Определение открытой пористости методом насыщения керна месторождения Зимняя Ставка Ставропольского края

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of human intestinal fluid (HIF) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux. METHODS: HIF was obtained from eight healthy volunteers by duodenal aspiration. HIF was applied at different concentrations (0-75%) to the apical compartment of the Caco-2 system. Cyclosporin A (CsA) was used as a model compound for P-gp mediated efflux. RESULTS: When the bidirectional transport of CsA across Caco-2 monolayers was assessed, a significant polarity in transport could be observed, the absorptive transport being much lower than the secretory transport. Inclusion of HIF resulted in a moderate increase of the absorptive transport, as well as a significant concentration dependent decrease of the secretory transport, without compromising the integrity of the monolayer. Interestingly, a possible gender difference could be detected as inclusion of HIF obtained from female subjects resulted in a decreased absorptive transport of CsA, whereas inclusion of HIF obtained from male subjects resulted in an increased absorptive transport. The P-gp modulating effect of HIF is not caused by a lack of glucose as an energy source for the efflux mechanism when high concentrations of HIF were present in the buffer used. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the contribution of P-gp efflux carriers may be overestimated when using salt buffer solutions as transport media. Additionally, it can be concluded that (presently unidentified) components of HIF may attenuate the P-gp mediated intestinal efflux. The clinical significance of this modulating effect remains to be investigated.status: publishe

Organic and perovskite solar cells for space applications

For almost sixty years, solar energy for space applications has relied on inorganic photovoltaics, evolving from solar cells made of single crystalline silicon to triple junctions based on germanium and III-V alloys. The class of organic-based photovoltaics, which ranges from all-organic to hybrid perovskites, has the potential of becoming a disruptive technology in space applications, thanks to the unique combination of appealing intrinsic properties (e.g. record high specific power, tunable absorption window) and processing possibilities. Here, we report on the launch of the stratospheric mission OSCAR, which demonstrated for the first time organic-based solar cell operation in extra-terrestrial conditions. This successful maiden flight for organic-based photovoltaics opens a new paradigm for solar electricity in space, from satellites to orbital and planetary space stations

Velocity and size measurement of droplets from an ultrasonic spray coater using Photon Correlation Spectroscopy and Turbidimetry

We have developed a combination of light scattering techniques to study and characterize droplets of a ultrasonic spray printer or coater in flight. For this economically relevant printer there is so far no reliable technique to systematically adjust the experimental parameters. We have combined photon correlation spectroscopy and turbidimetry to determine size and speed of the droplets depending on parameters of the printing process as viscosity, concentration and speed of the driving shroud gas. Our method allows to predetermine these parameters to control the properties of the printed films as e.g. thickness from tens of nanometers to micrometers

'Alles strijdt, wat naar vrijheid haakt.' Theorievorming over de staking in de Belgische politiek, 1884-1914

Struggling for freedom. Social theory on strike actions in Belgian politics, 1884-1914 In nineteenth century workers' songs, the strike was presented as a heroic struggle for freedom. At first sight, the arguments in political debates more or less followed this same line of thought, in that several 'socially progressive' politicians defended strike actions using the argument of 'right of association'; a right that the working class also claimed in their struggle for emancipation. Yet the dominant political attitude towards the social question during those years was inspired by social control rather than emancipation. Therefore, when petitioners had to arouse parliamentary sympathy for strikes, they smartly abandoned the discourse linked to the struggle for freedom, and instead chose to present strikes not as heroic, voluntary actions, but rather as something inevitable; a 'force majeure'. This presentation was a radical departure from the traditional liberal values of individual responsibility, and was, instead, inspired by a very modern sociological discourse. This even went so far as to question the ultimate roots of the legal system itself, viz. the basic principles of civil law

Investigating the Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells by Ultrasonic Spray Coating: A Design of Experiments Approach

This study was supported by the Special Research Fund (BOF) of Hasselt University, BOF number: BOF19OWB17. This project has also received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 850937. S.H. and P.V. acknowledge financial support by the Flanders Research Foundation (FWO), strategic basic research doctoral grants 1S31922N and 1S99121N, respectively

