Why Does Flow Director Cause Packet Reordering?

Intel Ethernet Flow Director is an advanced network interface card (NIC) technology. It provides the benefits of parallel receive processing in multiprocessing environments and can automatically steer incoming network data to the same core on which its application process resides. However, our analysis and experiments show that Flow Director cannot guarantee in-order packet delivery in multiprocessing environments. Packet reordering causes various negative impacts. E.g., TCP performs poorly with severe packet reordering. In this paper, we use a simplified model to analyze why Flow Director can cause packet reordering. Our experiments verify our analysis

Common ADRB2 Haplotypes Derived from 26 Polymorphic Sites Direct β2-Adrenergic Receptor Expression and Regulation Phenotypes

Background: The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) is expressed on numerous cell-types including airway smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Drugs (agonists or antagonists) acting at these receptors for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and heart failure show substantial interindividual variability in response. The ADRB2 gene is polymorphic in noncoding and coding regions, but virtually all ADRB2 association studies have utilized the two common nonsynonymous coding SNPs, often reaching discrepant conclusions. Methodology/Principal Findings: We constructed the 8 common ADRB2 haplotypes derived from 26 polymorphisms in the promoter, 5′UTR, coding, and 3′UTR of the intronless ADRB2 gene. These were cloned into an expression construct lacking a vector-based promoter, so that β2AR expression was driven by its promoter, and steady state expression could be modified by polymorphisms throughout ADRB2 within a haplotype. “Whole-gene” transfections were performed with COS-7 cells and revealed 4 haplotypes with increased cell surface β2AR protein expression compared to the others. Agonist-promoted downregulation of β2AR protein expression was also haplotype-dependent, and was found to be increased for 2 haplotypes. A phylogenetic tree of the haplotypes was derived and annotated by cellular phenotypes, revealing a pattern potentially driven by expression. Conclusions/Significance: Thus for obstructive lung disease, the initial bronchodilator response from intermittent administration of β-agonist may be influenced by certain β2AR haplotypes (expression phenotypes), while other haplotypes may influence tachyphylaxis during the response to chronic therapy (downregulation phenotypes). An ideal clinical outcome of high expression and less downregulation was found for two haplotypes. Haplotypes may also affect heart failure antagonist therapy, where β2AR increase inotropy and are anti-apoptotic. The haplotype-specific expression and regulation phenotypes found in this transfection-based system suggest that the density of genetic information in the form of these haplotypes, or haplotype-clusters with similar phenotypes can potentially provide greater discrimination of phenotype in human disease and pharmacogenomic association studies

Book Review. Palo Alto: A History of California, Capitalism, and the World. Malcolm Harris. New York, Little, Brown and Company, 2023. 720 pp. Saving Time: Discovering a Life Beyond the Clock. Jenny Odell. New York, Random House, 2023. 400 pp

Children of Silicon Valley Turn Toward Marx Review of Palo Alto: A History of California, Capitalism, and the World. Malcolm Harris. New York, Little, Brown and Company, 2023 and Saving Time: Discovering a Life Beyond the Clock. Jenny Odell. New York, Random House, 2023

College Males\u27 Experiences With Group Exercise

Although a comparable number of men use gyms as frequently as women, data indicates that they are less likely to participate in group exercise classes. Although researchers have examined the relationship between gender and group exercise class participation, few studies have explored the linkage in the context of college campuses, specifically how some male participants are still wanting and able to use these services. The purpose of this research project was to examine why and how college men use group exercises classes. Guided by the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the study’s research objectives examined: (1) the exercise trends among college male group exercise participants and college male non-participants; (2) the perceived constraints to group exercise classes among college male participants and non-participants; and (3) the perceived motivations to use group exercise classes among male participants. To address the research objectives, the project relied on a cross-sectional design. Qualitative data were collected by interviewing 20 male students enrolled in a large southeastern university. Of this sample, half were college men who participate in group exercise, while the other half were college men who do not participate in group exercise. Data analysis entailed identifying recurring themes in the data. Friends, social stigma, lack of time, and lack of interest were recurring themes related to perceived constraints. In contrast, consistency and goals were major themes that were found for perceived motivation. The findings within this research study can help create more inclusive spaces and programs within facilities. This can be done by planning programs with males in mind using strategic marketing and more intentional group exercise formats

Molecular studies on nutrient regulation of reproduction and immune responses in a tick

科学研究費助成事業 研究成果報告書：基盤研究(C)2016-2018課題番号 : 16K08094research repor

Evidence for the Role of Ecdysteroids in the Genital Sex Pheromone of Two species of Hard Ticks, \u3ci\u3eDermacentor variabilis\u3c/i\u3e (Say) and \u3ci\u3eDermacentor andersoni\u3c/i\u3e Stiles

Neutering of part-fed females virtually eliminated copulatory behavior in Dermacentor variabilis and D. andersoni males. Extracts from the anterior reproductive tracts (ART) of part-fed (7 days) females restored the male copulatory behavior in conspecific neutered females, suggesting the presence of a genital sex pheromone (GSP). Similar extracts from unfed females did not restore the behavior, suggesting that the pheromone was produced during feeding. Perception of the GSP by sensillae on the male cheliceral digits was confirmed by electrophysiological techniques. Ecdysteroids, specifically ecdysone and 20-OH-ecdysone were shown to be present in the anterior reproductive tracts in excess of amounts that could be explained by mere hemolymph contamination. Ecdysteroids were also found in washings of the vaginal lumen of these two species. D. andersoni females contained larger amounts of ecdysteroids than D. variabilis females. Males of D. variabilis and D. andersoni responded positively to authentic ecdysone, and 20-OH-ecdysone in neutered female bioassays and electrophysiological assays. The strongest responses were to 20-OH-ecdysone in both species. No response was found with sterols. 20-OH-ecdysone and possibly ecdysone appear to be components of the genital sex pheromone (GSP) of D. variabilis and D. andersoni. Species recognition is facilitated by these components, but the complete mechanism is not yet fully understood. The importance of ecdysteroids in the evolutionary development of chemical communication systems in Arthropoda is also discussed