxilla in a 21-year-old female patient. Diagnosis and pre-operative assessment was performed using a combination of intraoral periapical radiograph, occlusal radiograph, paranasal view and computed tomography (CT). CT revealed destruction of the walls of maxillary sinus and sunray type of ossification in the soft tissues. Conformation was done with histology report followed by surgical removal of the tumor with safety margins. Dental professionals may be the first to detect jaw osteosarcomas in their initial stages. Regardless of the favourable biological behaviour, the patients of jaw osteosarcoma usually exhibit advanced tumor as it often goes unnoticed by the dental professional thus stressing on the need for early diagnosis of the lesion. The aim of this case report is to draw attention to the possibility of diagnosing this tumor based on clinical and radio- graphical characteristics before confirmation by histology

Toluidine blue staining as an adjunctive tool for early diagnosis of dysplastic changes in the oral mucosa

Prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma depends on early diagnosis, despite advanced surgical techniques, the 5-year survival rate remains ~40-50%. Unfortunately, it is usually detected when it becomes symptomatic. This requires treatment which gives rise to a high rate of morbidity and mortality and, furthermore, early detection of oro-pharyngeal pre-malignant lesions is important to improve the survival rate and quality of life. Since dysplasia and in situ carcinoma contain much more DNA and RNA than the normal surrounding epithelium, the use of in vivo staining, by means of toluidine blue dye, is based on the fact that it is an acidophilic dye that selectively stains acidic tissue components such as DNA and RNA. Toluidine blue staining is considered to be sensitive in identifying early oro-pharyngeal premalignant and malignant lesions. In the present study, the use of toluidine blue staining was taken into consideration to identify clinically doubtful oro-pharyngeal lesions and to compare toluidine blue stain and with the histological evaluation

Understanding the role of emotions, usability components and design features in HCI

This paper has discussed the observations of various emotions which are invoked in the human computer interface and how these emotions affect the decisions of the users online. This paper has also discussed usability test methods in the human computer interface design and its relation with the usability of the interfaces. Also some principles are put forward which should be implemented for the development of better interfaces

Hybrid Approach for Face Recognition Using DWT and LBP

Authentication of individuals plays a vital role to check intrusions in any online digital system. Most commonly and securely used techniques are biometric fingerprint reader and face recognition. Face recognition is the process of identification of individuals by their facial images, as faces are rarely matched. Face recognition technique merely considering test images and compare this with number of trained images stored in database and then conclude whether the test images matches with any trained images. In this paper we have discussed two hybrid techniques local binary pattern (LBP) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for face images to extract feature stored in database by applying principal component analysis for fusion and same process is done for test images. Then K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier is used to classify images and measure the accuracy. Our proposed model achieved 95% accuracy. The aim of this paper is to develop a robust method for face recognition and classification of individuals to improve the recognition rate, efficiency of the system and for lesser complexity

Book Review on Puspayurvedah - A unique contribution of Prof. P.V. Sharma

"Puspayurvedah" authored by Prof. P.V. Sharma, is a scholarly collection of the use of flowers in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. Despite being a specialized subject, traditional Indian medicine heavily relies on the therapeutic qualities, historical importance, and medicinal qualities of diverse flowers. The author painstakingly catalogs a vast variety of flowers using the botanical features and medicinal properties found in traditional Ayurvedic texts. The book offers academicians and clinicians, a thorough knowledge of traditional uses of flowers. "Puspayurvedah" is not only a useful academic resource but also a useful guide for anyone who wants to use floral remedies in Ayurvedic therapy because of its practical formulations and applications. The book is notable for its comprehensiveness and depth of knowledge