International Law in Transition: New Norms for Old

5th International Conference on Economics -- SEP 10-13, 2001 -- ANKARA, TURKEYWOS: 000182706800005This paper measures technical efficiency and technical and total factor productivity changes by estimating a translog stochastic frontier production function for the Turkish manufacturing industry in selected provinces. This method incorporates technical change and has time-varying technical efficiency effects. The stochastic frontier function was estimated by using panel data based on eighteen selected provinces of Turkey for the 1990-98 period The performance of the public and private sector manufacturing industries in these provinces was also measured separately. The probable reasons of different performances of provinces in terms of efficiency are discussed. In this context, the effects of average firm size, the share of regional production, and the time period were considered.Middle E Tech Univ, Econ Res Ct

An investigation into the nonlinear effects in the roll motion of 2-D bodies by SPH method

Nonlinear effects in the roll motion of a 2–D body in the free surface are investigated by utilizing the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method. The continuity and Navier–Stokes equations are solved by employing the Weakly Compressible SPH (WCSPH) approach and our in-house code, which relies on the accumulated development process through the authors’ previous works including the fluid–solid coupling modeling by viscous penalty technique, (Tofighi et al. (2015)), and a hybrid Velocity-Variance Free Surface (VFS) and Artificial Particle Displacement (APD) algorithm (Ozbulut et al., 2014, 2018, 2020; Kolukisa et al., 2020). In this work, the GPU parallelization of the code is performed, to mitigate the computational burdens of the relatively high number of particles due to the long wavelengths generated by the roll motion of the cylinder. Presently, an alternative and exact approach in reducing the equation of roll motion with quadratic damping term is introduced. In parallel to this approach, a quadratic regression equation approximating the hydrodynamic roll moment is also employed. Aside from hydrodynamic coefficients, with linear and quadratic damping coefficients, vortex flow characteristics are also presented, qualitatively and quantitatively. It is understood from the results that, with the present capability, the WCSPH approach introduced is able to disclose nonlinearities inherently exist in the roll motion of oscillatory bodies in the free surface

The effects of the age of male early life circumcision on sexual functions later in life

INTRODUCTION: According to psychoanalytic theory performing circumcision on a boy in phallic phase may aggravate this fear and cause sexual dysfunctions later in life. However this hypothesis is an unverified common-view rather than a scientifically proven conclusion. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that being circumcised during phallic phase is not a risk factor for sexual dysfunction. We also took a peak at how the experience of circumcision is being perceived and its psychological effects. Our secondary hypothesis was, sexual dysfunctions are more frequent among men who had a traumatic circumcision experience. METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, a total of 2768 sexually active, circumcised and voluntary men were recruited from 20 different urology outpatient clinics around Turkey. RESULTS: There was no significant difference for PEDT and IIEF scores between participants who were circumcised at different ages (Graph-1,2). When participants were divided into 3 groups according to their circumcision age in accordance with psychoanalytic theory (before, after and during phallic phase) mean IIEF and PEDT scores did not differ. PEDT scores did not differ either by which emotion the participant describe their experience of circumcision or how vividly he remembered it. However participants who remembered their circumcision experience more vividly and had who describe their circumcision experience with fear/anxiety had a higher IIEF score (Graph-3). [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] [Figure: see text] CONCLUSIONS: The age of circumcision does not affect the risk of PE. This is one of the very few studies that challenges psychoanalytic theory with a scientific method. Remembering the circumcision experience with fear or anxiety did not increase the risk of sexual dysfunctions