Source Reduction Technologies in California Printed Circuit Board Manufacture

A detailed technical review was made of hazardous waste source reduction technology used by California printed circuit board manufacturers. The purpose of the review was to assess the implementation of hazardous waste source reduction technology available for the printed circuit board manufacturing industry

Source Reduction Technologies in California Printed Circuit Board Manufacture

A detailed technical review was made of hazardous waste source reduction technology used by California printed circuit board manufacturers. The purpose of the review was to assess the implementation of hazardous waste source reduction technology available for the printed circuit board manufacturing industry

Assessment of the Polymers and Resins Industry\u27s Hazardous Waste Source Reduction Planning Efforts

This report summarizes the results of the Department of Toxic Substances Control\u27s (DTSC) assessment of the polymers and resin industry\u27s source reduction planning efforts, as mandated by the Hazardous Waste Source Reduction and Management Review Act of 1989 (Act). The assessment of the polymers and resin industry in California is based upon a review of documents produced by a sample of facilities in the state. It includes infonnation on the sources and types of hazardous waste generated by this industry and describes some of the steps taken to reduce the quantities or hazardous characteristics of waste generated in their operations. In addition, three case studies are featured as practical examples to show how source reduction practices benefited particular facilities

Asbestos Regulatory Clarifications

Periodic bulletin issued by the Texas Department of Health providing information and guidance regarding regulations around the use and abatement of asbestos. This issue discusses the requirement for buildings to be properly inspected before demolition

Asbestos Regulatory Clarifications

Periodic bulletin issued by the Texas Department of Health providing information and guidance regarding regulations around the use and abatement of asbestos. This issue clarifies the start date for projects in public buildings

Asbestos Regulatory Clarifications

Periodic bulletin issued by the Texas Department of Health providing information and guidance regarding regulations around the use and abatement of asbestos. This issue clarifies confusion on whether or not a Air Monitoring Technician can be employed to take personal air samples for evaluation potential worker exposures

Maternal Low-Level Lead Exposure and Fetal Growth

Background Limited epidemiologic studies have examined the association between maternal low-level lead exposure [blood lead (PbB) \u3c 10 μg/dL] and fetal growth. Objective We examined whether maternal low-level lead exposure is associated with decreased fetal growth. Methods We linked New York State Heavy Metals Registry records of women who had PbB measurements with birth certificates to identify 43,288 mother–infant pairs in upstate New York in a retrospective cohort study from 2003 through 2005. We used multiple linear regression with fractional polynomials and logistic regression to relate birth weight, preterm delivery, and small for gestational age to PbB levels, adjusting for potential confounders. We used a closed-test procedure to identify the best fractional polynomials for PbB among 44 combinations. Results We found a statistically significant association between PbB (square root transformed) and birth weight. Relative to 0 μg/dL, PbBs of 5 and 10 μg/dL were associated with an average of 61-g and 87-g decrease in birth weight, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for PbBs between 3.1 and 9.9 μg/dL (highest quartile) was 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.89–1.22] for preterm delivery and 1.07 (95% CI, 0.93–1.23) for small for gestational age, relative to PbBs ≤ 1 μg/dL (lowest quartile). No clear dose–response trends were evident when all of the quartiles were assessed. Conclusions Low-level PbB was associated with a small risk of decreased birth weight with a supralinear dose–response relationship, but was not related to preterm birth or small for gestational age. The results have important implications regarding maternal PbB

Cadmium pigments in consumer products and their health risks

© 2018 Elsevier B.V. Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal that has been increasingly regulated over the past few decades. The main exposure routes for the general public are the consumption of certain foods and the inhalation of cigarette smoke. However, additional exposure may occur through the current and historical use of the metal in consumer products. In this paper, the uses of Cd in consumer goods are reviewed, with the focus on brightly-coloured Cd sulphide and sulphoselenide pigments, and measurements of Cd in historical and contemporary products ascertained by XRF are reported. Cadmium is encountered across a wide range of contemporary plastic products, mainly because of the unregulated recycling of electronic waste and polyvinyl chloride. However, concentrations are generally low (<100 μg g−1), conforming with current limits and posing minimal risk to consumers. Of greater concern is high concentrations of pigmented Cd (up to 2% by weight) in old products, and in particular children's toys that remain in circulation. Here, tests conducted suggest that Cd migration in some products exceeds the Toy Safety Directive limit of 17 μg g−1 by an order of magnitude. The principal current use of Cd pigments is in ceramic products where the metal is encapsulated and overglazed. Leaching tests on new and secondhand items of hollowware indicate compliance with respect to the current Cd limit of 300 μg L−1, but that non-compliance could occur for items of earthenware or damaged articles should a proposed limit of 5 μg L−1 be introduced. The greatest consumer risk identified is the use of Cd pigments in the enamels of decorated drinking glasses. Thus, while décor is restricted to the exterior, any enamel within the lip area is subject to ready attack from acidic beverages because the pigments are neither encapsulated nor overglazed. Glass bottles decorated with Cd-based enamel do not appear to represent a direct health hazard but have the propensity to contaminate recycled glass products. It is recommended that decorated glassware is better regulated and that old, brightly-coloured toys are treated cautiously