Inkjet-Printed Lenses with Adjustable Contact Angle to Improve the Light Out-Coupling of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

The enhancement of the out-coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is still the subject of research and development. Bottom-emission OLEDs emit light through the glass substrate into air. Due to the difference of the refractive indices between glass and air, a significant amount of light is reflected at the glass-air interface back into the glass because of total internal reflection. One possibility to avoid total internal reflection at the glass-air interface is the use of lenses. Herein, the concept of macrolenses for pixelated OLEDs is presented. For the design of the lenses, the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the OLED have to be considered, and the contact angle of the lens has to be adapted to the geometrical conditions. A process based on inkjet etching and inkjet printing has been developed which now allows the printing of lenses with defined radius and contact angle. Measurements of the luminance show an improved out-coupling efficiency.DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) through the project MPFL-Meeting Point Functional LayersDeutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst (DAAD); Projekt DEA

Stretchable printed device for the simultaneous sensing of temperature and strain validated in a mouse wound healing model

Temperature and strain are two vital parameters that play a significant role in wound diagnosis and healing. As periodic temperature measurements with a custom thermometer or strain measurements with conventional metallic gauges became less feasible for the modern competent health monitoring, individual temperature and strain measurement modalities incorporated into wearables and patches were developed. The proposed research in the article shows the development of a single sensor solution which can simultaneously measure both the above mentioned parameters. This work integrates a thermoelectric principle based temperature measurement approach into wearables, ensuring flexibility and bendability properties without affecting its thermo-generated voltage. The modified thermoelectric material helped to achieve stretchability of the sensor, thanks to its superior mechano-transduction properties. Moreover, the stretch-induced resistance changes become an additional marker for strain measurements so that both the parameters can be measured with the same sensor. Due to the independent measurement parameters (open circuit voltage and sensor resistance), the sensing model is greatly attractive for measurements without cross-sensitivity. The highly resilient temperature and strain sensor show excellent linearity, repeatability and good sensitivity. Besides, due to the compatibility of the fabrication scheme to low-temperature processing of the flexible materials and to mass volume production, printed fabrication methodologies were adopted to realize the sensor. This promises low-cost production and a disposable nature (single use) of the sensor patch. For the first time, this innovative temperature-strain dual parameter sensor concept has been tested on mice wounds in vivo. The preliminary experiments on mice wounds offer prospects for developing smart, i.e. sensorized, wound dressings for clinical applications

Charge-discharge characteristics of textile energy storage devices having different PEDOT:PSS ratios and conductive Yarns configuration

Conductive polymer PEDOT:PSS, sandwiched between two conductive yarns, has been proven to have capacitive behavior in our textile energy storage devices. Full understanding of its underlying mechanism is still intriguing. The effect of the PEDOT to PSS ratio and the configuration of the electrode yarns are the focus of this study. Three commercial PEDOT:PSS yarns, Clevios P-VP-AI-4083, Ossila AI 4083, and Orgacon ICP 1050, as well as stainless steel and silver-coated polybenzoxazole (Ag/PBO) yarns, in various combinations, were used as solid electrolytes and electrodes, respectively. Analyses with NMR, ICP-OES, TGA, and resistivity measurement were employed to characterize the PEDOT:PSS. The device charge-discharge performance was measured by the Arduino microcontroller. Clevios and Ossila were found to have identical characteristics with a similar ratio, that is, 1:5.26, hence a higher resistivity of 1000 Ω.cm, while Orgacon had a lower PEDOT to PSS ratio, that is, 1:4.65, with a lower resistivity of 0.25⁻1 Ω.cm. The thermal stability of PEDOT:PSS up to 250 °C was proven. Devices with PEDOT:PSS having lower conductivity, such as Clevios P-VP-AI-4083 or Ossila AI 4083, showed capacitive behavior. For a better charge-discharge profile, it is also suggested that the PEDOT to electrode resistance should be low. These results led to a conclusion that a larger ratio of PEDOT to PSS, having higher resistivity, is more desirable, but further research is needed