803 research outputs found
Vijftig jaar visserij en beheer op de Noordzee
Dit rapport geeft een overzicht van de inspanningen en uitkomsten van de Noordzeevisserij in de afgelopen 50 jaar en van het daarbij gevoerde beheer. Het richt zich uiteindelijk op de vraag of dat beheer op een begrijpelijke manier effectief is gebleken. Sinds de jaren vijftig is de visserij door drie fasen gegaan. Eerst heeft een expansie plaatsgevonden op een golf van technische ontwikkelingen en de hogere productiviteit van de visstand. Daarna vond een periode plaats van bijsturing (paaistand) via risicomijdend beheer en daarbij behorende voorzorgniveaus voor de visserijsterfte. Op dit moment is er inkrimping en structuurverandering; actief via beheer dat gericht is op een veel lagere visserijdruk en passief via het economisch renderen dat steeds afhankelijker is geworden van de stijgende olieprijs. Visserijbeheer is een complexe zaak. Zonder overzichtelijke informatie over visstand en visserij verliest het debat daarover zich in weinig productieve versimpelingen. Trefwoorden: Noordzeevisserij, visserijdruk; visserijbeheer, visserijbeleid, Noordze
Seasonal variation in the interactions between piscivorous fish, planktivorous fish and zooplankton in a shallow eutrophic lake
Toezicht op minimum maaswijdte
De vangst en sterfte van vis wordt hoofdzakelijk bepaald door de maaswijdte (of maasopening) in de kuil van het gebruikte visnet. Meting van maaswijdte is niet eenvoudig en de huidige regelgeving is aan kritiek onderhevig. Dit heeft geleid tot de ontwikkeling van een nieuw meetprotocol en meetinstrument. De visserij op tong met 80 mm en een minimummaat van 24 cm is gevoelig voor een juiste vaststelling van de maaswijdte van de kuil. Dit rapport behandelt statistische en juridische aspecten van de huidige regelgeving en de eventuele invoering van de nieuwe OMEGA-maaswijdtemeter
Oplossingsrichtingen bij het verminderen van scholdiscards in de 80 mm visserij.Ten behoeve van het Klein Beheersoverleg van 3 december 2007
Tong- en schol met de 80mm boomkor leidt tot vangst van schol vanaf 17cm. De aanvoermaat voor schol is 27cm, dit heeft tot gevolg dat schol tussen de 17 en 27cm wordt gediscard. Het merendeel van deze scholmaat houdt zich op in het zuidelijke gebied van de Noordzee, precies het verspreidingsgebied van de lucratieve tong. Deze platvissoort heeft een kleinere aanvoermaat (24cm) en heeft een flexibelere lichaamsbouw dan schol. Om optimaal te kunnen profiteren van deze hoogwaardige soort is het gebruik van een 80mm maaswijdte in de boomkorvisserij noodzakelijk. Deze ongelukkige combinatie van aanvoermaten en verspreiding van beide platvissoorten maakt het discarden van ondermaatse schol tot een structureel probleem. Daarbij komt dat sinds 1995 door verschillende factoren, een verschuiving van de visserijinspanning van het noorden naar het zuiden heeft plaatsgevonden. Dit rapport geeft een overzicht van mogelijke maatregelen om het percentage scholdiscards te verminderen. Effectiviteit en implementeerbaarheid van deze maatregelen worden, waar mogelijk, onderbouwd met resultaten en uitkomsten van wetenschappelijke studies
Socioeconomic factors that affect artisanal fishers’ readiness to exit a declining fishery
The emerging world crisis created by declining fish stocks poses a challenge to resource users and managers. The problem is particularly acute in poor nations, such as those in East Africa, where fishing is an important subsistence activity but high fishing intensity and use of destructive gear have resulted in declining catches. In this context developing effective management strategies requires an understanding of how fishers may respond to declines in catch. We examined the readiness of 141 Kenyan fishers to stop fishing under hypothetical scenarios of declines in catch and how socioeconomic conditions influenced their decisions. As expected, the proportion of fishers that would exit the fishery increased with magnitude of decline in catch. Fishers were more likely to say they would stop fishing if they were from households that had a higher material style of life and a greater number of occupations. Variables such as capital investment in the fishery and the proportion of catch sold had weak, nonsignificant relationships. Our finding that fishers from poorer households would be less likely to exit a severely declining fishery is consistent with the literature on poverty traps, which suggests the poor are unable to mobilize the necessary resources to overcome either shocks or chronic low-income situations and consequently may remain in poverty. This finding supports the proposition \ud
