Kajian Populasi Kepiting Kenari Di Pulau Batudaka Kepulauan Togean, Sulawesi Tengah Dan Rekomendasi Manajemen Populasi

This study aimed to quantify the population of Birgus latro in the Batudaka di Togean islands, Central Sulawesi. The research on robber crab was conducted in Batudaka Island, Togean, Tomini Bay, Central Sulawesi. In the study site, 21 plots measuring of 50x50 m2 were created bounded by raffia. Feed in the form of shredded coconut is placed in each plot in the afternoon. At night was performed observations and catchs. In the "base camp" every crab crab carapace caught measured in carapace length and weight. During the study, 277 crabs were caught, consisted of 173 males (62.45%) and 104 (37.55%) females. Based on the formula calculation of Schiller (1992) population figures obtained 821 803 ± 195 030 crabs in Batudaka Island. By regression analysis between carapace length with weight, it was found that the growth of B. latro is negative allometric, i.e., weight gain is faster than the increase length of carapace. The weight gain of female is slightly higher than that of the male. Whether male crab population or female equally composed of 9 age groups. This study showed that 66.7% of male crab and 29.1% of female crab has entered the market size

On Paper Diagnostics: A Brief History and Future Perspectives

For centuries, diagnostic technologies have played a key role in medicine. Effective diagnostics can help clinicians identify the presence and extent of disease in their patients, as well as their general health. Precipitated by advances in biochemistry, chemistry, and engineering, the 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed rapid advancement in diagnostic technologies. However, these improvements have brought increased complexity and a corresponding move towards more centralized and specialized laboratories. This has led to significant healthcare disparities between high- and low/middle-income regions. However, with the introduction of paper-based diagnostics this paradigm has begun to shift, with new assay formats designed for point-of-care (PoC) or at-home use. By leveraging innovations from multiple fields, these paper-based tests can translate complex assay procedures into easy-to-use, single-step tests for the end user. In this review, we summarize the interdisciplinary beginnings of paper-based diagnostics, detailing their development through market introduction and commercial successes, and discuss the current state-of-the-art. Finally, we highlight areas for improvement and propose pathways that could enable increasingly complex chemistries to be performed on simple paper-based devices

Combinatorial microfluidic droplet engineering for biomimetic material synthesis

Although droplet-based systems are used in a wide range of technologies, opportunities for systematically customizing their interface chemistries remain relatively unexplored. This article describes a new microfluidic strategy for rapidly tailoring emulsion droplet compositions and properties. The approach utilizes a simple platform for screening arrays of droplet-based microfluidic devices and couples this with combinatorial selection of the droplet compositions. Through the application of genetic algorithms over multiple screening rounds, droplets with target properties can be rapidly generated. The potential of this method is demonstrated by creating droplets with enhanced stability, where this is achieved by selecting carrier fluid chemistries that promote titanium dioxide formation at the droplet interfaces. The interface is a mixture of amorphous and crystalline phases, and the resulting composite droplets are biocompatible, supporting in vitro protein expression in their interiors. This general strategy will find widespread application in advancing emulsion properties for use in chemistry, biology, materials and medicine

Continuous and Segmented Flow Microfluidics: Applications in High-throughput Chemistry and Biology

This account highlights some of our recent activities focused on developing microfluidic technologies for application in high-throughput and high-information content chemical and biological analysis. Specifically, we discuss the use of continuous and segmented flow microfluidics for artificial membrane formation, the analysis of single cells and organisms, nanomaterial synthesis and DNA amplification via the polymerase chain reaction. In addition, we report on recent developments in small-volume detection technology that allow access to the vast amounts of chemical and biological information afforded by microfluidic systems

Building droplet-based microfluidic systems for biological analysis

Abstract In the present paper, we review and discuss current developments and challenges in the field of dropletbased microfluidics. This discussion includes an assessment of the basic fluid dynamics of segmented flows, material requirements, fundamental unit operations and how integration of functional components can be applied to specific biological problems

Microfluidics for High-Throughput Screening and Directed Evolution in Agrochemical R&D

Directed evolution (DE) optimizes biomolecules through natural selection principles, revolutionizing the development of proteins, nucleic acids, and strains for various applications. However, conventional DE methods face limitations in screening throughput, which can prevent the identification of rare but optimal variants within a population. Droplet-based microfluidics enable the transfer of conventional screening methods into nanolitre- scale droplets, enabling high-throughput screening while preserving genotype-phenotype connections. This technology allows rapid screening of millions of variants, opening new possibilities for microbial strain engineering and metabolite production optimization. We discuss the integration of microfluidics into DE workflows and reflect on its potential applications in agrochemical research, including enzyme evolution, crop trait improvement, and natural product biosynthesis

Facile tuning of the mechanical properties of a biocompatible soft material

ISSN:2045-232

Hybrid Microfluidic Device for High Throughput Isolation of Cells Using Aptamer Functionalized Diatom Frustules

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), secreted from primary and metastatic malignancies, hold a wealth of essential diagnostic and prognostic data for multiple cancers. Significantly, the information contained within these cells may hold the key to understanding cancer metastasis, both individually and fundamentally. Accordingly, developing ways to identify, isolate and interrogate CTCs plays an essential role in modern cancer research. Unfortunately, CTCs are typically present in the blood in vanishingly low titers and mixed with other blood components, making their isolation and analysis extremely challenging. Herein, we report the design, fabrication and optimization of a microfluidic device capable of automatically isolating CTCs from whole blood. This is achieved in two steps, via the passive viscoelastic separation of CTCs and white blood cells (WBCs) from red blood cells (RBCs), and subsequent active magnetophoretic separation of CTCs from WBCs. We detail the specific geometries required to balance the elastic and inertial forces required for successful passive separation of RBCs, and the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to optimize active magnetophoretic separation. We subsequently describe the use of magnetic biosilica frustules, extracted from Chaetoceros sp. diatoms, to fluorescently tag CTCs and facilitate magnetic isolation. Finally, we use our microfluidic platform to separate HepG2-derived CTCs from whole blood, demonstrating exceptional CTC recovery (94.6%) and purity (89.7%

Fluorescence detection methods for microfluidic droplet platforms

The development of microfluidic platforms for performing chemistry and biology has in large part been driven by a range of potential benefits that accompany system miniaturisation. Advantages include the ability to efficiently process nano- to femoto- liter volumes of sample, facile integration of functional components, an intrinsic predisposition towards large-scale multiplexing, enhanced analytical throughput, improved control and reduced instrumental footprints.