Tooth development standards for South Australia

The document attached has been archived with permission from the Australian Dental Association. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included.Background: Chronological age, as recorded by registration of birth date, is referred to throughout an individual's life. This information is relevant in medical and dental practice for evaluating developmental progress, for educational purposes, and in legal matters, particularly in the application of criminal law. The absence of birth date information raises particular concerns, and estimates of chronological age are often required. Standards of dental maturation may be used to estimate age, but they have been shown to be gender and population sensitive. Methods: The revised Demirjian' system of dental age estimation was applied to a sample of 615 South Australian children in order to assess its accuracy. Results: The results of our study have shown that the Demirjian system is of limited accuracy when used to estimate the age of South Australian children. Conclusions: Generation of new standard curves, specific to the Australian population, is indicated.CJ McKenna, H James, JA Taylor, GC Townsen

Einfluss der Retention auf die Weisheitszahnmineralisation

In dental age diagnostics radiological evaluation of third molars is the most important criterion to establish whether an individual has attained 18 years of age. However, completed root development of third molars as the only criterion is insufficient for an establishment of legal certainty. In the present paper it was investigated whether root development is slowed down in impacted lower third molars and thereby increases the probability that 18 years of age has been attained. By means of logistic regression a delay of 0.6 years in male subjects and 0.7 years in female subjects was shown in impacted third molars with completed root development compared to cases with erupted third molars. There was no case in which an individual with impacted lower third molars with completed root development on both sides was under the age of 18. In the presence of impacted third molars with completed root development on one side only one subject was under 18 years of age (17 years and 11 months!). Conclusion: If two impacted third molars with completed root development in the lower jaw are determined in dental age diagnostics, a minimum age of 18 years in central Europeans can be suspected beyond any reasonable doubt. If one impacted mandibular third molar with completed root development is present it is very likely that 18 years of age have been attained

Case Concentration: An Academic Arcade Game for Physical Therapist Education

Case Physical Therapy is the study of patient/client cases to augment a practitioner’s clinical thinking, reasoning, and decision-making skills. Game-based learning, as part of an academic arcade, can add enjoyment and competition to an otherwise mundane process of acquiring knowledge and understanding and may serve to incentivize the student. The development of a case-related match game to teach physical therapy (PT) students about patient/client focused examination and interventional relationships is at the very heart of the design of Physical Therapy Case Concentration. Based in part on the successful, long-running (1958-1991) NBC game show, Physical Therapy Case Concentration features a computerized board consisting of 30 trilons (3 sided rotating boxes) with numbers, physical therapy related case content, and rebus text/graphics. The rebus is intended to convey a relevant lesson to the student that corresponds to the unique features of the selected PT patient/client case. The Undergraduate Summer Research Award (USRA) was used to initiate the development of the coding component of this endeavor. Coding in C# with Unity was employed to create a user interface and subsequent scripting of smaller game elements. The Game Manager scripting is currently underway. With completion of the script, the first clinical case sample content will be added and beta testing will commence.https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/u_poster_2018/1049/thumbnail.jp

Exploring the Role of Psychological Capital and Academic Hope in High School Students: How they interact With Their Cognitive Strategies to Influence Learning Outcomes?

High school students who possess and exhibit psychological capital (PsyCap) evaluate their goal determining behaviours and cognitive strategies through displaying self-efficacy, hope, optimism and academic resilience to attain higher learning outcomes. In the first study, the factorial structure of PsyCap as second order construct with 4 first order sub-facets was examined. In addition, in a time-lag research, the direct and indirect effect of instrumentality of learning on performance via PsyCap and deep cognitive strategies was also examined by using Structural Equation Modeling. Three hundred and four (N=304) high school students participated in the study. The results indicated that psychological capital and deep cognitive strategies were significantly correlated. Also, the outcome of Study 1 concluded that psychological capital partially mediated the relationship between the perceived instrumentality of a learning activity and academic performance whereas deep cognitive strategies did not predict achievement outcome and consequently did not have mediational effect. Moreover, when individual subscales of PsyCap were regressed separately, only academic hope and optimism emerged as significant predictors of achievement outcome controlled for self-efficacy and resilience. In a follow-up experimental study, the moderating effect of academic hope in explaining the generation and utilization of deep cognitive strategies was observed in an academic failing condition versus a neutral condition. The participants (N=131) were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and read accounts of two conditions: failing versus non-failing conditions. Later they were requested to generate and rate the likelihood of using cognitive strategies in admission exam. The results of the moderation analysis indicated that when faced with failing learning condition students were more likely to generate quantitatively more cognitive yet not deep strategies compared to their counterparts in an academic neutral condition. However, when faced with the experimental condition, students higher on hope were more likely to utilize deep cognitive strategies. Thus, academic hope moderated the effect of the experimental condition on the utilisation of deep strategies. The results of the 2 studies is discussed in the light of Conservation of Resources theory, Expectancy-Value and Hope theory

Imagining a Borderless Future: Methodologies for Multimodal Remix in Pan-terrestrial People’s Anthem

