Multiomic studies to improve fruit quality of berry fruits

In this study we are going to use different omic-techniques to analyze fruits of three species of berries such as strawberry, raspberry and black currant. Berry fruit are well appreciated for their delicate flavor and nutraceutical properties, with consumer demand increasing over the last years. Furthermore, climate change and market globalization have made necessary to improve the production while maintaining fruit quality traits. Goodberry project is developping analytical platforms, covering from transcriptomic to metabolites and volatile compounds analysis, to find new factors controlling plant adaptation, fruit production and quality. In this study we implement the metabolomic analysis of strawberry, raspberry and black currant fruits from the 2017 harvest, as well as 2018 harvest during this year. To analyze and compare the data we use multiomic tools and bioinformatics to extract properly conclusion The analyses take different berry cultivars, adapted to diverse environments, were grown in 2017 and 2018 in different latitudes (Germany, France, Norway, Italy, Poland and Scotland). The data comes from a combination of gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and headspace solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) coupled with GC-MS was used to semi-quantify fruit primary metabolome and volatilome. Around 50 key primary metabolites, including sugars and acids, which are fundamental factors influencing fruit taste and 75 volatiles, responsible of the aroma, were identified across the different genotypes and climates. Multivariate statistical approaches allow us to point out the genetic and environmental factors underlying complex metabolic traits involved in fruit quality. Preliminary analysis showed that both climate and genetic factors influence primary metabolite and volatile content, even if the environment seems to have a stronger impact on the first one.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Application of multiomic technologies to study the environmental impact on berry fruit quality

Berries, such as strawberry, raspberry and black currant, are well appreciated for their delicate flavor and nutraceutical properties, with consumer demand increasing over the last years. However, climate change and market globalization have made necessary to improve the production while maintaining fruit quality traits. Among the EU GoodBerry project’s objetive are develop state-of-the-art analytical platforms, covering from transcriptomic to metabolites and volatile compounds analysis, to find new factors controlling plant adaptation, fruit production and quality and use the data to face climate changes. Here we present the metabolomic analysis of strawberry, raspberry and black currant fruits from the 2017 harvest. Different berry cultivars, adapted to diverse environments, were grown in 2017 and 2018 in different latitudes (Germany, France, Norway, Italy and Poland) combination of spectrometry techniques was used to semi-quantify fruit primary metabolome and volatilome. Around 50 key primary metabolites, including sugars and acids, which are fundamental factors influencing fruit taste and 75 volatiles, responsible of the aroma, were identified across the different genotypes and climates. Multivariate statistical approaches allow us to point out the genetic and environmental factors underlying complex metabolic traits involved in fruit quality.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Unravelling genotypic and environmental influences on strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) fruit quality and composition across different European latitudes: Implications for climate change adaptation.

Cultivated strawberry holds a significant status as a berry crop in Europe, both economically and nutritionally. Its quality, determined by the optimal combination of organoleptic and bioactive compounds accumulated in the fresh fruit during ripening, serves as the primary appeal to consumers and renders it a valuable raw material for the industry. These attributes have resulted in global production exceeding 12.9 million tonnes (Mt) in 2020 (FAO, 2021). However, recent studies in consumer behaviour have highlighted an emerging dissatisfaction with the lack of flavour in strawberries. Although there have been advancements in understanding fruit quality, phenotyping this trait remains a challenging task due to the relatively little known about the influence of genotype-by-environment interactions (GxE). Here, we report the characterisation of GxE on the composition of four strawberry cultivars ('Clery' (IT), 'Frida' (NO), 'Gariguette' (FR), and 'Sonata' (NL)), renowned for their genetic diversity and adaptability to different geographical environments, across five European locations (Norway, Poland, Germany, Italy, and France). The integration of metabolomic, transcriptomic, and bioinformatic analyses revealed greater impact of location on quality-related metabolites in northern regions, whereas the influence of cultivar was greater in the south. We could also determine a cultivar-specific regulation of certain biosynthetic pathways involved in quality, such as terpenes, enabling us to dissect the plasticity of the genotypes and their potential as breeding material. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding the impact of GxE on quality profiles, particularly considering climate change challenges. Therefore, further multi-environment trials are needed to facilitate the recovery and enhancement of flavour and nutritional traits in future breeding programs involving strawberry fruit.This work was supported through funding by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement Number 679303. In addition, we acknowledge partial funding by the European Union’s H2020 Programme (BreedingValue; grant number 101000747), P21_00315 (Junta de Andalucia), and Ramón y Cajal programme (RYC2021-034936-1, Ministerio de Ciencias e Innovación). P.P. acknowledges the support by Qualifica Program (QUAL21 012 IHSM). Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis M114T PFN1 Mutation Deregulates Alternative Autophagy Pathways and Mitochondrial Homeostasis

International audienceMutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) have been identified in rare familial cases of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). PFN1 is involved in multiple pathways that could intervene in ALS pathology. However, the specific pathogenic role of PFN1 mutations in ALS is still not fully understood. We hypothesized that PFN1 could play a role in regulating autophagy pathways and that PFN1 mutations could disrupt this function. We used patient cells (lymphoblasts) or tissue (post-mortem) carrying PFN1 mutations (M114T and E117G), and designed experimental models expressing wild-type or mutant PFN1 (cell lines and novel PFN1 mice established by lentiviral transgenesis) to study the effects of PFN1 mutations on autophagic pathway markers. We observed no accumulation of PFN1 in the spinal cord of one E117G mutation carrier. Moreover, in patient lymphoblasts and transfected cell lines, the M114T mutant PFN1 protein was unstable and deregulated the RAB9-mediated alternative autophagy pathway involved in the clearance of damaged mitochondria. In vivo, motor neurons expressing M114T mutant PFN1 showed mitochondrial abnormalities. Our results demonstrate that the M114T PFN1 mutation is more deleterious than the E117G variant in patient cells and experimental models and suggest a role for the RAB9-dependent autophagic pathway in ALS

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

De la perception de l’hypotexte à sa traduction, une histoire de lectures…

La citation, selon A. Compagnon, est un corps étranger dans le texte, elle le creuse et fait appel, pour son déchiffrement, à la compétence du lecteur. Or, le traducteur est d’abord un lecteur qui perçoit (ou non) la présence d’un hypotexte, le reconnaît, s’entremet en l’interprétant et adopte telle ou telle stratégie lors de l’activité traduisante. Dans un premier temps, nous nous interrogerons sur les limites de l’hypotexte (phénomène d’écriture et/ou effet de lecture), sur les diverses formes qu’il revêt et ses enjeux en envisageant les catégories telles que les a définies G. Genette, plus précisément allusion, référence, pastiche et travestissement burlesque. Dans un deuxième temps, nous examinerons les choix adoptés par les traducteurs dans les cas où l’hypotexte est clairement inscrit dans le texte et dans les cas plus ambigus où la perception de l’hypotexte semble liée aux seules références personnelles du traducteur ; la question étant celle de la réception par le lecteur cible. Si, par suite d’une forme de myopie littéraire ou d’un choix délibéré, le traducteur ignore l’hypotexte, peut-on considérer qu’il y a mutilation du texte source et pénalisation du lecteur ? Si, au contraire, il y a expansion ou orientation du texte source due à une surdétermination intertextuelle, peut-on y voir manipulation du lecteur ? Quelles que soient les stratégies du traducteur, reste à la charge du lecteur – naïf ou savant – de procéder à cette lecture dont P. Lejeune dit qu’elle est « palimpsestueuse ».The quotation, according to A. Compagnon, is a foreign body in a text and the reader’s skills are necessarily mobilised in the process of deciphering it. The translator, however, is first of all a reader who is—or is not—aware of the presence of a hypotext, who identifies and interprets it, then adopts a particular strategy during the translating process. In a first part, we shall debate the limits of the hypotext (a writing phenomenon or an effect on the reader), its various aspects and implications, using the categories defined by G. Genette, more particularly allusions, references, pastiches and burlesque parodies. In a second part, we shall examine the translator’s choices when the hypotext is clearly expressed in the text and, in the more ambiguous cases when the perception of the hypotext seems to be linked to the translator’s personal references, the question being the reception by the target reader. If, out of literary ignorance or deliberate choice, the translator fails to take into account the presence of the hypotext, can we consider that the source text is mutilated and the reader penalised? If, on the contrary, the source text is expanded and re-oriented owing to an intertextual overdetermination, isn’t the reader manipulated? Whatever the translator’s strategies, it is up to the naïve or knowledgeable reader to go ahead with what P. Lejeune calls a “palimpsestuous” reading

Deux représentations de la ville : Manhattan : verticalité/horizontalité ?

Chartier Delphine. Deux représentations de la ville : Manhattan : verticalité/horizontalité ?. In: Caliban, n°32, 1995. CINEMA – CINEMA. Discours Critique Filmique. pp. 19-28

Anna’s Aborted Struggle to Come to Voice in Jean Rhys’s <i>Voyage in the Dark</i>

International audienc