The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) family

The ADAMTS (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin motifs) enzymes are secreted, multi-domain matrix-associated zinc metalloendopeptidases that have diverse roles in tissue morphogenesis and patho-physiological remodeling, in inflammation and in vascular biology. The human family includes 19 members that can be sub-grouped on the basis of their known substrates, namely the aggrecanases or proteoglycanases (ADAMTS1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 15 and 20), the procollagen N-propeptidases (ADAMTS2, 3 and 14), the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein-cleaving enzymes (ADAMTS7 and 12), the von-Willebrand Factor proteinase (ADAMTS13) and a group of orphan enzymes (ADAMTS6, 10, 16, 17, 18 and 19). Control of the structure and function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a central theme of the biology of the ADAMTS, as exemplified by the actions of the procollagen-N-propeptidases in collagen fibril assembly and of the aggrecanases in the cleavage or modification of ECM proteoglycans. Defects in certain family members give rise to inherited genetic disorders, while the aberrant expression or function of others is associated with arthritis, cancer and cardiovascular disease. In particular, ADAMTS4 and 5 have emerged as therapeutic targets in arthritis. Multiple ADAMTSs from different sub-groupings exert either positive or negative effects on tumorigenesis and metastasis, with both metalloproteinase-dependent and -independent actions known to occur. The basic ADAMTS structure comprises a metalloproteinase catalytic domain and a carboxy-terminal ancillary domain, the latter determining substrate specificity and the localization of the protease and its interaction partners; ancillary domains probably also have independent biological functions. Focusing primarily on the aggrecanases and proteoglycanases, this review provides a perspective on the evolution of the ADAMTS family, their links with developmental and disease mechanisms, and key questions for the future

Infectious Disease Modeling of Social Contagion in Networks

Many behavioral phenomena have been found to spread interpersonally through social networks, in a manner similar to infectious diseases. An important difference between social contagion and traditional infectious diseases, however, is that behavioral phenomena can be acquired by non-social mechanisms as well as through social transmission. We introduce a novel theoretical framework for studying these phenomena (the SISa model) by adapting a classic disease model to include the possibility for ‘automatic’ (or ‘spontaneous’) non-social infection. We provide an example of the use of this framework by examining the spread of obesity in the Framingham Heart Study Network. The interaction assumptions of the model are validated using longitudinal network transmission data. We find that the current rate of becoming obese is 2 per year and increases by 0.5 percentage points for each obese social contact. The rate of recovering from obesity is 4 per year, and does not depend on the number of non-obese contacts. The model predicts a long-term obesity prevalence of approximately 42, and can be used to evaluate the effect of different interventions on steady-state obesity. Model predictions quantitatively reproduce the actual historical time course for the prevalence of obesity. We find that since the 1970s, the rate of recovery from obesity has remained relatively constant, while the rates of both spontaneous infection and transmission have steadily increased over time. This suggests that the obesity epidemic may be driven by increasing rates of becoming obese, both spontaneously and transmissively, rather than by decreasing rates of losing weight. A key feature of the SISa model is its ability to characterize the relative importance of social transmission by quantitatively comparing rates of spontaneous versus contagious infection. It provides a theoretical framework for studying the interpersonal spread of any state that may also arise spontaneously, such as emotions, behaviors, health states, ideas or diseases with reservoirs.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (grant R01GM078986)National Science Foundation (U.S.)Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationTempleton FoundationNational Institute on Aging (grant P01 AG031093)Framingham Heart Study (contract number N01-HC-25195

Is occupation a good predictor of self-rated health in China?