Flags and national anthems, as symbols of the nation state, frequently rely on music, lyrics and visual design to enlist and manipulate emotional bonds. Can these same tools be used, alternatively, to disentangle connections to our concepts of country, notions of borders or even the idea of the nation state itself? This is the question at the core of Pan-terrestrial People’s Anthem, an interdisciplinary remixing of the lyrics and music of 195 countries’ national anthems and their corresponding flags to create a body of poetry, music and videos. In an era of increasing closed-door nationalism, this article proposes that remix strategies can be used to unravel our concepts of nations, which traditionally magnify differences between countries and overemphasize a false sense of uniqueness, and to point instead to the interconnectedness between populations. In this context, remix strategies become a model for a future imaginary, a world that emphasizes the interdependence of beings and spaces that transcend established geopolitical boundaries. Through the case study of Pan-terrestrial People’s Anthem, I argue that remix strategies are particularly well suited as an aesthetic structural tactic for engaging with pressing issues where intertwined and entangled futures are at stake.

Artificial Intelligence Superteams & Augmentation Strategies: Increasing Performance of High-Functioning Virtual Team Members Via Human Machine Teaming Enhancements

Artificial intelligence (AI) can impact future workforce business operations in extraordinary ways through human-machine teaming. A human-machine teaming revolution will unleash enormous change upon businesses by merging humans and AI. For years, scholars and mainstream thought leaders have argued that firms must embrace AI and human-machine teaming to advance employee performance and deliver a high-performance, cost-effective, comprehensive business strategy (Raisamo, Rakkolainen, Majaranta, Salminen, Rantala, & Farooq, 2019). The era of human inadequacy, human-only teams, and human performance ceilings is disappearing as AI rapidly augments work and teams (Ashley & Sahota, 2019). AI augmentation and human-machine teaming will drive tomorrow’s blended teams and organizations. AI technologies will augment human skills and senses (Ashley & Sahota, 2019; Raisamo et al., 2019). Peter Drucker, the renowned management consultant, and educator, memorably said, what is measured, improves (Drucker, 2002). The ability of AI to quantify decisions and actions with big data analytics and improve a firm’s outcome and ability to maximize success in the future (Duan, Edwards, & Dwivedi, 2019) is essential to firms. This research defines how high-functioning virtual team members (HFVTMs) (Hill, Demirjian, & Walton, 2023), augmented with AI, can become superteams. This study uses an exploratory sequential mixed methods analysis to define and establish HFVTMs as a proxy for superteams to determine how to augment low-performing, moderate-performing, and high-functioning virtual team members with AI at the fundamental job task level to increase ROI. Finally, this study establishes a process and framework to examine jobs to elucidate which job tasks require AI

Locally Preferred Structure and Frustration in Glassforming Liquids: A Clue to Polyamorphism?

We propose that the concept of liquids characterized by a given locally preferred structure (LPS) could help in understanding the observed phenomenon of polyamorphism. ``True polyamorphism'' would involve the competition between two (or more) distinct LPS, one favored at low pressure because of its low energy and one favored at high pressure because of its small specific volume, as in tetrahedrally coordinated systems. ``Apparent polyamorphism'' could be associated with the existence of a poorly crystallized defect-ordered phase with a large unit cell and small crystallites, which may be illustrated by the metastable glacial phase of the fragile glassformer triphenylphosphite; the apparent polyamorphism might result from structural frustration, i. e., a competition between the tendency to extend the LPS and a global constraint that prevents tiling of the whole space by the LPS.Comment: 11, 6 figures, Proceedings of the Conference "Horizons in Complex Systems", Messina; in honor of the 60th birthday of H.E. Stanle

Malnutrition Has No Effect on the Timing of Human Tooth Formation

The effect of nutrition on the timing of human tooth formation is poorly understood. Delays and advancements in dental maturation have all been reported as well as no effect. We investigated the effect of severe malnutrition on the timing of human tooth formation in a large representative sample of North Sudanese children. The sample (1102 males, 1013 females) consisted of stratified randomly selected healthy individuals in Khartoum, Sudan, aged 2-22 years using a cross-sectional design following the STROBE statement. Nutritional status was defined using WHO criteria of height and weight. Body mass index Z-scores and height for age Z-scores of ≤-2 (cut-off) were used to identify the malnourished group (N = 474) while the normal was defined by Z-scores of ≥0 (N = 799). Clinical and radiographic examination of individuals, with known ages of birth was performed including height and weight measurements. Mandibular left permanent teeth were assessed using eight crown and seven root established tooth formation stages. Mean age at entry and mean age within tooth stages were calculated for each available tooth stage in each group and compared using a t-test. Results show the mean age at entry and mean age within tooth stages were not significantly different between groups affected by severe malnutrition and normal children (p>0.05). This remarkable finding was evident across the span of dental development. We demonstrate that there is little measurable effect of sustained malnutrition on the average timing of tooth formation. This noteworthy finding supports the notion that teeth have substantial biological stability and are insulated from extreme nutritional conditions compared to other maturing body systems