that wealth generation and employment opportunities directed at the poorest fishers may help reduce fishing effort on overexploited fisheries, but successful interventions such as these will require an understanding of the socioeconomic context in which fishers operate. \u
Oxidation of tetronic acids
The following paper contains a history of tetronic acids and includes a discussion on the methods of their synthesis, theoretical considerations concerning their unusual acidity, their oxidation, and the problem of their oxidative intermediate. The possible synthetic routes leading to the oxidative intermediate, a-alkyl- a-hydroxy tetronic acid is proposed. Chemical and spectroscopic evidence is presented for the existence of a-alkyl- a -hydroxy tetronic acid obtained by one of the proposed synthetic methods. Actual proof for the existence of this compound awaits a quantitative chemical analysis. A further experiment is suggested which would answer the question of whether or not during the oxidation of tetronic acids the ring opens and splits out carbon dioxide before or after the formation of the diketones
COVID-19 and Anxiety and Depression Prevalence in College Counseling Centers
Today more than ever, college students in the United States feel increased stress, leaving them more vulnerable to mental illnesses like depression and anxiety. With the Coronavirus-19 pandemic running rampant throughout the world, mental health concerns have been at the forefront of our issues, especially in the already vulnerable college population. While counseling centers have been present in colleges since the 1900s, their roles have significantly changed especially in the context of COVID-19. Therefore, due to the novelty of the virus, there is little research on the effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health and what that means for college counseling centers. While there is some research on factors that impact a student’s decision to receive counseling services, such as social stigma and strength of social support, little is known about how these factors have changed or stayed the same since the pandemic began. The present study examines Trinity College students’ feelings of their own current mental health, factors that students cite as affecting their attendance of their college counseling center, and college counseling center directors from Trinity College and Connecticut College’s perceptions of their roles in the context of the pandemic. Those who have attended the counseling center had significantly higher mean anxiety and depression ratings than those who have not attended, suggesting that those who need help are successfully receiving it. Long waitlists for appointments was the main reason both groups gave for not attending the counseling center, and those who have not attended the counseling center overwhelmingly cited uncertainty on how to schedule appointments
Boston University Medical Center: Perspectives on Health Policy
Report of a symposium held at the Boston University Medical Center
Scientific Landscape of Dental Literature in 2018
In the information age, human medical knowledge continues to grow exponentially, leading us to what could be best described as a knowledge tsunami. In 1950, medical knowledge doubled approximately every 50 years, by 1980, it doubled every 7 years, and by 2010, to a mere 3.5 years. Even more startling, in 2020 human medical knowledge will double in a stunning 73 days.[1],[2] Nowadays dental professionals face unprecedented information overload and must somehow manage it. Text mining, network visualization, and big data management techniques will help us to analyze and summarize exponentially growing knowledge in field of dentistry. In an intriguing effort, the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry has implemented a strategy to cope with dental information overload by publishing an annual review of selected scientific literature focused on seven different areas − prosthodontics, periodontics, dental materials, occlusion and temporomandibular disorders, sleep-disordered breathing, oral medicine, and oral and maxillofacial surgery and dental caries.[3] Following our 2017 attempt,[4] in this editorial we aimed to provide a summary of the scientific landscape of 2018 dental literature using mapping approaches and making them both manageable and practically useful for busy dental professionals
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