Extended Measures of Investment and Saving

National accountants treat as consumption all expenditure incurred in purchasing consumer durables and in forming intangible assets such as knowledge, education and good health. The case is made in this paper that the national accounts measures of saving and investment understate both the extent to which we save and the extent of the resources that we allocate to investment. Moreover, the national accounts data do not allow us to monitor substitution between tangible and intangible assets.Saving; Investment; National accounts; Knowledge; Human Capital; Physical Capital; Intangible Capital

Ryzyko w instytucjach publicznych

Niepewność istnieje w niemal każdej dziedzinie odnoszącej się do działalności człowieka. Są to dziedziny życia społecznego, gospodarczego i politycznego. Ryzyko jest tematem zainteresowania w wielu dyscyplinach naukowych: ekonomii, prawa, medycyny, psychologii oraz socjologii. Wzrastająca konkurencja, rozpoznawalność procesów globalizacyjnych, zmiana wielkości produkcji podyktowana środkami możliwymi do obrotu, chęć wdrożenia innowacji powodują, że otoczenie organizacyjne ewoluuje w kierunku otoczenia coraz bardziej zmiennego. Sytuacja w działalności jednostki publicznej diametralnie się zmienia, co pozwala na określenie – sytuacja niepewności. Najważniejszym działaniem z punktu widzenia organizacji oraz stojących na czele zarządzających jest prawidłowa próba identyfikacji oraz podjęcie działań w celu eliminacji zaistniałych ryzykownych zdarzeń

Knowledge Sharing Behaviour and Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

The aim of the article is to indicate the knowledge sharing behavior (KSB) in SMEs. The task is to be achieved through an analysis research results on KSB. This kind of behaviour is associated in the literature with much broader knowledge management issues. This paper is an attempt to correlate the employees' statements with their work places (company’s size) and aims at research made on force of such correlation, including specific character of personnel behaviour resulting from company policy

“Neither Subject nor Object”: Ferality, Solastalgia and Strange Tools of Situated Practice

My practice-led research project “Neither Subject nor Object”: Ferality, Solastalgia and Strange Tools of Situated Practice explores how solastalgia, emotional and existential distress caused by environmental change and the personal experience of grief and anxiety can be articulated through art practice. The investigation is devoted to the relationship between nature, art and society and involves a site-specific project that has a potential to activate artistic response from others and lead to lasting continuous action that benefits network of individuals that include non-human persons. The case study is situated on the intersection between rural and urban environments in Zakopane and the Tatra Mountains in Poland. This project tackles the superficiality of the representation of the white bear mascot that in new incarnations has been posing for photographs with tourists in Zakopane since the 1920s. The absurd popularity of the ‘white bear’ confronted with the brown bear (Ursus arctos), a local endangered species, has triggered the project’s main axis, related to the question whether art can be useful to transform the way people think and behave and role of the artist in creating the opportunity for it to happen. Through its specific location, the project becomes positioned within debates around the climate crisis and ecological and ethical issues resulting from the impact of human behaviour on nature and on brown bears in the Tatra Mountains in particular. My research methodology involves historical, practical and critical inquiry situated in relation to artistic practices oriented towards human non-human relationships, widely defined land art and performance in public space with the unintentional participation of accidental viewers. My method of working is multidirectional and includes studio based sculptural work, drawing, costume making, in-camera performance and multi-screen video installation framed by a semi-fantastical autobiographical narrative that uses critical fabulation, a method of storytelling that addresses gaps in historical and factual knowledge. Donna Haraway in The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness, states that nature and culture are inseparable (natureculture) and the attempts to divide them amounts to violence. The word that signifies oppressive relationship between culture and nature is ferality – defined as a return to the wild state after the period of domestication, simultaneously imposing the superiority of the domestic state over the feral. I propose to strip ferality from its pejorative meaning and use it as a tool and an artistic strategy to activate the transformative function of art

Anima

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Association of lower fractional flow reserve values with higher risk of adverse cardiac events for lesions deferred revascularization among patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND: The safety of deferring revascularization based on fractional flow reserve (FFR) during acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is unclear. We evaluated the association of FFR and adverse cardiac events among patients with coronary lesions deferred revascularization based on FFR in the setting of ACS versus non-ACS. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population (674 patients; 816 lesions) was divided into ACS (n=334) and non-ACS (n=340) groups based on the diagnosis when revascularization was deferred based on FFR values >0.80 between October 2002 and July 2010. The association and interaction between FFR and clinical outcomes was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models within each group (mean follow-up of 4.5±2.1 years). Subsequent revascularization of a deferred lesion was classified as a deferred lesion intervention (DLI), whereas the composite of DLI or myocardial infarction (MI) attributed to a deferred lesion was designated as deferred lesion failure (DLF). In the non-ACS group, lower FFR values were not associated with any increase in adverse cardiac events. In the ACS group, every 0.01 decrease in FFR was associated with a significantly higher rate of cardiovascular death, MI, or DLI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.12), MI or DLI (HR, 1.09; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.14), DLF (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.18), MI (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.14), and DLI (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.18). CONCLUSION: Lower FFR values among ACS patients with coronary lesions deferred revascularization based on FFR are associated with a significantly higher rate of adverse cardiac events. This association was not observed in non-ACS patients