China's rapidly changing economic landscape has led to widening social inequalities. Occupational status in terms of occupational type and prestige may reflect these socio-structural shifts of social position and be more predictive of self-rated health status than income and education, which may only reflect more gradual acquisitions of social status over time. The goals of this study were to understand the role of occupational status in predicting self-rated health, which is well known to be associated with long-term mortality, as well as compare the occupational status to the other major socioeconomic indicators of income and education.Data from the 2010 baseline surveys of the China Family Panel Studies, which utilized multi-stage probability sampling with implicit stratification was used. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship of various socioeconomic indicators (i.e. occupational status, income, and education) with self-rated health as the primary outcome of interest. A series of models considered the associations of occupational category or occupational prestige with self-rated health.The final sample consisted of 14,367 employed adults aged 18-60, which was nationally representative of working adults in China. We found that occupation was not a major predictor of self-rated health in China when age, ethnicity, location, marital status, physical and mental health status were controlled for, with the exception of women working in lower grade management and professional jobs (OR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.03-3.22). In comparison, income followed by education exhibited greater association with self-rated health. The highest income group had the least probability to report poor health (In men: OR = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.21-0.43. In women: OR = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.26-0.73). People educated with junior high school had better self-rated health than those with primary and below education level (In men: OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.50-0.75. In women: OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42-0.68). Income, education and occupation were correlated with each other.Within the context of rapid societal changes in China, income and its implications for greater healthcare access and benefits had the greatest association with self-rated health followed by education. Occupational status was not associated. Occupational categories and prestige should be better adapted to reflect China's unique sociopolitical and historical context

Accuracy versus precision in boosted top tagging with the ATLAS detector

Abstract The identification of top quark decays where the top quark has a large momentum transverse to the beam axis, known as top tagging, is a crucial component in many measurements of Standard Model processes and searches for beyond the Standard Model physics at the Large Hadron Collider. Machine learning techniques have improved the performance of top tagging algorithms, but the size of the systematic uncertainties for all proposed algorithms has not been systematically studied. This paper presents the performance of several machine learning based top tagging algorithms on a dataset constructed from simulated proton-proton collision events measured with the ATLAS detector at √ s = 13 TeV. The systematic uncertainties associated with these algorithms are estimated through an approximate procedure that is not meant to be used in a physics analysis, but is appropriate for the level of precision required for this study. The most performant algorithms are found to have the largest uncertainties, motivating the development of methods to reduce these uncertainties without compromising performance. To enable such efforts in the wider scientific community, the datasets used in this paper are made publicly available.</jats:p

C113: Exérèse large sous anesthésie locale des tumeurs suspectes du sein : une technique pour sécuriser les marges

INTRODUCTION : La discordance clinique dans le diagnostic des masses mammaires impose une approche chirurgicale à minima respectant des principes carcinologiques. Nous rapportons une technique d’exérèse large des nodules mammaires sous anesthésie locale. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Nous utilisons 15 cc de xylocaine à 1% diluée dans une cupule avec 20 cc de sérum physiologique. L’infiltration se fait sur les points cardinaux puis sous la lésion. Puis, nous infiltrons sous la ligne d’incision cinq cc de xylocaine non diluée. L’incision est faite en quartier d’orange et l’exérèse est faite grâce à une traction au zénith de la lésion suivie d’une dissection circulaire. RESULTATS : Dix patientes ont été opérées. Les lésions étaient toutes à distance de l’aréole. La taille maximale était de quatre cm. Il n’y avait pas d’incident ni d’accident. Les suites opératoires étaient simples et toutes les marges était saines à l’histopathologie. CONCLUSION : L’exérèse sous anesthésie locale de tumeurs du sein dans le cadre de l’exploration d’un trépied discordant utilisant la traction au zénith est une technique simple et sure pour garantir la sécurité des marges.</jats:p

C51: Cancers épithéliaux de l'ovaire : Etude rétrospective à propos de 36 cas colligés à l'Institut Joliot Curie de l'HALD

INTRODUCTION : Les cancers épithéliaux de l’ovaire sont des processus prolifératifs malins développés aux dépens du revêtement de surface des ovaires. Ils représentent environ 85% des cancers de l’ovaire et sont dominés par les cystadénocarcinomes séreux. La moitié des cancers de l’ovaire surviennent après 65 ans. La présence d’un antécédent de premier ou de second degré de cancer de l’ovaire multiplie le risque de survenue de cancer de l’ovaire par trois à cinq. Le diagnostic de certitude est anatomopathologique. Le traitement actuel est basé sur une résection chirurgicale la plus complète possible suivie d’une chimiothérapie adjuvante. Le but de notre étude est de décrire les aspects épidémiologiques et diagnostiques et d’évaluer leur prise en charge par rapport aux données actuelles de la littérature. MATERIELS ET METHODES : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective descriptive avec 85 patientes dont 36 étaient porteuses d’une tumeur épithéliale maligne de l’ovaire confirmée. L’étude couvre la période allant du 1er Janvier 2010 au 31 Décembre 2011 soit une période de deux ans. Il s’agit de patientes présentant une tumeur épithéliale maligne de l’ovaire évoquée devant des signes cliniques et paracliniques. L’examen anatomopathologique a permis dans 36 cas de confirmer le diagnostic de tumeur épithéliale maligne. Les variables étudiées étaient d’ordre épidémiologiques (âge, statut hormonal, contraception, parité, tare), diagnostiques (délai, signes d’appel, imagerie et anatomie pathologique), thérapeutiques et pronostiques. L’analyse des données a été réalisée à l’aide du logiciel SPSS© 21.0. RESULTATS : Trente-et-six dossiers de patientes ont été colligés. L’âge moyen était de 52,97 ans et des extrêmes de 37 et 70 ans. La majorité des femmes étaient des paucipares soit 47,2% des cas. La ménopause était rapportée chez 69,4% des patientes. Les motifs de consultation étaient représentés par une ascite dans 75% des cas, une masse abdominale dans 41,7% des cas, des douleurs abdominales dans 27,8% des cas. Le diagnostic reposait sur la cytologie du liquide d’ascite qui était suspecte de malignité dans 13,9% des cas. Les images échographiques étaient suspectes dans 100% des cas et les images scannographiques l’étaient dans 96,1% des cas. Le dosage du CA-125 a été réalisé dans 100% des cas et son taux au moment du diagnostic était supérieur à 35 UI/ml dans 100% des cas. Les patientes étaient classées stade I dans deux cas, stade II dans deux cas (soit 5,6%), stade III dans 13 cas (soit 36,1%) et stade IV dans sept patientes (soit 19,4%). Le type histologique le plus fréquent était le cystadénocarcinome séreux qui représentait 47,2% des cas. Le traitement de choix était la chirurgie dite de réduction tumorale. Elle était initiale dans 88,9% des cas et d’intervalle dans 11,1% des cas. Le traitement adjuvant était basé sur la chimiothérapie qui était utilisée dans 66,7% des cas. Il s’agissait d’une chimiothérapie néoadjuvante dans 5,6% des cas, d’une chimiothérapie adjuvante dans 55,6% des cas Le suivi moyen des patientes était de 239,69 jours avec des extrêmes de zéro et 649 jours. Au terme de l’étude, 24 patientes étaient vivantes (soit 28,2%), 56 étaient perdues de vue (soit 65,9%) et cinq étaient décédées (soit 5,9 %). La survie globale n’a pas pu être évaluée au terme de cette étude. CONCLUSION : Le cancer de l’ovaire survient le plus souvent chez les paucipare et ménopausées. La circonstance de découverte la plus souvent une augmentation du volume de l’abdomen. Le cysadénocarcinome séreux est le type histologique le plus fréquent. La chirurgie joue un rôle dans le traitement et la stadification. Le pronostic des cancers épithéliaux reste péjoratif, d’où l’intérêt de faire un diagnostic précoce suivi d’une prise en charge adéquate.</jats:p

Giant jejunal gasto-intestinal stromal tumor: A rare cause of abdominal mass in an elderly female

OBJECTIVE: We report the case of a patient presenting an abdominal mass whose final diagnosis is a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). CLINICAL OBSERVATION: It was a 61-year-old patient with no pathological history received for a progressive increase in the volume of the abdomen evolving for one year and painless. On examination, the patient was in good general condition, with normal patterns. There was an abdomino-pelvic mass of about 20 cm long axis, mobile. The rest of the exam was unremarkable. The biological assessment was normal. Abdominopelvic computed tomography revealed a tissue mass with necrosis. During the surgical exploration, a mass developed on the mesenteric border 45 cm from the Treitz angle was noted. It is not associated with ascites or peritoneal carcinoma. Bowel resection removing the mass was performed followed by end-to-end anastomosis. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen diagnosed GIST. The postoperative course at three months was excellent both clinically and radiologically. CONCLUSION: The case that we report underlines the possible jejunal localization of GIST and the clinical presentation may be usual. It also shows the difficulty of obtaining a preoperative diagnosis and the central role of surgery in management.</jats:p